Zokuphefumula syncytial igciwane: izimbangela, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, imiphumela

Zokuphefumula igciwane syncytial kuyingxenye iqembu izifo babazi okwenzeka ezithinta inombolo kahle esikhulu sabantu ogxile esemncane. Abaneminyaka ukuthatha indawo eyisisekelo phakathi elinegciwane. Uma abadala lesi sifo eligcizelela ukubukeka kwangaphandle, izingane ingaqala eziyingozi.

definition

Lena igciwane elibangela zokuphefumula ipheshana izifo. Usongo wukuthi kuba nzima ukuhlonza ngoba kulula kudidaniswe komkhuhlane. Okwamanje awukho umuthi wokugoma iye kodwa lakhiwe, ngakho lesi sifo ngezinye izikhathi ebulalayo. Ngo esibhedlela senziwa ukubukeka ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, isifuba somoya kanye kuzwakala.

omsakazo

Zokuphefumula igciwane syncytial bagxila kule cytoplasm, ngemva yokuvuthwa iqala luthela ku ulwelwesi. It kungokwalabo Paramyxoviridae umndeni futhi iyona kuphela omele amalungu aleli qembu, okungase kubangele ukugula okungathí sina. Nakuba kufa ezihlukahlukene ezinye heterogeneity antigenic, ukuhlukahluka ezihlobene ngokuyinhloko omunye glycoproteins eziningana, kodwa ukubaluleka epidemiological futhi emtholampilo lomehluko akucacile. Ukutheleleka lukhula eziningi cell amasiko, okubangela kumiswa syncytia ejwayelekile.

izizathu

Zokuphefumula igciwane syncytial kuyinto izifo womuntu, okuyinto wadluliselwa amaconsi sisemoyeni. Bayakwazi ngegciwane kokubili abantu abagulayo kanye nabezindaba. Isici kukhona collective nokuqubuka nomndeni amacala ukutheleleka nosocomial zalotshwa, ngokuvamile ezibhedlela ezingane. Ukubhebhetheka ngale ndlela kuvamile futhi avame anganqamuki ebusika kanye entwasahlobo. I ezifweni enkulu ebonwe ezinezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye 4-5 iminyaka engu-3. Lapho esemncane kakhulu izingane ithwala lesi sifo, njengoba eminye waphawula amasosha omzimba lezivakashi, ngokuvamile atholakala amacala okuphindiwe isifo, kuphela aqedwe ngaphezulu. Nokho, emva ukunyamalala okuphelele umzimba omzimba (Iga), zokuphefumula igciwane syncytial kungaba ivele.

It zisakazekela sisondelene nabantu elinegciwane. . Kuye sikuhlaziye wathola ukuthi uma umuntu ogulayo ethimula, ama-bacterium chithi kalula 1.8 m Leli qembu kwamagciwane angaphila ngezandla imizuzu engu-30, futhi ngale ndaba - amahora ambalwa.

Pathogenesis ukutheleleka kakhulu efana umkhuhlane futhi parainfluenza ukuthuthukiswa indlela, njengoba elihlobene ne ukuhamba isifo epithelium yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula. Usebenzela zingene ipheshana zokuphefumula, kanye eyinhloko iqala ukukhiqizwa kabusha ku cytoplasm we nasopharynx bese ufinyelela kuzo ze- bronchi. Kuleli qophelo, kukhona Hyperplasia kwamaseli abathintekayo kanye symplasts. Lesi senzakalo ahambisana constriction we bronchioles futhi hypersecretion ukuthi kamuva kuholela ukuvaleka kwabo isikhwehlela obukhulu. Khona-ke ukuthuthukiswa ukutheleleka kunqunywa degree of ukunamathela semvelo sezimila nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula.

izimpawu

Zokuphefumula igciwane syncytial, okuyinto microbiology liyinkimbinkimbi futhi nzima ukuhlonza, lesi sifo singumbulali kwentwasahlobo ebusika.

Kuze kube manje hhayi wachaza ukuthi kungani kuthinta aphansi ipheshana zokuphefumula ezinganeni nakubantu abadala phezulu.

Ezinganeni, lesi sifo iqala imfiva, umphimbo ezinzima obukhulu futhi amakhala yisisu. Ngokushesha exhunywe nezinye izimpawu abafana somoya. Lesifo libhekene izici ezilandelayo:

- iphika (angaphezu kuka-40 umoya ngeminithi);
- bluish ibala (cyanosis);
- abukhali nokukhwehlela njalo;
- lokushisa eliphezulu;
- ezimanikiniki ukuphefumula engalingani;
- uphawu croupous;
- nomoya shrill futhi kwesifuba;
- ingathiyeki zibangelwa ukuphefumula.

Lower zokuphefumula ipheshana izifo zenzeka lapho bronchioles zigcwala. Uma okwamanje isiguli izinkinga umoya-mpilo, qiniseka xhumana nodokotela usizo lwezokwelashwa olusheshayo. Lezi zifo zivame kakhulu izingane ezingaphansi konyaka, futhi ngokushesha eziya ziba zimbi.

ngezigaba

Kunezindlela eziningana zici, okungase libhekene zokuphefumula syncytial igciwane, okuyilezi:

- ejwayelekile - ukuthuthukisa rhinitis, laryngitis, inyumoniya, nasopharyngitis, bronhilit, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, segmental edema yamaphaphu futhi otitis abezindaba;
- atypical - esilufifi noma isifo asymptomatic.

Kukhona 3 izinhlobo eziyinhloko zendalo sifo.

1. Easy, kwenzeka kaningi abadala izingane zesikole. Sibonisa njengoba nasopharyngitis omnene, nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula is hhayi waphawula. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa emzimbeni uhlala evamile noma ukhushulelwa kancane, kodwa degrees ezimbalwa nje. Izimpawu lokudakwa bengekho nhlobo.

2. Lokulingene ukuze ezinzima, kungenzeka owabona izimpawu Ukucinana kwemigudu yomoya emaphashini oyingozi noma bronchiolitis ephelezelwa syndrome obstructive nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula. Isiguli likhona, cyanosis temlomo na iphika. Uma ingane igula, kungenzeka ukubuyisa kakhulu, ukuwozela, ningakhathazeki noma ucobekile. Ngokuvamile uthole ukwanda omncane isibindi noma ubende. Amazinga ngokuvamile aphakeme, kodwa kuyenzeka futhi ezijwayelekile. Kukhona ukudakwa ngokulinganisela.

3. Heavy, ngalesi sikhathi ukuthuthukisa bronchiolitis kanye ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula obstructive. Kukhona ukuntuleka enamandla emoyeni lapho angasiza i imaskhi umoyampilo. Noises kuzwakala kulandeleke nezamanje a ubuthi evelele kanye nokwenyuka oqinile sesibindi ubende.

Ngu nenqubo gravity ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

- ukutholakala izinguquko zasendaweni;
- kunzima nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula.

Ngu ubunjalo ukugeleza:

- bushelelezi - kube nezinkinga ezibangelwa amagciwane;
- hhayi bushelelezi - ukubukeka pneumonia, sinusitis futhi otitis ubovu.

indaba

Zokuphefumula igciwane syncytial, ogama izimpawu kungenziwa zididaniswe nezinye izifo zihlonzwe ngo-1956 nguDkt Morris. Wayelethwa ubukele chimpanzee, ababetholakala rhinitis, ithole igciwane elisha futhi abize lokhu ngokuthi PAS - Chimpanzeecoriraagent (agent causative we-chimpanzee umkhuhlane). Ngesikhathi Ukuhlola abasebenzi nesineke abanakekela nenkawu, ke laligujwa ukwanda amasosha omzimba kufana kakhulu igciwane.

Ngo-1957, R. Chenok labelwe pathogen efanayo ezinganeni elinegciwane kunquma ukuthi nguye icala excitation Ukucinana kwemigudu yomoya emaphashini kanye nenyumoniya. Ngemva kwalokho kuze kube manje ososayensi wangaphumelela uzama ukuthuthukisa wokugoma.

ukuhlola

Inchazelo basemtholampilo inkinga isifo, ngenxa yokufana nezinye izifo. Kubantu abadala, avame ubuswa izimpawu Ukucinana kwemigudu yomoya emaphashini kanye nenyumoniya. Ngo izifundo laboratory usebenzisa izindlela serological ukuthi ukuthola omzimba titer. Uma kudingekile, udokotela inikeza ethize X ray nakuma-ukuhlolwa laboratory, isibonelo, virological test swabs nasopharyngeal.

Ukwelapha

Iziguli kwatholakala ukuthi une-zokuphefumula igciwane syncytial, impatho sikhishwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze aqinise umzimba. Umbhede ukuphumula Kunconywa yonke inkathi exacerbation. Esibhedlela kuboniswa izingane ezifweni ezimbi, izingane ubudala zasenkulisa nge Isisindo esivamile nabantu abagade ukuxakeka. Kufanele unikeze Ukudla okufanele iminyaka. Kufanele zibandakanya athutha nemnene amakhemikhali ukudla, gcwalisa ezihlukahlukene izakhi trace kanye amavithamini.

Futhi olwenziwa ukwelashwa esiyimbangela, okuyinto libhekene ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifana leukocyte interferon womuntu, "Anaferon", "Grippferon" futhi "Viferon". Ngo amafomu ezinzima, kutuswa ukuba zibhale "immunoglobulin" futhi "Ribavirin", ngentengo yalo kuhluka ruble 240-640, kuncike umthamo. Ngokuphelele kusiza ukuvimbela ukubonakala imiphumela Ukucinana kwemigudu yomoya emaphashini izidakamizwa "Sinagis". Uma Kutholwe yezinkinga ezibangelwa amagciwane, ekubonisa ukwelashwa imithi elwa nawo.

isimiso bronchial isuswe kahle ukwelashwa lingaze futhi pathogenetic. Kulokhu, sebenzisa i imaskhi yomoya-mpilo ukuphefumula, kwenza kube lula ukuba izimpawu ezinamandla futhi lula moya.

Dispensary observation kudinga ukuxakeka. Ngemva inyumoniya Kunconywa ukuhlolwa emva 1, 3, 6 no-12 izinyanga ukuqedela yokutakula. ukuhlola Zokuzivikela kuyadingeka emva ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula yansukuzonke kanye Bamiswa ngemva isichibiyelo. Uma kudingeka, it is wavakashela ngokuxhumana Udokotela awe-aleji noma Pulmonologist, futhi ukuhlolwa laboratory wenza.

ukwelapha ezinganeni

Izingane bagule nzima njalo, futhi imiphumela sibucayi kakhulu kunenkinga e abadala, ngakho ukwelashwa kufanele kube olunzulu futhi olunzulu.

antivirals:

- "Ribavirin", intengo izidakamizwa, njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambili - luyatholakala, ngakho kakhulu akazange hit ekhukhwini abazali;
- futhi evame ukunikezwa "Arbidol", "Inosine", "Tiloran" futhi "pranobex".

ukwelashwa Syndromical kudinga kwenziwe ngokuvumelana yezifiso afanele ekwelapheni ukwehluleka oyingozi zokuphefumula, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye croup syndrome.

Basic yokwelapha antihomotoxic:

- "Flu-Heel", "Engystol" (esetshenziswa wesifunda ukuqalisa);
- "Euforbiumkompozitum C" (spray acinene);
- "Limfomiozot".

Ngaphezu kwalokho:

- "Viburkol" (suppositories rectal);
- "Echinacea kompozitum C" (ampoules);
- "Angin-Heel S";
- "Traumel C" (amaphilisi).

Konke lokhu amathuluzi asiza ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba kahle zokuphefumula igciwane syncytial ezinganeni.

izinyathelo kuqala

Ukuze ngokushesha ukunqoba lesi sifo, udinga ukusabela ngendlela efanele avele izimpawu, ukuze zithole usizo oludingekayo uma isidingo.

1. Funa usizo lwezempilo liyadingeka uma umntwana omncane SARS izimpawu, okungukuthi umphimbo obuhlungu, amakhala yisisu futhi kwesifuba ezinzima.
2. edingekayo ngokuthi ambulensi, uma kukhona ukushisa, umsindo okukhulu, ukuphefumula wasebenza esimweni esasivamile ezinzima.

Edingeka ukubhekana odokotela abanjalo, njenge Therapist, futhi izifo ezithathelwanayo.

yezinkinga

ukonakaliswa ipheshana zokuphefumula has a zokuphefumula syncytial igciwane. Imiphumela kuvame izifo, njengoba angajoyina yesibili flora amagciwane abangela izifo ezifana:

- sinusitis;
- abezindaba otitis;
- ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula,
- i-pneumonia,
- bronchiolitis.

zokuvimbela

Zonke izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kunzima ukwelapha ngoba ngokuvamile izimpawu zabo afihliwe. Omunye izinyathelo iyona ekuhlonzweni kwezifo kanye kwemihlambi iziguli ukuqedela ekusimameni. Phakathi nobhadane izifo ezifana ngokukhethekile ku-akhawunti izinyathelo yokuhlanzeka. Emaqenjini nezibhedlela zezingane bamenyiwe egqoke umkhuhlane buso for abasebenzi. Izinsana ngempela futhi ehlelekile disinfected izandla usebenzisa izixazululo alikhali.

Ukuze izinyathelo zokuvimbela eziphuthumayo foci ukutheleleka zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifana "Anaferon", "Viferon", "Imunal" futhi ezihlukahlukene inducers ka interferon endogenous.

Immunoprophylaxis kuhlanganisa izindlela ezifana "Motavizubam", "RESPIGHI" futhi "Palivizubam".

wokugoma

Kuze kube manje, kukhona isungule isakhi ezokwenza ukusivikela lesifo. Creation kuyinto okhuthele, ucwaningo ziye zenziwa kusukela ngawo-1960, ngemva kwalokho ketshezi is inactivated nge formalin futhi alum wavinjezelwa. wokugoma okunjalo kubangelwa ukwakheka evelele of serum amasosha omzimba, nakuba umphumela isicelo, ihlolwe athuthukile ukugula okungathí sina ngokwengeziwe. Phila izingxenye attenuated sibangele lezi zimpawu zokugula akuzona mnandi kakhulu noma ibe igciwane efanayo, kuphela zasendle-hlobo. Kuze kube manje, ucabangela indlela zokuhlanjululwa omzimba ngokumelene subunit ka omunye amaprotheni surface noma amaseli attenuated, bese bezama ukuzijwayeza ukuba emakhazeni.