Kuyini ukuxhumeka kwe-flange? Izinhlobo zoxhumano lwamagundane. Ukuxhumana okuhlangene embonini

Ukuxhumeka kwe-flange kuvame ukusetshenziswa embonini. Kumele baqiniseke ubuqotho namandla ebhodini elihlangene. Indima yokuxhumeka kwekhwalithi ibalulekile, ngoba isibopho esibucayi singabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu futhi kusongele abasebenzi basevisi. Into esemqoka yokuxhumeka yi-flange. Le ngxenye i-disc yensimbi futhi inikeza uxhumano oluqinile nolunamandla olutholakalayo. I-flange ithole isicelo sayo emkhakheni wezokuthutha kwepayipi, amasevisi kamasipala. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza kwayo, kuba yinto ebanzi cishe yonke izakhiwo zamapayipi.

Izinhlobo zamaflangwane

Emipayipi yezobuchwepheshe , inamba enkulu yemiklamo yale ngxenye iye yasungulwa. Zonke izixhumanisi ze flange zinezici ezilandelayo - amaflangane, ama-gaskets, ama-fasteners. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ophethwe kule nunithi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinxenye zepayipi noma ukungezwa kwemishini eyengeziwe kumapayipi. Amagxolo ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlobo kuye ngokuthi imingcele ehlukahlukene. Ngokuklama, bahlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• Okuphelele;
• Mahhala

Umehluko ukhona lokuthi amalangani ahlangene kanye nomzimba ahamba ngokulandelana umthwalo ofanayo. Zakhiwa kanye nesigqoko sokugaya noma ukusika, futhi inhlanganisela ingenziwa nge-welding. Ngokuqondene namahhala, i-disk ehlanganiswe ne-flange edibeneyo noma emkhawulweni wepipi we-flanged. Zombili izinhlobo zinezinkinga zombili nezihlonipho. Amafreyimu amahhala alula ukuhlangana, umklamo wabo wenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa izimbobo ze-studs. Ukungalungi amandla angaphansi nokuqina komuntu kunama-flanges ahlanganisiwe.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaflegi ekusebenziseni okuhlosiwe:

• Ukufakelwa kanye namapayipi. Ukuxhunyaniswa kwamapayipi alolu hlobo kusetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo namagatsha amapayipi, ezokuthutha kanye nezindlu kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi.
• Ukuze izitsha namadivayisi, lezo zinhlanganisela zisetshenziselwa ukuphuza izidakamizwa zamafutha, imishini yokushisa, kanye nezinqolobane zokubhuka.

Amazinga

Zonke izingxube zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo eziningana, kuye ngokuthi i-GOST nokusebenza:

1. Amakhandlela ahlungiwe, enziwe njengeyunithi eyodwa nomzimba. Bangakwazi ukuphonswa ngaphandle kwensimbi noma insimbi.
2. Amacenge ensimbi anezintambo entanyeni. Lolu hlobo lunomsebenzi olinganiselwe futhi lusetshenziselwa kakhulu amapayiphini aphansi.
3. Amakolanga ama-collar. Ziwumkhiqizo owenziwe ngensimbi, etholakala ngokuthungwa kwe-butt. Inhloso yamacenge e-collar ukuxhuma amapayipi anomfutho ophezulu nokuphakathi. Inzuzo yalolu hlobo ukuthi kulula ukuyifaka nokukonga. Uma kuqhathaniswa namafleji aphethwe ngamapulangwe, esiwacabangayo ngephuzu elilandelayo, anciphisa umsebenzi wokukhiqiza ngokulinganiselwa kwama-20% futhi inani le-welding liphindwe kabili.
4. Ama-flange aphethwe phansi. Zenziwe zensimbi futhi uxhumano olunjalo lwe-flanged lusetshenziselwa izinqubo zamapayipi.
5. Amafrimu wamahhala. Lezi zinhlobo zinezici zayo futhi zihlukaniswe zibe ama-subspecies amathathu:

• Ngekholomu, asetshenziselwa amapayipi ngemithombo yezobudlova, lapho ikolera ivikela khona umlenze ngokwawo;
• Kumbhobho we-flanged;
• Ngendandatho ye-weld, asetshenziselwa amapayipi amaminerali angewona abensimbi - ithusi kanye nama-alloys alo, i-aluminium, nensimbi engagqwali;

Izinketho zokukhetha zokuxhumana

1. Ukuma koxhumano lwe flange. Amagxolo angaba nxazonke, ama-oval noma ama-rectangular.
2. Umbandela onemibandela. Ubukhulu bayo buhambisana nesigaba sangaphakathi se-flange, lapho iphakathi lizogeleza khona.
3. Umklamo wokwakha. Le pharamitha ilawula uxhumano lwamagundane, i-GOST 12815-80 ihlanganisa izigaba ezahlukene zokusebenza ezingu-9.
4. Ukucindezela. Ukuxhumeka kungamelana nokucindezela okunemibandela okuphezulu, kuxhomeke ekuklanyeni kanye nobukhulu be-geometri ye-flange. Lepharamitha iphinde inikezwe ngumbhalo ojwayelekile wendabuko.
5. Indaba. Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ensimbi, i-carbon, i-alloy, insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa. Lezi zinto zikhethiwe ngokuhambisana nemvelo esetshenzisiwe. Kungasetshenziswa futhi izinsimbi ezibizayo.

Ukuxhuma kokuxhuma kagesi

Ukuxhumeka kwe-flange okuvimbayo kunombono ohlukile ovela kwezinye izinhlobo futhi kuthatha umsebenzi wokuvimbela ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi, kanye nokuvikelwa ngokumelene nokushisa kwe-electrochemical. Iningi lamapayipi lafakwa ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, azibeki ingozi kulo lonke iphayiphi emnyango, kodwa ayingozi kakhulu endaweni yokuphuma. Umthelela onjalo ungabangela ekubhujisweni kwensimbi, ukwakhiwa kwemifucumfucu kanye nokuvuza kwamanzi okuthutha noma igesi, uxhumano lwe-flange oluhlukanisayo luqinisekisa ukuphepha okudingekayo. Iqukethe ama-flame, ama-gaskets akhethekile, ama-bushings nezinsimbi eziqinile. Sebenzisa lolu xhumano kumacala alandelayo:

• Emngceleni wepayipi nokushintshwa kwayo kusuka kumphakeli kumthengi;
• Lapho uxhumano lwamagayipi we-flange luqinisekisa ukufaniswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ezivela kuzo;
• Emipayipi, ebeka emkhakheni wemithombo yamanzi aphelile;
• Ekuphumeni kwenethiwekhi yamapayipi engasodwa, exhunywe kumbhobho wezingubo ezingavunyelwe;
• Ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi komhlaba iziteshi zokusabalalisa igesi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zoxhumano lwama flange

• Ukulinganisa uxhumano lwamagundane. Banikeza ukuxhumana kwamanethiwekhi emipayipi ngemishini eyengeziwe kanye namadivayisi wokulinganisa.
• Amakhemikhali asebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Ama-node anjalo athola imithwalo eguquguqukayo emisebenzini yokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwabantu namandla, kanye nokuqina, inqwaba yezinto ezibucayi zobuchwepheshe kufanele zigcinwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Ukuphikisana kwezigqoko kwenziwa kancane kancane embuthanweni futhi ngokulandelana okuthile. Amalungu e-flange angaba namandla kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-lens-type gasket. Ukuze usebenzise lolu hlobo lwama-gaskets, kudingekile kuqala ukuba umhlabathi uphelele kanye ne-gaskets namapayipi ngokuqondile. Indlela engcono kakhulu yalolu hlobo ixhunyiwe uxhumano lwe flange. Futhi ingasetshenziswa kanye ne-lens gasket, metal flat.
  Ubukhulu obuningi boxhumano lwe-flange buqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifana nalezi zendiza, njengezethusi noma i-aluminium.

• I-Flange lock. Lokhu kuxhunywa ngokuklanywa ngokugcwele kuhambelana ne-flange, umehluko wukuthi esikhundleni sezinsimbi ezijwayelekile - amabhotela nama-studs, ukuklanywa okukhethekile kusetshenziswa ngesimo somqansa ocindezela ama-flanges bese uqinisa nge-bolts. Ezingxenyeni ezinjalo azikho izimbobo ezilingana nobubanzi bamaflangwane. Loluhlobo lokufakazelwa kahle kulezi zindawo, ezidinga ukuxhumeka kokuxhumeka okusheshayo nokuphindaphindiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kuleli cala kungaba amafleji aphethwe ngamapulangwe noma ukuphela okuphenduliwe kuze kube sekugcineni.

Izibopho ze-Flange

Ukwakhiwa kwezingxube zegceke kuhlale kudingekile. Ukuze ulungise amapayipi, izibopho ezinjengama-bolts, amantongomane, izikhonkwane nama-washers zisetshenziswa. Njengoba uxhumano lwamagayipi lwamapayipi lungumklamo onokwethenjelwa, izidingo zifakwe kuma-fasten ngokuhambisana nemingcele elandelayo:

1. NgoLwesithathu. Kungaba ngonya futhi cha. Ngokusekelwe kule parameter yemvelo, i-fastener ikhethiwe. Ukuze uthole imidiya evuthayo, ukhetho lunikezwa ngensimbi enezindawo ezilwa nokulimaza. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa izembatho ezikhethekile ukuvimbela ukubola.
2. Ukushisa. Lapha, izinga lokushisa ketshezi noma igesi okuzothunyelwa ngaleli bhayibheli, kanye nokushisa kwemvelo yemvelo, nendima. Indaba ngayinye inebanga lokushisa lokusebenza, ngokusho ukuthi umkhiqizo ukhethwe. Uma imvelo ingadluli -30 ° C, amamaki emvelo avamile kungenzeka , ukushisa okushisa kusetshenziselwa ukushisa okuphansi.
3. Ukucindezela. Ukuphakama kwezinga eliphezulu lomshini wokusebenza, ukuphakama kwemigomo esetshenzisiwe kufanele kube yizinto ezisetshenzisiwe, okuvela kuzo izixhumo zokuxhumanisa nge flange.
4. Izinkomba zokuqinisa: uhlobo lwentambo , i-pitch, ubude.
5. Indaba. Insimbi esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwama-fasteners ezinhlangothini zamagceke ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine:

• Insimbi yeCarbon ukuze isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza akufanele lidlule 200 ° C, futhi ububanzi obuphezulu - 48 mm;
• I-carbon carbon, esetshenziselwa imikhiqizo yokunemba okukhulayo, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza alikwazi ukuphakama kune-300 ° C;
• Insimbi ye-Carbon enekhwalithi eyandisiwe, izibopho ezivela kule ndaba zingasebenza emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-450 ° C;
• Insimbi ye-alloy, enezinto zokushisa ezingenakuphikiswa nokulwa nokubhujiswa.

Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kokuqinisa

Ukuzikhethela kokuzibophezela kungenxa yemingcele engenhla, kodwa kukhona ukulinganiselwa okunye:

1. Ama-fasteners asebenzayo ngcindezi yokusebenza efika ku-25 kgf / cm ayinqunyelwe ekukhethweni komkhiqizo womkhiqizo. Ngokuqondene nokucindezela okungaphezu kwalesi sibalo, izikhonkwane zokuxhumeka kwamagxolo kuphela zingasetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bolts akuvumelekile.
2. Ibanga lensimbi ye-"pairpin-nut" yombili ingahle ikhethwe njengefana, noma ihlukile. Uma kunesisetshenziswa esisodwa esisetshenziswayo, amandla e-nut kufanele abe ngaphansi kwamandla we-stud ngamayunithi angu-20.

Kukhona ikhodi ekhethekile ye-GOST yokuxhumeka kwe-flange, ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso ezibizwa ngokuthi i-fastener ezikhethiwe. Ukukhethwa kwezilinganiso kuncike ekucindezelekeni kokusebenza okuzobekwa khona isikhala.

Amabhasikidi

Le ngxenye ixhuma uxhumano lwe-flange ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukulingana okudingekayo phakathi kwamaflegi. Ama-Gaskets ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokwemigomo ethile. Kuye ngokuthi izinto ezenziwe kuzo, lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa:

• I-Metal;
• Okungekho-metallic;
• Kuhlangene.

Ukusabalalisa ama-gaskets ngokuqina:

• Ukweqa;
• Kunzima.

Lo mhlaba ubeka izinto ezivela kuzo lapho kuhlanganiswa khona ukufakelwa kwamagxolo. Ukunwebeka kuyatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezihlanganisiwe nezingezona zensimbi. I-gaskets eningi kakhulu i-metallic, kanye ne-nonmetallic, etholakala ezintweni ezifana ne-fiber, i-raber enzima, i-paronite, njll.

Izici zokuklama ze-gaskets

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-gasket for flange uxhumano ahlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• Flat (kungaba kokubili metallic, non-metallic futhi ehlanganisiwe), asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nge flat flat. Ububanzi bangaphakathi be-gaskets flat kufanele kube mkhulu kunomkhawulo wamapayipi ngo-1-3 mm.
• Iziphazamisi zensiza zenziwe nge-carbon and alloy steels, zingamabili ziqinile futhi ziqiniswe.
• I-oval inikeza uphawu olunokwethenjelwa, kuyilapho umthwalo we-bolts ulinganiselwe. Ukuxhumana komkhiqizo we-gasket kwenzeka emjikelezweni wangaphakathi nangaphakathi ne-flange. Izinto ezikhona kulezi zitshalo yi-carbon noma insimbi engenasici.
• Ama-gaskets ahlotshaniswa angaba yensimbi non-metallic. Zenziwe ngeshidi elincanyana lethusi, lensimbi elithambile, njengento engeyona yensimbi isetshenziswa ikhadibhodi le-asbestos noma iphepha. Ububanzi bangaphakathi buhambisana nobubanzi bendwangu, kanti ububanzi obungaphandle buqondiswa ukuhlelwa kwe-bolts.
• I-Spiral ibhekisela kumagesi e-elastic. Le gasket iqukethe izinto ezintathu - ingxenye yokuvuthwa kanye namasongo amabili okuvimbela.
• Amathekethi afakwe ngamanzi, izinto ezivela kulezi ziphazamisi zensimbi ephansi noma ehlanganisiwe. Uxhumano lwe-flange oluhlanganisiwe nalolu hlobo lwe-gaskets lungasebenza emazingeni okushisa angadluli angu-480 ° C.

Ukubalwa koxhumo lwamagange

Ngemuva kokunquma uhlobo lomcengezi, kuye ngezinhloso zalo, uhlobo lwemikhiqizo ye-gasket, kanye nezinto ezivela kulo mkhiqizo, abaqambi bakhetha ukulinganisa okudingekayo kwendima ngamatafula akhethekile. Zethulwa kuma-GOST afanayo. Naphezu kokuthi ama-flange ayingxenye ejwayelekile, kaningi kunesidingo sokwakhiwa komkhiqizo ngamunye. Uhlelo lokubala lubandakanya izinto ezilandelayo:

1. Ukubalwa kwamapulangwe epulasitiki ngaphansi kwemikhono, lokhu kusebenza kumakhemikhali asebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nezingcindezi.
2. Ukubheka i-Akhawunti yesikhashana sokuguqa kwangaphandle esivela emthwalweni we-bolts. Le parameter inquma izici zamandla ze-flange.
3. Ukubalwa kokucindezeleka okuvelayo, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe.
4. Ukukhethwa kwebhokisi le-bolt, kuchazwe ngokungalungile leli pharamitha kungabangela ukuguqulwa kwamasongo omngcele phakathi kwe-bolts.

Ukubalwa kwezingxube zomcengezi kufanele kucatshangelwe ukulayisha okuhlukahlukene. Kunezinketho ezimbili - esimweni sokuqala, umthwalo ovela emabhotsini udluliselwa ku-gasket, esimweni sesibili, umthwalo uhlukaniswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwe-gasket kanye nendandatho yokusekela.