Ucwaningo lwesayensi futhi iminikelo izincwadi Lomonosov

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov phakade wehlile emlandweni njengoba wezinguquko olukhulu isiRashiya kanye izinkondlo. izincwadi Russian ekhulwini XVIII wathonywa izinguquko eziphawulekayo ukuthi usufikile ekuphileni okungokwesiko nasemphakathini yezwe ngemva izinguquko uPetru wehlelwe yini. MV Lomonosov wavela lokuzalwa ukungena kwezincwadi ezintsha Russian. Yena - hhayi kuphela isazi olukhulu isikhathi sakhe, kodwa futhi imbongi engcono kwenkathi. Ngakho uyini umnikelo ka -University ezincwadini? Wabhala imisebenzi izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene kakhulu: kuyinganekwane, sakhuluma ngesiqubulo, izinkondlo lyric, ukubhinqa, izinkondlo, izinto ezizwisa ubuhlungu. Kodwa akukhona nje okufanela kule.

Izinguquko isiRashiya

Igama sizihlanganisa University futhi izinguquko isiRashiya. He qamba lolimi lokuqala yesayensi Russian. Umsebenzi wakhe phezu izitayela ezintathu, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto wukuthi isonto-ncwadi ke siphelelwe yisikhathi futhi uhlobo ukubopha, kwaba wamavukelambuso ngaleso sikhathi. Yingakho okomnikelo Inyuvesi ekhatsi elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo ayikwazi overestimated. Yena ayivakashele okokuqala ukuthuthukisa ulimi olucacile eshubile. Futhi ukuthi ukuboleka okungcono Folk inkulumo futhi ukwethula lezi zinto esithombeni esikulesi. Ngo "Incwadi ku imithetho versification Russian" yakhe (1739) uthi ulimi kufanele athuthukise ngesisekelo izakhiwo zayo zemvelo, hhayi ukuboleka zenkulumo yomunye. Kodwa la mazwi kubaluleke kakhulu ezinsukwini zethu, lapho isiRashiya kuyinto imigomo isiNgisi, Americanisms ukuthi azixoshe lolu limi.

M. V Lomonosov: umnikelo isiRashiya nezincwadi

Awezolimi kanye nezincwadi zokufunda - Science enezici. Ngo izifundo zabo, futhi igxila emandleni isitayela. Futhi ke banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ngempela ukuba izincwadi Lomonosov. Wasikisela ukusetshenziswa liphansi, ngokulinganisela futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu isitayela. Kuyini lokhu? isitayela High yayizosetshenziselwa zokubhala izinkondlo, tinkondlo, izinkulumo zemikhosi. Okulingene - izincwadi enobungane. A isitayela ongaphakeme olwatuswa ukuveza izindaba evamile, ubhala amahlaya, epigrams, amaculo. Ngale ndlela ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe futhi prostonarechy. Ngakho Mikhail ngokuvumelanayo kuhlanganiswe zibe munye abadala nabasha.

Lamagama ukuthi Lomonosov negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi Russian nezincwadi - akuyona nje ezidabukisayo. Wayenenqolobane ulwazi olujulile emkhakheni wesayensi ngqo, wayejwayelene zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, Latin nesiGreki. amathalenta Yemvelo avunyelwe Lomonosov ukubeka isisekelo kwetheminoloji zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe Russian. Iseluleko sakhe kule ndawo kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu esikhathini samanje. Sivame musa ngisho nokuthi abaningi imigomo iyawakha ku izincomo zalo, asetshenziswa namuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, amandla adonsela phansi ethize, ama-axis eMhlabeni ... Kwaba Michael V esethula inani yesayensi amazwi amagama nge abavamile incazelo kwansuku: ukuhamba izinhlayiya, ucwaningo. Kancane kancane, laba ezintsha baye lwaludlula amagama ubudala. elikhulu kangaka usosayensi odumile Russian wabeka izisekelo ngolimi lwesayensi, ngaphandle okuyinto bekuyoba nzima ukuphatha kanye pundits yesimanje, futhi townsfolk elula.

Intuthuko emkhakheni sokudalwa etemibhalo

Futhi manje ake ubuyele emuva nesihloko eyinhloko ingxoxo yethu, futhi khumbula (futhi abanye bangase babe bazi kuphela) yayiyini umnikelo eNyuvesi izincwadi ... Kufanele wathi ukuthi kuqede izinguquko versification futhi isipele ngemisebenzi yayo ukuhluza senkondlo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Lomonosov nomthelela ukuvela of classicism ezincwadini Russian. izinkondlo yaKhe uyakhazinyuliswa ukunqoba Russian phezu kwezitha zabo ( "Ode phezu Ukuthatha ka Khotin"). Kodwa futhi alethe le izindikimba isayensi nenkolo ( "Ekuseni sizindle soMkhulu Kwaphezulu '). Lomonosov kwaba ngokwemvelo imbongi-isakhamuzi. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, kusobala ukuthi ubonisa isimo sengqondo sakhe maqondana izinkondlo. Michael V lihlabelela Empress Elizabeth njengoba umsekeli imfundo, wamukela ukuthula nokuzola njengoba isiqinisekiso ukuthuthukiswa wesayensi. Yena incoma izinguquko uPetru wehlelwe yini.

Futhi njengoba imbongi ichaza expanses umama Russia, izilwandle, imifula kanye namahlathi! Zonke lezi ingcebo kufanele bayazi kahle bawafaka emaceleni isevisi samandla Abantu bafunda amadoda. Lomonosov babekholelwa ngokujulile abantu Russian. Ngokusho kwakhe, amandla futhi kuzuze amandla amanga ukuthuthukiswa sciences ngqo.

ubuntu yehlukene kaningi okubalwa

iminikelo University lezi zincwadi - kungcono usayizi omusha vesi, nezinye inkulumo kanye nokuqukethwe. Eqinisweni, nale inkathi entsha yaqala ngo izincwadi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba ukubaluleka umsebenzi Lomonosov sika kule ndawo, babesanda uhlangothi kuye. lunye Its main isayensi. Kule ndawo, wayeyisazi lo muntu sekukhona ne mandleni. Futhi imisebenzi yakhe tetemibhalo, wababuka njengoba ifomu enhle kakhulu yokukhuluma imibono izinguquko. Clematis esetshenziswa kanye namafomu ezifana izinkondlo ngokuthi epigrams satirical, ukudlala vesi play. Lapho umuntu ediniwe izincwadi isikhathi sokudlala yakhe kubangelwa isiphepho nokugxeka ngezinye izikhathi ngokhahlo.

Imisebenzi usosayensi omkhulu

Classical theory Lomonosov busuka izincwadi nascent isiRashiya, lapho wabusa lonke ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Mikhailo Vasilyevich umsebenzi obalulekile emkhakheni isiRashiya etemibhalo izinkondlo yilezi: "Russian Grammar" (1755-1757), "Inkulumo encwadini ukusetshenziswa isonto ngolimi Russian" (1757), "Incwadi ku imithetho versification Russian" (1739). Ukuze ukuhlola okomnikelo University ezincwadini kanye nolimi, kubalulekile ukuba baqonde isimo lapho isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ngaleso sikhathi. Encwadini lasendulo aqale amiswa ukwehlukana omkhulu okhona phakathi inkulumo tetemibhalo, ulimi kanye eziphilayo "izincwadi". Lokhu kwaqhubeka amakhulu eminyaka ayisikhombisa. Kodwa nge Petra Velikogo kwekuhlela kabusha livela ingxube engaqinisekile izakhi ezintsha. Kuphela Lomonosov, nge ubuhlakani bakhe, wakwazi ukwakha kusuka izinxushunxushu ezinhlwini emide emincane ye ulimi olusha etemibhalo. Ekuhloleni lolimi Russian Mikhail Vasilyevich lokuqala washayelwa esiqinile imithetho yesayensi ngokunembile ngokuchaza umehluko phakathi kolimi etemibhalo nabezenkolo.

Efingqa

Wawusho M. V Lomonosov kithi? Nokho Iqhaza isiRashiya futhi izincwadi pundit omkhulu ngempela, njengoba impumelelo emkhakheni wesayensi ngqo. Yena wandisa esengozini wawubekela imithetho eqinile classicism Poetics, ubonisa izindlela zokuthuthukiswa zezinkondlo Russian. izimbongi zothando izosebenzisa izindlela zayo futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Mikhail Vasilievich kwaba umsunguli ODE, asungula indlela yokukhuluma ekhethekile olusankondlo adingekayo isethulo imibono okusezingeni eliphezulu yokushisekela izwe.

Yilokho kwaba okomnikelo University izincwadi Russian.