Ukumeda: izinhlobo Kukhuluma. Izinhlobo zokulinganisa, ngezigaba, iphutha, izindlela kanye izindlela

Igama elithi "isilinganiso" libhekisela kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda okuthile. Njengengxenye Metrology leligama inezincazelo ezimbili ezahlukene. Esimweni sokuqala esinazo emqondweni ukudalwa abizwa kwabanye amayunithi. Esikhathini isilinganiso yesibili kuyadingeka ukuze zikwazi ukuzala ipharamitha inani elilodwa.

Uhlolojikelele

Inkomba okukhishwa ngokomzimba ngokuthi kunesidingo sokwenza nesilinganiso kusho. Isetshenziselwa ukudlala emuva futhi sigcine amayunithi esethiwe ngokomzimba. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, ukulinganisa isisindo noma hudula. Ezweni kukhona definition ovamile for welithi "Metrology". Lokhu legatsha isayensi ukutadisha nesilinganiso amasu hlanganisa them, kanye nemithetho ukuthola ezingeni edingekayo lokunemba. Kumiswa elithi "Metrology" is emazwini lesiGreki ehlangene asho ukuthi "ekutadisheni izinyathelo."

ukulandeleka

Kukhona imithetho ethile entry, lapho imingcele elotshiwe ngokuya ukwamukelwa kwemithetho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kunemingcele imiphumela yephutha. Kulo mongo, izinkomba njengento eyamukelekayo. Ngakho-ke, ukudala izinhlobo ezahlukene nesilinganiso amaphutha, okuyinto kuhluke yi-degree of ukuphambuka. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuqoshwa Umthetho ukuguqula yonke imiphumela eyatholakala ngesikhathi amaphuzu ezahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene, usebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene kanye namasu e uhlelo olulodwa. Esikhathini sethu, kubalulekile ukuthola idatha kunembe kakhulu futhi kunokwethenjelwa emkhakheni wesayensi nakwezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, it is uye wakwenza wafunda izinhlobo izilinganiso. Metrology kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukumeda. izinhlobo nesilinganiso

Kukhona imisebenzi ehlukahlukene interactive, ogama msebenzi ukusetha izinhlobo ubudlelwano phakathi nenani ukuthi ukulinganisela, futhi omunye ukuthi ambalwa kakhulu. Lesi sakamuva iqinile kule divayisi wokulinganisa. Inani lenombolo - lena idatha. Sinenkosi elinye igama - inkomba yokuthi ubukhulu bomzimba. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomculo wokulinganisa. Ziyakwazi ngokwabo amayunithi kanye zikagesi eziphezu kwamakhabethe kanye Transformers ekhethekile, kanye izinhlelo nezitshalo. "Dimension" umqondo elikhulu futhi ukubaluleka. izinhlobo nesilinganiso nazo zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Nokho, kukhona ezinye amaphuzu jikelele. Izinhlobo kanye nezindlela zokulinganisa bamunye isakhiwo esisodwa. izinqubo Ukuhlolwa aqukethe ngezigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuqhathanisa ukubaluleka kulinganiswa nge inkomba iyunithi, bese ibe ifomethi oyifunayo ngokuxhumana ngendlela ethile.

kokuhlukana

Ukungafani akuyona kuphela izinhlobo izilinganiso. Ukwahlukanisa amadivayisi salokhu inqubo kusebenza khona izingxenye ezahlukene. Yokutholwa systematization yendawo, isibonelo. Elinye iqembu amadivayisi ngokuthi oyisibonelo, futhi enye - abasebenzi. Eyokuqala edingekayo ukuze abasebenzise njengezipho benchmark ukuhlola ukunemba nezinye izilinganiso. Ngokusebenza yilezo zenzelwe ukulinganisa ubungako amagugu ethile esetshenziswa indoda. Singasho ukuthi lokho okushiwo esigabeni okunjalo akukhona ukunemba insimbi nokungafani kwenjongo. Kukhona izindlela ezehlukene lapho nesilinganiso. Izinhlobo izilinganiso zihlanganisa izinyathelo ezikhethekile ngawo ukukhiqiza kabusha ubukhulu imuphi usayizi ethile.

Single-zenani futhi izinyathelo multi-zenani. umehluko

Kukhona futhi izinyathelo owodwa ezaziswayo multi-zenani. Iqembu lokuqala yilezo bayakwazi ukukhombisa kuphela izimiso zokuziphatha ezibheka nge usayizi ofanayo. Nge multi-zenani ukukhiqizwa kabusha ukulandelanisa etholakalayo lobehlukene. isilinganiso esinjalo kungase kubizwe ngokuthi, isibonelo, milimitha umthetho. Kukhona futhi uhlobo amasethi ukuthi akhiwa amasethi ezahlukene izinyathelo. Bona lokuphinda Lesisemkhatsini sesisonke amagugu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo, uxhumana, angase enze operation jikelele, futhi kungaba isinyathelo eceleni ngalinye. Ukuze uqhathanise ubukhulu bale ngesilinganiso, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile - a comparator. Indima leli thuluzi ngokuvamile isinyathelo-alinganayo izikali ibhuloho wokulinganisa. Uma izinyathelo ocacile esiningi sokutadisha, sizokwazi ukusho ukuthi kubo baphinde njengoba amasampula futhi izinto esebenza nalesi sabelo. Banezinhliziyo Ukwakheka esiqondile izakhiwo. Iya kancane ngeziphambeko azamukeleki. Lezi izinto inkomba kungasiza ukuhlola ebusweni maholoholo, ubulukhuni, ukuveza noma nezinye izakhiwo ezibonakalayo. Amasampula ukusiza ukudala iphuzu, obumba esikalini. Zinc negolide, isibonelo, isetshenziswa uma liyadingeka kabusha lokushisa ethile.

esithweni

Iphutha ekuhloleni libabiza zonke izinyathelo esithweni eziningana ngokulandelana. Endabeni ukuphambuka kusuka izinyathelo inkomba ngokwabo kwakheka isigaba division. Amayunithi isigaba esithile amadivayisi ihlolwe ngephutha nesilinganiso, ukuze zibalwa njengoba amasampula.

Converters. Uhlolojikelele

Idivayisi sokulinganisa ukuthi izinhlobo ulwazi etholakale emva ekulinganiseni idatha efana, okungase ukuguqula, esitolo kanye nenqubo, Nokho, akazivezi kuye ukufinyelela ezibukwayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-transducer. Uyini umphumela? Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe ngalokhu.

Ingqikithi yalo ukuguqulwa

Lapho ukubaluleka kuphela alungele ukucutshungulwa, ibizwa ngokuthi ukubaluleka input. Futhi ulwazi okuholela isiba eyaziwa ngokuthi "okukhipha". Converter-amplifier - umshini akashintshi isimo ngokomzimba idatha ezenziwayo, futhi lokho kuguqulwa umsebenzi komugqa. Igama elithi "amandla" isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne izwi, echaza isinyathelo sakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, "msindo voltage." Uma ngesikhathi Inani lokuguqulwa is iguqulwe kwenye, igama idivayisi ithola inani elisha - "Electro".

izinhlobo converters

Kuye ngabe ikuphi, kungenzeka Converter eyinhloko ingxenye idivayisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukubaluleka elinganisiwe ngokusebenzisa sidlule ngqo. It kungabuye ngobulili. Amanani zenzeka elandelayo ukwelashwa. I Converter kungaba Lesisemkhatsini. Itholakala ngemuva eyinhloko.

Amathuluzi. Uhlolojikelele

amathuluzi Ukulinganisa abhekwa zindlela ukuthola idatha ku ubukhulu, ukuthi uzimele ngefomethi leyo iyatholakala ukuze ihlolwe ezibukwayo. Kuye ohlotsheni izilinganiso ehlangana kumaqembu athile. Ngakho, ezibhekwa amadivaysi ezivamile, eqhuba izilinganiso ngqo. engavamile wabo ukuthi ukuguqula idatha yoqobo engashiyanga ulwazi mayelana nesimo sabo sokuqala. Kukhona futhi amathuluzi ikuvumela ukuba enze futhi izilinganiso engesobala.

ngokuqhathanisa amadivayisi

Nokho, amadivaysi ngokunyakazisa ngqo akuzona inembe kunazo. Ingaphezulu kakhulu lesi sici ku idivayisi ukuqhathanisa. Ukusebenza kwawo kusekelwe ngokuqhathanisa idatha etholwe yokukala eziguquguqukayo ifundelwe ngolwazi eyaziwa kakade mayelana nezinye amagugu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi futhi "nesilinganiso engaqondile". ukulungiselela yabo kungenzeka uma idatha engumthombo. Ngamanye amazwi, kwemigomo izinkomba akhiwa okunikeza nesilinganiso oqondile. izinhlobo nesilinganiso ube izigaba eziningana. Ukuze uqhathanise amanani, kufanele usebenzise isinxephezelo noma ibhuloho izifunda. Okokuqala uqhathanisa lezo zindinganiso ukuthi abe namandla athile noma amandla. Le ndlela isekelwe yokuthi amagugu kuqhathaniswa uxhumeke kwi-wesifunda loop bese ukuhlola ukubonakaliswa yabo. Endabeni efanayo, uma inani ubhekwa yokwenziwa, isb it has a wesifunda ukumelana ibhuloho isetshenziswa.

Distribution Uhlaka ngokuvumelana nenqubo

Uma idivayisi, zikhona izindlela ezahlukene inkomba idatha ku eziguquguqukayo wafunda. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni ekhethekile yadalwa. Kulesi sisekelo, singaphetha ngokuthi kukhona ama-apharathasi ekukhiqizweni, okubandakanya Analogue nje kuphela kodwa futhi digital. Olunye uhlobo amadivayisi - yibo wolwazi werekhodi. Ethandwa kakhulu amadivayisi analog. ingxenye yabo ubophezelekile ukunakekela inkomba, yakheke izingxenye ezimbili. Esokuqala ngezinga ixhunywe ezithathekayo ingxenye. Esinye isici wezinsimbi zomculo - pointer exhunywe kwi umzimba zedivayisi. Isenzo amamitha, umsebenzi wabo Lusekelwe esimisweni digital kuwumphumela izakhi mechanical electronic.

Variability indlela yokuqopha

Kunenye ngezigaba amadivayisi ukurekhoda. Ngokwesibonelo, indlela eyayibhalwe kudivayisi ukubhalisa idatha. Kukhona izinto zikagesi eziphezu kwamakhabethe abalobi kanye amaphrinta. Le sipho wokuqala wathola futhi kusetshenzwe ulwazi kanye sebuningini nesilinganiso ngesimo emagrafu, emashadi, imidvwebo. Registrars abasebenza Isimiso sesibili, ukusebenza oluvelele eteyipini iphepha, waliguqula nabo uchungechunge zezinombolo. Isikhathi esining impela zikhona amadivayisi usebenze ngokuqhathanisa isibonelo, okuyizinto inhlanganisela yazo zonke izinhlobo okungenhla, okungukuthi, abakubonisayo iqoqo zezikhombo ngezinga elingelikhulu futhi indlela digital. Idatha ukuqoshwa, ukucubungula ukuphrinta kungase kwenziwe ngesimo amashadi kanye imidvwebo uchungechunge amagugu digital, kanye nezinombolo.

izakhi Asizayo ukuze kuhlolwe

Kukhona futhi imishini elisizayo namathuluzi nesilinganiso. Isici amadivayisi ezinjalo hhayi kuphela ucwaningo kwi amagugu abo. Abakwazi alawule ukusebenza kwe-isivikelo esiyinhloko, umphumela walo ekushintsheni okwamanje kolwazi ukufunda, futhi lapho icutshungulwe noma kwabiwa. Idatha enikeza izindlela ezengeziwe ukusiza ukulawula bese uhlela ukufundwa kudivayisi. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi esebenza kahle ngaphezulu thermometer kumelwe futhi ufake Izikali ingcindezi, okuyinto ukukala yokucindezela imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivaysi asizayo ungashintsha izilungiselelo yemisebenzi imitha. Ngakho, endabeni usebenzisa idivayisi ukubhaliswa nomswakama ezingeni ukufaka ububanzi bamanani.

Amasethingi

Kunezimo lapho, ukuze bathole izibalo ezinembile idatha, kudivayisi eyodwa yanele. Kulokhu, siyaphi ukuqedela izinhlelo ehlanganisa amadivayisi ngekwetinhloso letehlukene. Basuke ahlelwe thize endaweni elinganiselwe. Ezinye idivayisi isilinganiso aggregate iguqulwe ibe uhlelo olulodwa. Unikelwe umthwalo ukubuthwa, systematization nokucutshungulwa kolwazi umuntu obuka.

uhlelo

Ngesinye ezingeni, lapho abakumedako izinhlelo. Ngokungafani izakhiwo ezinjalo kusuka kumasistimu ezichazwe ngenhla ukuthi zingase besakazeke ndawo enkulukazi, futhi ukuxhumana Imininingwane ngemigudu ekhethekile. Idatha kulezi zinhlelo ayatholakala izinhlobo ezimbili. Omunye wabo kufinyeleleke umuntu wangempela, ukusebenza umfundi. Enye indlela yokwelapha wahlanganyela kule khompyutha.

izinkomba

Kukhona amathuluzi ogama msebenzi ukufunda zokubonisa izindawo ngokomzimba. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi izinkomba. Omunye inkambo esikoleni i-chemistry zonke ezaziwayo litmus test eziphathelene indlela ukubonisa. Inaliti yekhampasi Uphinde abhekwe leli thuluzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esiphikisayo elibonisa inani uphethiloli e yezimoto uphethiloli ithangi ezingeni, nalo liyisifo esithathelana inkomba.