I-Sherpas ngabantu abakhethekile abahlala ezindaweni ezikude zaseNepal. Abantu abahlala emaphandleni abamangalisayo bahlala njalo emthunzini ka-Everest. Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi lesi sizwe sinokuqina okunamandla nokulungiswa okuhle kakhulu kwezinga eliphezulu. Bayazi ukuthi indawo ephakeme kakhulu yezintaba ingcono kunanoma ubani omunye futhi abe nesikhundla esiphambili kwinani lokukhuphukela ku-Everest.
Abantu baseMpumalanga
Ngenguqulo yangempela, "uSherp" kusho "umuntu ovela empumalanga". Awaziwa kancane ngomlando walaba bantu abamangazayo. Bathi okhokho babo bevela eTibet, kanti uSherpas nabo banezimpande zaseMongolia. Singasho ukuthi uSherpas bangamaTibetan. Abantu basezintabeni bakhuluma ulimi oluhlukile kancane ukusuka eTibetan. Kusukela okhokho babo u-Sherpas wathatha amasiko, izingubo, nobuqili be-cuisine. Namuhla umqondo we "Sherp" usube igama lomndeni. Umnqobi we-Everest Ukuqeda iNorgay emlandweni we-Tiger of the Snows wachaza ngempumelelo laba bantu emigqeni eminingi: "Umfana ubheka phezulu futhi ubona intaba ephakeme. Khona-ke ubheka phansi bese ebona umthwalo. Umfana uthatha ngokuthula futhi uhamba nomthwalo entabeni. Ukuhamba nomthwalo kuyisimo esijwayelekile sakwaSherpas. Umthwalo uyingxenye yomzimba wakhe ... "Mhlawumbe, yingakho phakathi kwabavakashi umqondo othi" uSherp "iminyaka eminingi uhlotshaniswa nomqondisi wezintaba noma umnyango.
Izici zabantu bentaba
I-Sherpas ngabantu abangenalo ulimi olubhalwe phansi. Ezinsukwini zesonto baqondiswa ikhalenda yeTibetan. Abahlali bezintaba abasebenzisi ama-surname, futhi amagama abo angahlukahluka kulo lonke ukuphila. USherpas, njengokhokho babo, bangabalandeli beBuddha. Noma kunjalo, abathinti ukubaluleka kwamasiko, amasiko, into eyinhloko ikholo emphefumulweni. Abantu bentaba yaseNepali banakekele ngokukhethekile imithandazo. Lapha, abantu bakholelwa konkulunkulu futhi banikeze ikona lomthandazo ekamelweni lendlu. Eminye imindeni emagcekeni yakha izigxobo ezihlotshiswe ngamafulegi akhethekile. Ukuqothula uSherpas kushisa, njengamaNdiya. Abantwana kanye nabantu abafa kuphela ezintabeni, bezinikela emhlabeni. Ekubukeni, abantu basezintabeni abafani neze namaMongol. Bheka indlela uSherpas abukeka ngayo. Izithombe zalaba bantu abamangalisa zihanjiswa ngezansi.
Usuku lweSherpas olujwayelekile
Abantu baseNepalese bavuka ekuseni kakhulu - ngemibala yokuqala yelanga. Futhi ngokushesha uqale ukusebenza. Umsebenzi kaSherpas uhlanganisa ukuphatha izimpahla. Baletha usawoti eKammandu, futhi uboya bulethwa eTibet. I-Sherpas ayesabi izintaba ezinde. Benza uhambo lwamahora angu-10 usuku nosuku bephethe imithwalo yokukhuphuka nokubuyela emuva. Ngesikhathi esifanayo banokuphumula ngo-5: 00 kusihlwa, lapho ilanga libeka khona. Bema emahholosheni ngesitofu-burzhuyki. Lapho awukwazi nje ukuluma, kodwa futhi uthole ukushisa. I-Sherpas yizizwe ezinzima kakhulu. Baqala ukusebenza njengabalindi abaneminyaka engu-12. Futhi ngo-14 - ukukhuphuka isigaba esisha sezinga lomsebenzi: yiba iziqondiso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthwalo wabo wansuku zonke uba lula, futhi inzuzo ithola kusuka kuma-dollar angu-7 ukuya kwangu-15 ngosuku. Abaqondisi, ngokungafani nabasendlini, bangaxoxa nabangaphandle, futhi esikhathini esizayo - babe ngamalungu eqembu labagibeli.
Umndeni
Ingabe imindeni ineSherpa? Izingane zabo zihlala kuphi? Ake sizame ukuthola lezi zikhathi ezithakazelisayo. Abantu baseNepali baqala imindeni, ehlanganisa indoda, umfazi nezingane. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezindima kuzo: ubaba usebenza njengomhlahlandlela nsuku zonke, futhi umama uhlala endlini. Njengamazwe amaningi, umfazi uhlanza indlu, ulungiselela ukudla, akhulise abantwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abaningi banamabhokisi amancane, lapho kudayiswa khona iziphuzo neziphuzo ezihlukahlukene. Indlu yaseSherpas ivulekile kubo bonke abavakashi. Kungashiwo ukuthi lena yindlu yokuvakashela izivakashi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uSherpas uthembekile. Uma izivakashi zibabuza ukuba zizinake izinto zabo, ngeke zenqabe futhi zizoqinisekisa ukuphepha kwazo okuphelele. Kodwa kule nkonzo bazofuna ukuthola umvuzo omncane wezimali.
Izici zekhishi
Izwe laseSherpas liheha abantu abaningi. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukujwayelana nalezi zintaba ezithakazelisayo futhi banambithe ukudla kwabo basekhaya. I-Sherpas ekudleni akuyona into enhle. Abalandeli imenyu ethile. Etafuleni labo ungabona inyama izitsha, ukudla okomile ngisho nokudla okusemathinini, okusele lapha yizivakashi. Kusuka izitsha zendabuko, uSherpas upheka mo-mo. Ukwakhiwa kwesidlo kufana nesobho, lapho kudonsa khona amadombolo. Kusukela kokuphuza utshwala lwe-Sherpa, olwenziwe ngelayisi nebhali, kanye netiyi. Imikhosi yezinyosi ihlelwe izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Izakhi zofuzo eziphakeme kakhulu
Uma ubuza iNepalese, lapho iSherpas ihlala khona, bayophendula ngaphandle kokungabaza: "Ezintabeni." Kwakukhona lapho "abantu abavela empumalanga" bebeka imizi yabo. Abavakashi abayeki ukuphindaphinda ukuthi iSherpas inezinhlobo eziphezulu zezakhi zofuzo: ziqinile futhi zibekezela. Ukuphakama usuku lonke entabeni yeSherpa - into engokwemvelo. Akaboni lutho olumangalisa ngalokhu. Ukukhuthazela okukhulu kutholakala amadoda, abesifazane kanye nezingane. Umqondo othi "ubulili obuthakathaka" phakathi kweSherpas akakho. Lapha, abesifazane kanye namadoda bathwala imithwalo enzima futhi benza umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi. Umthwalo osindayo uSherpa wasithatha masinyane wawabeka ebunzini. Bakholelwa ukuthi lena yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokudlulisa izimpahla ngaphezu kwebanga elide.
Ungafinyelela kanjani ku-Sherpas?
Ezintabeni zaseNepal , uSherpas uhlala. Bahlala kuphi ngqo nokuthi bangaya kanjani? Indawo yokuhlala enkulu kunazo zonke i-Sherpas yiNamche Bazar, elitholakala ngamamitha angu-3880 ngaphezu kolwandle (esifundeni saseNingizimu Khumbu). Umgwaqo oya emzaneni wabantu basezintabeni uyadabula edolobheni laseDud Kosi. Indlela incane ngokwanele, hhayi ngaphezu kwamamitha, futhi igxilwe ngamapula. Endleleni eya eSherpas kukhona amabhuloho alenga ahlanganisa amadolobhana angomakhelwane. Uma indlela iqala ukwanda, khona-ke utholakala eduze nomuzi waseNamche Bazar. Lapha imizi yaseSherpas ejabule futhi esebenzayo iqala. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umgwaqo oya eNamche-Bazar ufana nohambo oluthakazelisayo. Umfula waseMfuleni ujabulisa abahamba ngezindawo ezinhle kakhulu. Endleleni eya eSherpas, izivakashi ziyakwazi ukubona umfula omkhulu kakhulu weqhwa olwa phakathi kwezintaba zeKariolung neKangtayga.
Ukunqotshwa kwe-Everest
Kuyaziwa ukuthi "abantu abavela eMpumalanga" baye baqhubela ngokuphindaphindiwe phezulu entabeni edumile. Ngokokuqala ngqa uSherpas eNtabeni i-Everest wabonakala ngo-1953. Ngaleso sikhathi umcwaningi waseNew Zealand u- Edmund Hillary noSherp Norgay Tenzing bangakhuphukela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yomhlaba. Ngokuhlonipha u-Hillary, u-Hillary wabeka ifulege phezulu entabeni, futhi Ukuqothula kwabeka ama-chocolates eqhweni ukubonga onkulunkulu ngokusekela kwabo emgwaqeni onzima. Enye i-sherp, i-Appa Tenzing, ikhuphuke ngokuphindaphindiwe eNtabeni i-Everest. Ngesikhathi sokuqala wafeza lokhu ngo-1990. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuqokwa kwenyuka minyaka yonke ukuya entabeni. Ngesikhathi sokugcina enza lokhu ngo-2011, ngemva kwalokho waba iqhawe langempela ekukhuphukeni kwezintaba. Akekho owayengakwazi ukuphinda abuyele irekhodi lakhe - 21 enyukela ku-Everest. Omunye uSherp wamangaza umhlaba wonke. U-Pemba Dorje wakwazi ukukhuphukela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni ngamahora angu-8 nemizuzu engu-10. Futhi uSherp Babu Chiri wenyuka waya entabeni futhi wachitha amahora angu-21 lapho. Lezi amarekhodi azikwazi ukuphinda ziphindwe yibo abahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke. I-Sherpas ifanelwe inhlonipho. Njengoba kungase kuzwakale, u-Everest wakwazi ukunqoba abalindi abangoTibetan nabaqondisi abalula. Futhi kuze kube manje uSherpas uyaqhubeka nokuhamba ngezinyawo ezihambela ezintabeni. Abayeki ukusebenza ezimweni eziyingozi njengeziqondiso, ngoba lokhu kuwumthombo omkhulu wemali yabo engenayo. Kuphela ngale ndlela bangakwazi ukuzixhasa kanye nemindeni yabo.