Ukhuni Petrified: izakhiwo kanye nezicelo

ukhuni Petrified - a izakhiwo kusuka izihlahla okhule ku-epoch Geological esidlule. "Curiosities" okunjalo ongamtshela eziningi. Banikezwe yobudala kwezihlahla, ngosizo lwabo kungenzeka ukulandelela ukuvela uhlobo oluthile lomuthi izitshalo, ufunde mayelana nesikhathi ekukhuleni kwabo futhi isimo salo sezulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.

Njengoba inqubo izihlahla ngiphelile

doti bok kwamane kwaphumela ekubhujisweni kwabo, basuke kusetshenzwe nezilwanyana ezincane ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo. Lokhu kwenzeka endabeni ukufinyelela emoyeni. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, izihlahla abafileyo bengeke phansi ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ungcwatshwe ngaphansi inhlabathi (umlotha wentaba-mlilo, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze, moraine glacial, njll), Ukuvimbela ukugeleza komoya-mpilo. Ugodo okuholela akuyona ichithekile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa esikhundleni of omile izinto ezivela ezintweni eziphilayo namaminerali. Izakhiwo kwesihlahla washintsha ngokuphelele, futhi ephenduka ibe impahla aminyene kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside.

Ezimweni eziningi, organic izinkuni izicubu esikhundleni amaminerali, Silica (ukhuni silicified). Ngokuyinhloko -ke yilona Itshe Eliyigugu, chalcedony noma asebenza ngebhethri. izinsalela zamathambo okunjalo kubuyise isakhiwo yokwakheka izinkuni. Ngaphansi ngokuvamile, ungathola okuthiwa marbleized ukhuni, kakhulu esikhundleni namaminerali okuyizinto dolomite, calcite noma siderite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhi esikhundleni kungaba Gypsum, barite, jet nokunye. Kukhona namaminerali engaphezu kwengu-60 Kuhlanganisani kumiswa zamathambo bok.

I izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ukhuni ngiphelile

I amaminerali libhekene ingilazi noma ayebuthaka waxy, ukwa conchoidal, ukungabi cleavage. Nobulukhuni izinkuni lukhuni, kuncike substituent wamaminerali ku ezahlukene 4 kuya ku-6 ku- i-Mohs esikalini. Umuntu angathola okwabonwa usike izingxenye kakhulu ezahlukene isakhiwo nombala.

samanje Ngenxa e inhlabathi noma ukungcola emanzini Petrified impahla bangase babe nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene imibala. Ngakho, i-carbon ukunika umuthi black umbala; yensimbi oxide - obomvu, ophuzi noma onsundu ngaphansi; ithusi, i-chromium futhi ayibe - oluhlaza noma blue; Manganese - orange noma pink; manganese oxide - black noma ophuzi.

Phakathi kwemithi omile kungatholakala, futhi AmaConifers futhi hardwoods. AmaConifers zihlanganisa fossilization of amber inclusions.

ukuhlukahluka textural

Izinkuni usebhekene fossilization, ungase ube ukuthungwa ehlukene. Isizathu salokhu kuyinto izinto eziningi. Ake sicabangele ezihlukahlukene textural ukhuni ekhona ngiphelile, kanye efanele kwamiswa kuwo.

izinsalela zamathambo eyohlobo

Bahlanganisa izinhlobo zinezikhathi isakhiwo kakhulu iyunifomu lowehlukile. Stone kuboniswa ngokucacile yi nokuklanywa ngenxa ukuhlukanisa phakathi umbala isihlahla izindandatho, kodwa kuphela khona imigqa ukuthi zivinjelwe. Omele aziwa kakhulu ase-leli qembu zamathambo okubizwa ngokuthi Itshe Eliyigugu ukhuni, obonisa umbala ukukhanya kakhulu (kungaba awube mhlophe) nezitolo ngokuvamile isakhiwo yabo eyinhloko.

ukhuni Petrified: lens ukuthungwa

Lokhu ukuthungwa eba inqubo ngokugcwalisa amaseli esikhulu ezimbotsheni ukhuni chalcedony, Itshe Eliyigugu nensimbi hydroxides. I lens zinezikhathi orientation komugqa. Kwezinye izimo, wayegcizelela yensimbi hydroxide, ukuthuthukisa kanye imizila efanayo.

isihlahla zinamabala

Kuyinto owande kakhulu izinkuni bethukile. Libhekene Itshe Eliyigugu-chalcedony Ukwakheka nge admixture eningi yensimbi hydroxides. Isilinganiso kulezi zingxenye ezintathu kuyinto variable, futhi lokhu kuchaza engalingani Umbala nezinala futhi ukuthungwa amaminerali. Ngezinye izikhathi zokubona kubangelwa ukhuni izinsalela, okuyinto ingena esikhundleni chalcedony, nokugcina iseli ukuma phezu isizinda mass Itshe Eliyigugu. a coloration okunjalo esivela itshe, kuhlanganise shades ezahlukene ensundu.

Concentrically zoned ukhuni ngiphelile

Ukuze uthole impahla libhekene alternation Opal noma chalcedony, Itshe Eliyigugu bands eyindilinga kokuba imibala ehlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe ukugcizelela esibonelweni yonyaka isihlahla amasongo cross-section. kwesigaba longitudinal has a komugqa ukuthungwa banded ukuthi impela ngokucacile.

Gagatovidnoe petrification

Lokhu ukhuni bethukile has carbon-carbon-Itshe Eliyigugu noma okuqanjiwe carbonate. Lines izindandatho yonyaka eshiwo ngokucacile futhi yakha eyindilinga (eyindilinga inamagquma amasayithi) iphethini. Ngokwe-izimfanelo zokuhlobisa black wood bethukile iqhathaniswa jade omnyama noma gagate.

Ukuphi izinsalela zezihlahla

Ngokuvamile izihlahla bethukile zitholakala ezindaweni lapho kwakukhona nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo. Indawo edume kakhulu ukutholakala kwale nto esiyingqayizivele - okubizwa ngokuthi "Petrified Ihlathi", etholakala isimo Arizona futhi ingenye zokulondolozwa e-United States (kusukela 1962). Ubude imiphini lukhuni ifinyelela 65 m, ububanzi - 3 m.

Kukhona nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho ezifakwa izinkuni ngiphelile, okuyinto zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke futhi ezinkulu emahlathini wezinsalela zamandulo zitholakala e-Argentina, eBrazil, Belgium, Greece, Canada, India, eNew Zealand, e-Russia, e-Ukraine, Czech Republic, Georgia, Armenia, nabanye. Ezindaweni Ziningi zokulondolozwa noma izikhumbuzo zemvelo.

Izicelo ukhuni Petrified

ukhuni Petrified - itshe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi impahla eluhlaza womshini ubucwebe. Isidingo kubo sisalokhu siphakeme nasesikhathini samanje. Leli tshe zokuhlobisa kahle kakhulu ngayo. It is kahle ukusika, phansi futhi yona-iphucuziwe, ngenxa yokuzuza uhlobo ayebuthaka lwengilazi. Ngo kucutshungulwa ukhuni ilahlekelwa ukuthungwa yayo.

Izinhlobonhlobo ukhuni bethukile kokuba isibonelo esihle okungafani esetshenziselwa yokukhiqiza ifaka nezinto zokuhloba naphakathi, ezifana isibonelo njengoba imigexo, namasongo, nokunye. Ikakhulukazi ezibalulekile siyitshe zokuhlobisa nge abahlukene yonyaka izindandatho imigqa. Ngo womshini imigexo amasampula enjalo ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe izinsimbi eziyigugu, amanye amatshe ingilazi.

Futhi, ukhuni bethukile isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto eziyizikhumbuzo ehlukahlukene izinto umhlobiso ingaphakathi. Kungaba amapeni izitsha zomlotha kagwayi, isitsha sezimbali, amabhokisi, emashalofini, countertops nokuningi. Ukuze womshini izihloko ezifana evame ukusetshenziswa impahla ngokuncane abahlukene zonal nokuba nezinala noma striated krupnopyatnisty umdvwebo. Stone is ayazise zobuciko, kulokho engu-kwezihlahla izigidi zeminyaka.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukhuni bethukile ubhekwa impahla ukuthi anezakhi ezikhethekile kwezokwelapha. Kuyasiza umuntu ukubhekana nokucindezeleka futhi ziphathelene ukucindezeleka, esandisa ubungqabavu umzimba, ivikela ezifweni futhi ukulimala. Ngokusho imithi yendabuko, ufe ezenziwe ngokhuni ngiphelile, ukwazi umzimba ukuze ngidambise izinhlungu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wena nje kufanele silisebenzise endaweni obuhlungu. Umuthi-Mongolian kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo Arthritis futhi izifo efana emalungeni isicelo ukhuni bethukile (ngesimo amapuleti) kusukela Gobi Desert.