Ukumelana umfutholuketshezi - kanye ukugeleza kuyoba?

Uma noma iyiphi inhlangano okwenzeka amandla ukulahlekelwa - Nokho ketshezi iphayiphi yize kuzoba imoto, nakuba le ndiza,. Njalo ingxenye amandla ichithwa sokunqoba ukunyakaza ukumelana. Ukwehla ingcindezi liquid kuthathwe ukunquma indlela yokumelana ukugeleza. Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama ukumelana anjalo - zendawo komugqa. Endaweni elihlobene ne ukulahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi ama-valve, isango valve, amajika, kwanda nokuncipha kuphindwe tube.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthombo ukulahlekelwa njalo viscosity uketshezi. ukulahlekelwa lendawo noma ukugeleza ukumelana ukubala ifomula kabani nemingcele elihlobene ne-valve, namapayipi valve, kuchazwe isu elikhethekile. Kodwa ukulahlekelwa umugqa kukhona incike uhlobo uketshezi ogeleza ipayipi.

Ucwaningo oluthile loketshezi ukugeleza imibuso olwenziwa Reynolds ngo-1883. Kulezi izifundo sasivame ukusakaza amanzi kulo upende ingezwe, e ngamapayipi ingilazi futhi angase ubunjalo upende namanzi ukunyakaza uyalandelwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngo nesilinganiso ingcindezi, velocity ingcindezi uketshezi.

Eyokuqala ukunyakaza imodi laligujwa at ongaphakeme amanzi velocity. Kulokhu, Uyinki namanzi kungukuthi yayihlangana futhi siqhubekele ndawonye eduze tube. Izinga kanye ingcindezi at njalo phakathi nalesi sikhathi. ukugeleza okunjalo uketshezi libizwa laminar.

Uma ijubane ukunyakaza iyokwanda kwekulu iphethini zako motion yoshintsho uketshezi. A jet inki uqala ukuyaluza emhlabeni ipayipi ivolumu kuzobonakala vortex-kwetinhlavu kanye ukujikeleza uketshezi. Amanani kulinganiswa we velocity yokucindezela uketshezi uqale pulsate. ngokunyakaza okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi zeziyaluyalu. Uma ukugeleza izinga kuyehla, ukugeleza laminar kubuyiselwa futhi.

Ngo laminar ukugeleza uketshezi wokubacindezela ukumelana incane, ngenkathi yezinxushunxushu kakhulu ngaphezulu. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukucaciseleka ukuthi kukhona ukulahleka kokukhuhlana odongeni ipayipi. Ijubane nge laminar flow odongeni tube incane futhi maximal esikhungweni ukugeleza, kodwa ukugeleza kwamanzi ihamba kahle kuwo wonke tube. Ngo zeziyaluyalu ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa ezinyakazayo okwenzeka vimbela ukunyakaza yamanzi kanye ezengeziwe ukugeleza ukumelana.

Kunenye lomkhuba okuyinto enomthelela ukulahlekelwa. ibizwa ngokuthi cavitation. Cavitation kwenzeka esimweni lapho ketshezi ageleza lapho kukhona bottleneck e ipayipi. Khona-ke, ngesikhathi isikhundla kanye nokunyakaza isivinini uyanda, ngokuvumelana nesimiso Bernoulli sika, ingcindezi incipha. Ingcindezi encishisiwe kubangela Ukukhetha ukuthi iqala amagesi ziyoncibilika ketshezi futhi amanzi uqala ubilise ngaleso lokushisa yamanje.

Ngemva kokudlulisa umncane ukugeleza Isivinini incipha futhi ingcindezi kwandisa ukubila iphele. Cavitation kubangela ukulahlekelwa eyengeziwe ngenxa yendawo laminar ukugeleza thuthuva. Ngokwejwayelekile kwenzeka ama-valve, isango valve nezinye izingosi ezinjalo. into enjalo ubhekwa engathandeki kakhulu, ngoba It kungalimaza lonke uhlelo iphayiphi.

Ngakho, it is abafinyelele kulelo ukumelana ukugeleza - umqondo okuyinto kunqunywa izici eziningana. Lezi zihlanganisa netimphawu teluhlakasimo lweSitatimende uhlelo iphayiphi (ubude, amajika, ama-valve futhi valve), kuhlanganise impahla kusukela lapho ipayipi. Ukulahlekelwa sithinta uhlamvu ketshezi. Kuyasiza ukuba siqonde lokho kufanele kube uhlelo iphayiphi nokufanele sikugweme kuhleliswa kanye msebenzi.

Ukuthunyelwa kubhekwa into ezifana ukumelana ukugeleza ngenhlonipho ohlelweni iphayiphi. Incazelo izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukugeleza uketshezi nokuziphatha yayo amapayipi.