Litmus test kuyinto amakhemikhali-iphathwa akhiphe litmus ephepheni. Isetshenziselwa ukucacisa degree asidi noma ayinayo imvelo. Ngaphambi litmus paper elifakwe steel, lalisetshenziswa kuphela kube inkomba kanye reagent zamakhemikhali. Okokuqala sisetshenziswe njengesigungu sokufaka inkomba litmus Alchemist Spanish Arnaldo de Vilanova cishe 1300g. Le into odabuka yemvelo, ke lisuselwa ulele.
Ukuhlolwa litmus - kuyinto inkomba acid-base, elisesifundeni naphakathi esidi bomvu, futhi ane-alikhali - blue. Kuye ukushuba umbala yena esebenzisa isikali okhethekile, ukucacisa pH. Inkomba pH noma pH yisikali ambalwa of isilinganiso emanzini ka H + futhi OH- ukuthi akhiwa lapho dissociation amanzi. Ekamelweni lokushisa isixazululo hlangothi, pH 7, e-pH-esidi <7, ane-alikhali pH> 7.
Litmus iphepha elisetshenziswa umkhuba indlela kahle kulula: une ulithathe eyodwa ekupheleni bacwilisa in uketshezi naphakathi nezinye. Akubalulekile futhi bekungamelwe niziyeke iphepha ezijulile ketshezi. Umphumela ubonakala ngokushesha: ULwesithathu eyehlisiwe onqenqemeni noma izinguquko umbala noma cha. Khona-ke, lokhu ephepheni uqhathaniswa amagugu ejwayelekile, okuyinto imali njengoba isikali on the tube noma kwi isembozo lapho kwakukhona ukukhanya. ukuhlolwa litmus ubhekwa inkomba jikelele, njengoba uyisebenzisa lungacacisa degree kanye asidi ayinayo of the medium.
Le nkomba zingenziwa futhi ekhaya ngemva kokuchitha ubuncane isikhathi nemali. Uzodinga obomvu, oluhlaza noma iklabishi purple, zokuhlunga noma plain white paper. Iklabishi kudingeka grate, ubilise imizuzu 30-35, bese sokukhipha ngawakhamela ngobumnene. Iklabishi ngokwayo ngeke isidingo ayisekho, futhi umhluzi okuholela ukubeka emapheshana usike ngephepha. Ngemva iphepha ugcwala, uyisuse futhi yomile. Gcina lokhu isidingo iphepha ukuze ome iziqukathi, kude nelanga. Ngokusebenzisa inkomba ezifana self-ezenziwe kufanele bacabangele ukuthi inika inkudlwana Iphutha nesilinganiso ngaphandle endaweni yokukhanda.
Ukuhlolwa litmus kalula yayo ukusetshenziswa nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa e kwencazelo pH iye kabanzi hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi ucwaningo chemical ezikoleni kanye laboratories emitholampilo, kodwa futhi ekhaya. Ngakho, noma imuphi umuntu kalula, usebenzisa litmus paper, inani pH singabeka eminye uketshezi begazi, izixazululo, Izingxube - ngamathe, umchamo, ubisi lwebele, namanzi, insipho, njll Amapharamitha pH uketshezi lomzimba kuyadingeka ukuze ukulawula e izifo ezithize. Njengoba litmus test is kabanzi abatshali ikhaya ukucacisa degree asidi ayinayo inhlabathi. Kungenzeka ukuyisebenzisa ukucacisa pH izimonyo, ikakhulukazi labo esetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba, kusukela Kungakuhle kufanele hlangothi.