I-Aircraft Il-476: izici zobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli, isithombe

Isakhiwo sezindiza ezweni lethu sinezimpande ezijulile nomlando okhazimulayo kakhulu. Kuyaphazamisa nakakhulu ukubona ukuthi okwamanje ukuhamba kwezindiza zaseRussia kuvame ukuxhomeke kakhulu kwabathengisi bangaphandle. Ngenhlanhla, muva nje inkambo ekulinde isikhathi eside yokufaka endaweni ephelele yokuthengiswa kwempahla yayisathathwa. Kodwa ngokushesha inkinga yokudala indiza yezokuthutha iye yavuka ngokuqinile.

Kuze kube yamuva, lo msebenzi wenziwe ngokuhlanganyela ne-Ukrainian CB "Antonov", kodwa kuya kuba nzima ukuqhuba ibhizinisi nalawa mabhizinisi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, isosha laseRussia alizange lithande isimo sengqondo e-Ukraine ekuhambiseni nasekuthuthukisweni. Mane nje, cishe eminyakeni eyishumi, "Antonov" futhi akakwazanga ukunikela noma yini entsha ngokuyisisekelo.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, umbuso wethu wanikeza isiqalo esisemthethweni ohlelweni lwawo, okuzoholela ekushaleni kwezokuthutha okuphelele kwezokukhiqiza zasekhaya Il-476. Manje sebenzisa ekudalweni kwayo ngokugcwele.

Ngezinsuku zesimanje nezinye izici

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umgogodla oyinhloko wezindiza zokuthutha ezempi nezombusazwe ezweni lethu kwakuyi-IL-76 endala, eyathola i-USSR. Indiza yokuqala yalesi silasi yayisungulwe njalo emoyeni ngoMeyi 5, 1973. Ukukhiqizwa isikhathi eside kwaqhutshwa esitshalweni sakhiwo sezindiza eTashkent. Umlando wokukhiqiza uneminyaka engaba ngu-40. Iphelele ngokuphelele ukuqoqa mayelana nemishini enjalo eyizinkulungwane, futhi cishe abangaba yikhulu kubo bathunyelwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle.

Kodwa izinto zangempela zanamuhla ziphakamisa indalo ngezindlela eziningi zomshini ohlukile, evulekile kakhulu, ngezinga eliphakeme lezindiza. Eqinisweni, emuva kuka-1989, ngemva nje komkhankaso e-Afghanistan, ubuholi baseSoviet buzigcina buzibonele ngokubona isidingo sokukhiqiza izindiza ezinjalo. Ngokuvamile, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqala ukukhiqizwa kwezindiza zamanje, ngoba cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo isitshalo sase sesivele sakha ukukhiqizwa kwezinguquko ezintsha ze-PS-90A. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi eTashkent ukuhlela ukukhululwa kwabo futhi kuhlulekile.

Ukushintshwa kwezinhlelo ezibucayi

Ngakho-ke umehluko phakathi kwe-IL-476 entsha? Kwabaningi. Okokuqala, izazi zisho cishe ngokuphelele iphiko. Izinjini ezintsha ze-PS-90A-76 zafakwa. Ukugxila kwabo kuyi-14 500 kgf (kwimodi ye-cruise), kanti umnotho uphakeme ngo-12-15%. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhla lwezindiza lungakhuphuka ngokushesha ukuya amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Futhi iyini ukusetshenziswa kuka-IL-476 ? I-0.59 kg / kgf * h, engaphansi kakhulu komshini odlule.

Inombolo yabasebenzi bezinkampani ziyisihlanu. Amandla okuthwala okuhlukile okulinganiselwe kulinganiselwa kumathani angu-60, okuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze kakhulu imithombo yamapayipi nezemali, ethwala imithwalo eningi yezindiza ezimbalwa.

Ehamba ngezindiza!

Ezweni lakithi, i-IL-476 entsha iba yizindiza zokuqala ezokuthutha ezempi, ezinikeza izinga lokududuzeka kwabasebenzi abashayeli. Ngakho-ke, kukhona isitsha sokugeza kanye nesindlu yangasese. Vumelana ukuthi ngebanga eliphakeme lokushayela ngamamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, le mininingwane ayibalulekile kakhulu!

Ikamelo lezindlu zangasese lisegumbini elikhethekile elivaliwe, elisegabeni eliphambili lendiza. Umthamo we-tank eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ekudakeni imvelo ngamalitha angu-28. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kufanele kube ngokwanele ukuze indiza eyodwa ihlangabezane nezidingo zalabo bonke abasebenzi kanye namaqembu amancane. Kusukela ukuguqulwa kwamaphoyinti amabili i-Il-476 (isithombe esitholakalayo kulesi sihloko) singathutha kuze kube ngamasosha angamakhulu angamakhulu amabili nengxenye, kube khona amathangi amabili engeziwe angama-80 amalitha ngamunye.

Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokukhipha, ukusetshenziswa kwegumbini langasese ngeke kutholakale, njengamthetho okwamanje kuvinjelwe ukuvinjelwa ama-overalls. Kodwa ngezindiza ezindala (ngezivivinyo zempi noma imisebenzi yangempela yokulwa), ukubaluleka kwalokhu kutholakala kunzima ukugcizelela. Kulesi simo, indlu yangasese ingasetshenziswa sonke isikhathi sezindiza ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokukhuphuka nokufika.

Nakuba isihloko "sezindlu zangasese" futhi sibheka ifomu lokuqala akusilo sína, izikhukhula zezindiza zikhumbula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka zihlupheke izinsuku. Empilo yabasosha, lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ngendlela engalungile, ngakho-ke isinyathelo sabakhi bezindiza abasebenza kule ndawo sifanelwe yonke indumiso.

Ecology - kuqala kokubili!

Ngokuhambisana nezidingo zeminyaka yamuva, umsebenzi omkhulu usuwenziwe emkhakheni wokunciphisa komsindo nokukhishwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emkhathini. Ngenxa yalokho, i-IL-476 iyavumelana nazo zonke izindinganiso zakamuva ze-ICAO. Lokhu ngokushesha kwavumela "ukuvula isibhakabhaka" ezindizeni ezintsha hhayi kuphela cishe yonke imizila yasekhaya, kodwa futhi nasethrekhi yaseYurophu. Sekuyisikhathi eside iBrazil igxeka indiza yethu ngenhla yokungcola komsindo, kodwa manje le nkinga isuliwe ngokuphelele.

Njengoba kungase kubonakale sengathi kukhona okwenzekayo, ngisho nezenzakalo zama-90s ngesikhathi sazo zinganciphisa ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi, kodwa hhayi ukuyeka. Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, uhulumeni omusha wanquma ukuphoqa umsebenzi ngendiza entsha. Kakade ekuqaleni kuka-2007, umsebenzi wokulungiselela uqale ukuqala ukukhiqizwa kwezindiza e-Ulyanovsk.

Izici ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe bomshini

Izinhlelo eziseduze

Kuhlelwe ukuthi ngo-2020 uMnyango Wezokuvikela uzothola izindiza ezingu-39 ezintsha ezingu-Il-476. Muva nje, abagibeli bezindiza bathi kuhlelwe ukuhamba ngendiza emotweni ye-IL-76MD-90A yamuva, ekugcineni ezokwembulela futhi iqede konke okungahle kwenziwe khona. Maye, kodwa i-IL-476 isenenkinga ethile, eyayizuza njengefa kusukela emfanekisweni odlule. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhiqiza okuningi, kumele kubonakale futhi kuqedwe ngokuphelele.

Izimpahla zensiza

Kubikwa ukuthi okwamanje, izinjini ezingaphansi kuka-156 PS-90A-76 zilungiselelwa ukulethwa, okuhloswe ukufakwa kwendiza entsha. Inani lale nkontileka (ngokusho kwedatha yonyaka owedlule) lidlula uphawu lwamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-US. Ukudilizwa kwabo okuhleliwe kwakuzoqala kakade ngonyaka odlule. Kubonakala sengathi konke kuhambisane nesimiso.

Ukuthuthukiswa komhlangano wezinjini kuqhutshelwa ku-Perm Engine Plant, cishe cishe kusukela ngosuku lwesisekelo sayo kubambisana nemikhakha yezindiza kanye nezakhiwo zezempi. Kalula nje, lo mkhiqizi uyazi kahle izimo ezithile ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo yakhe kumele imelane nayo.

Ukuzinza nokulawula!

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi owandulela imoto entsha, i-Il-76MD-90A, waqala ukuhamba emoyeni iminyaka emibili kuphela. Esikhathini sezindiza kwakuyiqembu elinolwazi kakhulu, elawulwa nguHero waseRussia u-Nikolai Kuimov. Emoyeni, indiza yayiyihora elilodwa kanye nemizuzu engu-55. Umlawuli wamaphoyisa wavuma ukuthi imoto entsha ihlukaniswe ngokulingana kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushintshanisa, kwakungekho neze izimangalo zokuphatha.

Ngo-Okthoba wonyaka ofanayo, indiza yaboniswa kuqala kuMongameli waseRussia, V.V. Putin. Ngosuku olufanayo, inkontileka enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi komkhiqizi kanye noMnyango Wezokuvikela wasayinwa ngaleso sikhathi, ngokusho ukuthi ngo-2020 ibutho kufanele lithole izindiza ezingama-39 ezi-Il-476, izici ezazijabulisa kakhulu empini. Izindleko zekonkontileka zaziyi-rublekhi eyizigidi ezingu-140. Isipho esihle embonini yasekhaya, okuyinto iziphathimandla zonyaka odlule azizange zonakalise ama-oda amakhulu!

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezindiza

Ngokokuqala ngqa, indiza ye-Il-476 yahlolwa ngokugcwele ngonyaka odlule. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yabo, imoto yabonwa njengomhlangano ngokugcwele zonke izidingo zamakhasimende. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo nokulungisa izidakamizwa kwenziwa nge-polygoni "ye-Ilu". Ehlobo lika-2013 i-flagship entsha ye-domestic cargo aircraft yanikezwa okokuqala kumakhasimende angaphandle. Kwenzeke kwi-airshow edumile yama-MAKS.

NgoJuni ngonyaka odlule, i-IL-476 yokuqala, izici zazo ezinikezwa kulesi sihloko, ekugcineni yaqhunyiswa ngaphandle kwe-hangar yomhlangano. I-caisson yephiko ne-centroplane yayihlolwe ukuqina kwabo okuphelele (ngephethiloli). Ngemva kwalokho, izindiza eziqediwe zaqeda ukudweba. Nansi into okumele uhlale ngayo ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba le nqubo ishintshaniswa kakhulu nezindiza entsha zaseRussia.

Ulwazi ngombala we-fuselage

Iqiniso liwukuthi okokuqala ngqa emlandweni wokwakhiwa kwezindiza zaseRussia, ama-eamel e-VE-69 ne-VE-71 we-polyurethane asetshenziswa. Ipeyinti yenziwe ngokukhethekile yiyo yonke inhlangano yokucwaninga (izinto zokuhamba ngezinyawo) ngokukhethekile ngezindiza ze-Il-476. Ukukhiqiza ikuvumela ukuba uthole i-non-glossy (idayi esetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile), nopende lwe-matte.

Kuthunyelwe kangcono phezu kwe-fuselage, inezindawo eziphakeme ekuvikeleni kwezinto ezivela kumakhemikhali anonya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le dye cishe ayigqoki. Njengoba izisebenzi zokuthutha zivame ukuhamba ezinkingeni ezilukhuni kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kwalezi zinto ezintsha.

Mayelana "nozalo lozalo"

Izindiza zokuqala azitholanga kuphela umbala, owamkelwa eMnyango Wezokuvikela uqobo, kodwa futhi negama elithi "Ulyanovsk". Igama lomuzi kanye nejazi lezingalo lalishicilelwe ngokuqondile emakhaleni emoto. Zonke izindiza ezalandela zalolu chungechunge zizokwaziswa ngamagama alabo bantu abakhulu umhlaba wabo owawuyi-Ulyanovsk esifundeni.

Yini ehlukile kulowo owandulele? Umbono womqhubi wokuhlola

Indiza entsha ye-Il-476, okuyizici zayo ezichazwe ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko, ihloselwe kokubili ukuhamba kwezimpahla ezihlukahlukene zezempi nezasempi kanye nokuthuthwa kwezikhali ezinamaphiko, kuhlanganise nezimoto ezizimele kanye nezimoto ezihamba kancane. Kuhlinzekwa ngokuhlelekile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba uthathe abasebenzi abangamakhulu amabili nesigamu.

Izindiza zanamuhla kanye nemishini yokuhamba ("ikamelo elincane") likuvumela ukuba unciphise ngokuphawulekayo umthwalo kubasebenzi, ukwandisa kakhulu ukubuka konke futhi unikeze ukuphepha kwezindiza eziphakeme. Esikhathini somsebenzi wendlela yomkhumbi kukhona iphaneli lokubonisa lomuntu siqu, lapho idatha yedatha ebaluleke kunazo zonke iboniswa khona ngesikhathi sangempela.

U-Oleg Ganovich, ongumqhubi wokuhlola ochwepheshe, ukhuluma ngokungafani phakathi kwe-Ukraine yokuthutha i-An-70 ne-Il-476: "Ngokuqedwa, izinjini ezintsha zinikeza ukusheshisa okukhulu, futhi zamangaza indlela entsha yokubuyela emuva, ngenxa yokuthi ngemuva kokufika, isivinini singasicinywa ngokushesha. Siphinde sithande izinkomba ezintsha ezibonisa ijubane lokukhuphuka ... Abashayeli bezindiza nabanjiniyela manje banezinkomba zabo zendiza ezisiza ukwenza izinqumo ngokushesha ngisho nasezimo ezinzima. "

Nciphisa umsebenzi

Ngokusho nje, indiza entsha yezokuthutha i-Il-476 isiza abasebenzi bayo ukuba bathole futhi bafunde ulwazi lwezindiza nokuhamba ngokushesha ngokushesha. Isikhundla sendawo yendiza entsha yesizukulwane singanqunywa masinyane futhi ngokungafanele ngaphandle kwamaphutha kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, ngesikhathi sezindiza phezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezwe. Emotweni eyedlule, konke lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ngumgibeli wemoto, umthwalo owawuvame ukwanda kakhulu.

Manje i-cockpit ye-Il-476 (isithombe esithombeni) inezinkomba eziningi kangangokuthi lonke lolu lwazi lungatholakala kunoma yikuphi umshayeli wezindiza, njengoba kunqunywe isidingo sokuphazanyiswa ngokuxoxisana nomgibeli.

Bonke abasebenza ngendiza yasekhaya baqhutshwa kuphela kwifomu le-elekthronikhi, kwizinto ezintsha zokusebenzisa ikhompyutha kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile. Konke lokhu kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa amathuba okuklama amaphutha kanye namaphutha. Ngokuvamile, imishini endala, eqhubeka isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izindiza ezifuywayo, izingxenye eziningi ezintsha zale mishini yokuklama nokukhiqiza akuyona into engokoqobo.

Isimo samanje semboni yokukhiqiza

Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Aviastar-SP, lapho indiza entsha izokhiqizwa kabusha, iyaqhubeka ngendlela ehamba phambili. Kubikwa ukuthi ukuba usesikhathini ekwakheni ama-hangars kukhona okungenani imishini engu-13 ngezigaba ezahlukene zomhlangano. Uhulumeni wabeka umsebenzi wokuletha ukukhishwa kwezindiza okungenani ezingu-18 ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwezindiza ezingu-39 ezishiwo ngenhla ngezidingo zebutho, amasosha afuna ukuthenga okungenani izimoto ezingu-50.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele uMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo babonisa isithakazelo kwezobuchwepheshe obusha, obuvele buhlela ukuthenga izindiza eziyisithupha. Ngokusho kwabameleli besitshalo, kuhloswe futhi ukuthenga iminyango yoMnyango Wezangaphakathi kanye ne-Federal Security Service, kanye namakhasimende angaphandle angaphandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sihlanganyela emhlanganweni nokulungisa i-An-124-100 "Ruslan", okuyizwe lethu okwamanje. Ngamanani amancane, izindiza ze-Tu-204SM zikhiqizwa. Kuhlelelwe futhi ukuba kusetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa kwama-MS-21 amasha ezindaweni zokusebenza. Kulula nje, lesi sitshalo sinemithetho eyanele yokwenza usuku. Ngiyajabula ukuthi iningi lazo lizoqinisa amandla okuvikela wezwe lethu.