Incazelo Belt asteroyidi sonozungezilanga. Main Belt asteroyidi

Incazelo yesimiso sonozungezilanga liqukethe ulwazi ayigcinanga ngokuchaza ukuthi amaplanethi eziyisishiyagalombili kanye Pluto, kodwa izakhiwo eziningana, kuhlanganise inqwaba emizimbeni cosmic. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa Kuiper ibhande, disc ziyahlakazwa, Oort ifu, kanye ibhande elisemkhathini. Lesi sakamuva uzobe sichaziwe ngezansi.

definition

Igama elithi "netshe elisemkhathini" iguqulwe ngu William Herschel umqambi Charlza Berni. Igama livela ngesiGreki futhi lisho "like inkanyezi". Ukusetshenziswa eside enjalo kuye kwahlotshaniswa yokuthi ekutadisheni izikhala isikhala ngokusebenzisa isibonakude asteroyidi kwakubonakala efana Star: olufana iphuzu ngokungafani amaplanethi okuyinto owawufana amasondo.

Ngenxa yalokho, akukho kwencazelo eside namuhla. The main isici isici le nguzunga ibhande izinto futhi izakhiwo ezifanayo - usayizi. Umkhawulo engezansi - 50 m ububanzi ezincane emzimbeni Space -. Kuyinto Meteor. I mkhawulo - ububanzi the yemifino iplanethi Ceres, cishe 1000 km.

Indawo futhi ezinye izici

Ibhande elisemkhathini olele phakathi umzila wenyanga Mars kanye Jupiter. Namuhla sekunamabandla angaphezu kuka-600,000 wezinto yayo, kanti ezingaphezu kuka-400,000 babe inombolo yabo, noma ngisho igama. Cishe u-98% zokugcina - letigcogcwe ngaphambilini elisemkhathini ibhande kude ilanga ibanga 2.2 kuya 3.6 AU. Umzimba ngobukhulu phakathi kwabo - Ceres. Emhlanganweni we-MAC ngo-2006, yena kanye Pluto nezinye izinto eziningana anikezwe isimo iplanethi yemifino. Usayizi elandelayo Vesta, uPallas futhi Giga kanye Ceres bakha u-51% isisindo ingqikithi ibhande elisemkhathini.

ukuma

umzimba Cosmic, akha ibhande, ngaphezu Ubukhulu zisekhona eziningana izici key. Bonke bangabangasokile izinto enamadwala, adayiswa omise yabo njengoba uzungeza ilanga. Kugcinwa asteroyidi wembula ukuthi, njengoba umthetho, bona abangaphumi njalo ukuma spin. Izithombe ezithathwe mkhathi, ukuze undize uhambe ibhande elisemkhathini ezisesimisweni sethu sikanozungezilanga, isikuqinisekisile lezi ezizathwini. Ngokwabacwaningi, leli fomu - umphumela njalo ukushayisana asteroyidi nomunye kanye nezinye izinto.

isakhiwo

Kuze kube manje, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zakhomba amakilasi amathathu asteroyidi ngokuvumelana izinto eziyinhloko ukubunjwa yabo:

• carbon (Class C);
• silicate (isigaba S) nge predominance ka-silicon;
• metal (M grade).

I-akhawunti yokuqala cishe 75% wabo bonke asteroyidi ezaziwayo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa Nokho, ezinye izazi awacatshangwa eyamukelekayo. Ngokombono wabo, idatha ekhona ungaphindaphindi ngokucacile okuyinto isici evelele ezindikimbeni cosmic we ibhande elisemkhathini.

Ngo-2010, iqembu lezazi zezinkanyezi wenziwe ukutholakala ethakazelisayo yokwakheka asteroyidi. Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi phezu Themis into ngokwanele elikhulu kule ndawo, amanzi ice. I Okutholakale kuqinisekisa ngokungaqondile umbono wokuthi omunye wemithombo yamanzi eMhlabeni abasha babe asteroyidi.

Ezinye Izici

Izinga isilinganiso at nguyiphi intfo azungeza ilanga le ndawo 20 km / s. Kulokhu, omunye revolution main elisemkhathini ibhande ukuchitha ezintathu Umhlaba iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Ukuze iningi labo libhekene ukuthambekela kancane orbit indiza Ecliptic - 5-10º. Nokho, kukhona izinto kabani trajectory kwenza endizeni umhlaba ujikeleza emhlabeni ukukhanya engela kuzenze zibathinte nakakhulu afika ku 70º. Lesi sici yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo Ukwahlukaniswa asteroyidi ku subsystems amabili: flat futhi eyindilinga. Ukuthambekela omise lezinto yohlobo sokuqala esingaphansi noma ilingane 8º, kwesibili - okukhulu kwenani elicacisiwe.

ukuvela

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye iningi lososayensi liye kabanzi okuxoxwe hypothesis mayelana Phaethon oshonile. Ibanga kusuka Mars ukuze Jupiter ngempela umxhwele, futhi lapho zingase zidlulisele emzileni kwenye iplanethi. Nokho, imibono enjalo namuhla ubhekwa akusebenzi. izazi zezinkanyezi Modern banamathele inguqulo endaweni, lapho ibhande of asteroyidi, iplanethi zenzeka nje bahluleka. Isizathu salokhu e-Jupiter. I-giant igesi namanje e kusaqalwa lasungulwa kunomphumela okudonsa ku endaweni, elele eduze kwelanga. Wakhanga ingxenye Ingqikithi le izoni. Hhayi ethunjwa Jupiter emizimbeni bahlakazekela bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, protoasteroidov anda isivinini, isibalo sezikhungo ukushayisana. Ngenxa yalokho, abagcinanga wakha mass nevolumu, kodwa ngisho lincipha. Ngokuhamba kugucuka enjalo amathuba amaplanethi phakathi Jupiter ne-Mars baba zero.

ithonya njalo

UJupiter namuhla "akabashiyi wedwa" ibhande elisemkhathini. amandla adonsela phansi yayo enamandla ebangela izinguquko umzila wenyanga ezinye izidumbu. Ngaphansi kwethonya zawo zazilotshiwe okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhamba kuzo lapho kukhona nhlobo asteroyidi. Umzimba fly lapha ngenxa ukungqubuzana nenye into, bephushelwa ngaphandle kwendawo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukulokho siyashintsha ukuze ushiya ibhande elisemkhathini.

izindandatho ezengeziwe

The main elisemkhathini ibhande akayedwa. Ngezinye usiko yangaphandle ezibekwe ezimbili ezifanayo imfundo kodwa kancane umxhwele. Enye yalezi izindandatho itholakala ngqo emzileni uJupiter imelelwa amaqembu amabili lezinto:

• 'AmaGreki' ngaphambi igesi giant cishe 60º;
• "Trojans" ngemuva inani elifanayo degrees.

Isici nobuntu lezi zindikimba kuyinto ukuzinza ukunyakaza kwabo. Kungenzeka ngenxa indawo asteroyidi e "Lagrange amaphuzu", okuyinto kuhambisana nalo lonke ithonya okudonsa kulezi izinto.

Naphezu ukusondela kolwesiNgisi uMhlaba, ibhande elisemkhathini kuyinto insufficiently ifundelwe futhi uphethe eziningi eziyimfihlakalo. Eyokuqala yalezi, yebo, kusukelaphi zemizimba elincane esimisweni sonozungezilanga. Kukhona isiphakamiso kulokhu, nakuba zizwakala obukholisayo ngokwanele, thina, + angakawamukeli isiqinisekiso ecacile.

Phakamisa imibuzo ezinye izici isakhiwo asteroyidi. It is, eyaziwa isibonelo, ukuthi ngisho ibhande izinto ezihlobene ezicini ezithile kuhluke kakhulu nomunye. Ucwaningo we izici asteroyidi nendabuko yabo kuyadingeka kokubili ukuze uqonde izenzakalo ezandulela kumiswa isimiso sonozungezilanga siyazi, futhi ukuze kwakhiwe-mbono eziphathelene izinqubo ezenzeka ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni yonke, esikhathini izinhlelo zabanye izinkanyezi.