Indaba "Spasskaya Polist" Radishcheva: isifinyezo, umcondvo lomcoka endzabeni kanye nokuhlaziywa umkhiqizo

"Uhambo kusuka Petersburg eMoscow" lunezingqikithi ezintathu eziyinhloko: critique of autocracy futhi serfdom, umbuzo kwesiphetho zokuvukela umbuso. Radishchev kulo msebenzi kudlulela ngale umuzwa elibangise ekhombisa ongokoqobo ngokulinganiselwa ngokoqobo isimiso. Incwadi uhlukile baletha ndawonye emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kusukela amanoveli ngekucocisana zefilosofi, futhi kusukela izincwadi eziya kumaKristu ase kuwumfuziselo. Konke lokhu "izingcezu" Ningena lonke besebenzisa umqondo jikelele we zakudala umbuso autocratic futhi serfdom. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cross-cutting uhlamvu kuyinto isihambi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e isahluko ngasinye kukhona icebo, nokuphelela yayo compositional.

Spasskaya Polist

Omunye acute izahluko kwezenhlalo-esibucayi njenge "Spasskaya Polist". Ufingqa ukucabanga Radishcheva ngezingozi autocracy. Lokho kukhona kuphela indaba nababusi, bese besebenzisa imali ngenhloso ngaphandle inkonzo yasobala, futhi ngesivumelwano siqu (oyster atholwe). Kanye nomsizi wakhe, sibonga "lalelani" kusevisi, uphromothiwe. Okusho ukuthi, kukhona izimali kanye nepotism. Dream Traveller - kuyinto allegory satirical wawo wonke wokubusa uCatherine II. Ngekusho kwembhali wencwadzi, kuba nokubusa kwakhe futhi ungukubola ukonakala autocracy yafinyelela umvuthwandaba. Ikakhulukazi ngokucacile kuyofikwa esahlukweni "Spasskaya Polist".

Radishchev - Russian entandweni yeningi futhi isibalo somphakathi kwekhulu XVIII, owenza banikela ngendlela ebalulekile isiko isiRashiya, izincwadi kanye umcabango nomphakathi. Esahlukweni "Spasskaya Polist", njengoba ku "uhambo" lonke, umlobi ukhuluma egameni abalimi abacindezelwe futhi ekhathele ukuba babe nezwi ekuphenduleni nabacindezeli. Kwakukhona omunye uchungechunge olunjalo kanye ukucabanga izinguquko of umbhali, umbhali we imisebenzi emikhulu, esasihlanganisa yinhloko yezizwe "Spasskaya Polist" (ukuhlaziywa izoqinisekisa lokhu).

ukucwaninga

Phrinta lomkhiqizo alikwazanga ukuphatha, nakuba uConstantine Ryleev yamshiya, musa ngisho ukufunda. Khona-ke umlobi ibahlomisé ukuphrinta ayo futhi waqala ukudayisa amakhophi 25. I-600 ezisele wayeshiye ekhaya. Ngisho izicucu amabili nanhlanu ngokwanele ukuba lowo muzi 'okukhulunywa. " Rumour safinyelela uCatherine. UMbusikazi kwaba ethukuthele. Naphezu igama wombhali "Uhambo" Radishchev atholakala ngokushesha. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakukhona umphumela. Ngaphambi umbhali kwadingeka amagoli amathathu: hhayi ukunikeza abangane ukuthi kuvikelwa abantwana kanjalo lapho ukuphila kwabo kusengozini. Yaphela yokuthi ukubulawa itsetfwe ireferensi eSiberia. Ngakho "ihlongandlebe sibi kakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa Pugachev" uyaphila. Radishchev wazibulala uma, ngemva kokubuya ekudingisweni aqaphela ukuthi ushushiso aluphelanga.

endabeni yokuthi

Incwadi Radishchev (futhi kwezinye izahluko, njengokuthi "noMsindisi Polist"), umcondvo lobalulekile - ukuchayeka of serfdom. Catherine wabona kuwo kwenanela we French Revolution, kodwa ngokuvamile, yonke imicimbi babephefumulelwe ngokoqobo Russian. Umhlangano ngamunye isihambi kwandisa kuphela bayasethemba nangobudlova nesikali ukufumbathisa owandile ezweni. Umlobi akazange anqikaze obala asilahle serfdom. Ubiza futhi emzimbeni lokhu udlame olubhekiswe umuntu. "Spasskaya Polist" eyakhelwe esihluke yobukhulu zangaphandle zombuso nokubuna yayo sangaphakathi despotism. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu okhona phakathi umbhali uphethe egcekeni, esicwila ukunethezeka Russia beggary. Ukutholakala kusikisela ukuthi iziphathimandla kunabantu uyakwazi meanness. Enezici wabonisa izithombe abakhwabanisi nabaphangi, nosaziwayo ezibangela. Zonke zibambene ngo kwesisekelo futhi baye bacabange kuphela ngezithombe kanjani ukwandisa isimo sakho nokuningi ukuphuca abalimi. Indaba "Spasskaya Polist" kubeka ku ekukhanyeni okukhazimulayo.

Ukuthola indlela

Ukugxekwa Radishchev futhi absolutism ukukhanyiselwa kanye nalo, abefundisi kanye esontweni. Bona, ngokuvumelana Radishchev, kukhona abasizi eyinhloko inkosi e yokucindezela serfs. Okuwukuphela kwendlela kulesi simo iyi-revolution. Umlobi uthi abantu befika ukweqisa. Lokhu kwaba yisikhathi okwakhiwa ngaso udlame lokuketula ubudlova.

Ngokombono Radishchev eRussia may uhulumeni republic lapho isisekelo - yangasese. It has ilungelo lawo wonke umuntu. Okungukuthi, kokugumbuqelwa ohlanga uthole abalimi umhlaba. Yiqiniso, wayazi ukuthi konke lokhu ngeke eze kusasa. Okokuqala, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa okumelwe zenzeke ezingqondweni abalimi, futhi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, eqinisweni.

isifinyezo

Esahlukweni "Spasskaya Polist" utshela indaba indlela eya Polist engumngane isihambi umtshela indaba yakhe. Konke akwenzayo kwakukuhle, umkami, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. I Hitcher wakhohliswa nomngane wakhe, ngokuletha kwesokunxele ku ubhontshisi, kodwa namanje izikweletu. Inkosikazi abakhulelwe ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa wabeletha kwesikhathi. Ngiphakathi ingane noma unina ngasinda. Futhi iningi ukukhohliswa bazifihla. Traveller uyazwelana ngobuqotho nomngane wakhe, ngisho iziveza esikhundleni ophakeme umbusi, ubulungisa nobuhle, lapho izimbali zawo ziwukudla izwe, abantu bajabule. Kodwa kungazelelwe kwesihenqo uwela emehlweni umbusi, futhi ebona ukuthi empeleni izwe likhubekile, adingekayo kudlangile. Lona yinhloko yezizwe "Spasskaya Polist", sifinyeto okuyinto uvezwa ngenhla.

isihambi

Uhlobo "uhambo" ivumela hero yakho nokuguquguquka umkhiqizo wokugcina, kanye ukuthola iqiniso. Ngubani isihambi Radishcheva? Asinakusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi nguye umbhali yena. Ngomqondo onabile, umkhiqizo, siyazi cishe lutho mayelana amaqiniso yomlando wakhe. Basuke zihlakazeke ezahlukweni ahlukene ngempela esincane. He is omele esemthethweni babantu abampofu futhi ezikhathalela ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela. Komkhiqizo kuyacaca ukuthi akabakhathalele kangakanani abantu unkosikazi, kodwa unezingane. Ekuqaleni "I Travels" iqhawe uyakhumbula ngesenzo sakhe eyihlazo, lapho kungekho sizathu lowo ukushaya coachman yakhe. Lena nkumbulo kwakhe lisikisela ukuthi ngaphambi bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye izinduna abavamile umnumzana. Ngokuqonda izisekelo negative autocracy isihambi abafika kamuva. Waphenduka futhi ngisho wafuna ukuzibulala, njengoba into waqonda okushintsha. Naphezu izenzakalo ezibuhlungu netitfombe indaba yokugcina namanje ekubeni sokulindela okuhle okuningi. Radishchev babekholelwa: ngakho ngeke lihlale isikhathi eside.

ngezindlela ezintathu

Traveller, futhi kanye naye Radishchev, bafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi kunezindlela ezintathu kungenzeka ukuqeda serfdom Russian ukuphi. Lokhu kabusha ( "Ethandwayo"), imfundo ezicukuthwaneni ( "Sacra"), ukuhlubuka ( "Zaitsevo). Abantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe babekholelwa ukuthi umbhali ngokwakhe umsekeli yokuhlubuka. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Radishchev inaka zonke izindlela ezintathu, futhi ngayinye kuwo zivalelise.

Nge esontweni

Man Radishchev babekholelwa ukuthi ekwindla ka isimilo nokukhohlakala okwakudlangile kungokufanayo oxhumene nomunye. Ehola zezitsha isonto futhi autocracy. Umlobi wayo oye wathonya bonke: kanye ukucwaninga, futhi inkantolo Regal, futhi ukuziphatha okubi zababusi. A kuwumthombo wenjabulo kumbhali wukuthi isiqalo enempilo, ongakaqaliswa elahlekile abantu. Lona lapho umtloli ufuna uthola ukwesekwa kanye ithemba elingcono licace. Phela, kumnyama noma kubomvu, abantu abasebenza, ophilayo, bejabula. Kungenxa elula abalimi kumbhali ubona ikusasa leNingizimu Afrika. Akukhona nje ngokumelene autocracy wenza Radishchev, kodwa futhi ngokumelene isiqondiso mva, ezifana Freemasonry. Bona ukuphazamisa abantu abavela nezindaba zomphakathi kanye wagcwalisa ingqondo yakhe umbhedo. Ideal for Radishchev - indoda onesibindi ophila ukuphila Russia, radeyuschie iqiniso. Yiqiniso, Radishchev lamfica ngokuphila kwakhe ngenxa eyikhulu. Namuhla siyayazisa kokufaneleka kwakhe phambi wobaba.