"Ubuqili ..." Ukubuyekezwa kwezwi

Esinye sezici ezithakazelisayo kakhulu zezilimi yi-etymology - isayensi yemvelaphi yamayunithi angama-lexical. Izindaba zokuzalwa kwazo nokusungulwa kolwazi lwesilulumagama ngezinye izikhathi zifana nabaphenyi, ngezinye izikhathi - ku-anecdotes ...

Incazelo yegama elithi "lampoon"

Incazelo ethakazelisayo inikezwa kule VI ye-VI. UDal emsebenzini wakhe odumile ekuchazeni izingxenye zolimi lwesiRussia. Ngokwesazi sesayensi, isifungo "singabi namagama" (okungukuthi, empeleni asiziwa), "incwadi ehlukumezayo, umbhalo wokudonsa umzimba." Kulezi zichazamazwi zanamuhla umlingiswa wokungaziwa usuvele ushonele, kodwa incazelo yomsebenzi wokunyundela, ngisho nokuhlaselwa-ukuhlambalaza, ihlale ihlala njalo. Noma kunjalo, angeke kube umlayezo kuphela ngokubhala, kodwa futhi i-caricature enolwazi olufanayo lwamanga mayelana nomuntu othile noma iqembu labantu, kanye neqembu lezombangazwe noma ukunyakaza komphakathi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekhulwini le-XIX emazweni aseNtshonalanga naseRussia igama elithi "lampoon" lisho incazelo yezomthetho yokulahlwa kwamanga.

I-etymology yegama elithi "lampoon"

Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi akukho mqondo ongavumelani mayelana nemvelaphi yanoma iyiphi i-lexeme. Into efanayo yenzeka ngegama elithi "lampoon". Lena indaba yonke. Kukholakala ukuthi kwenzeka egameni likaPasquin. Nokho, abacwaningi abavumelani nendawo yokubuka ngokuphathelene nomthwali walo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lo shoemaker onaleli gama ahlala eRoma ekhulwini le-XV kanye nabaphathi bokuthi abanamacala ngenxa yezono zabo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwabanye, uPasquin wayengumgcini wendlu yezihambi noma u-barber. Yebo, okwesithathu bayaqiniseka ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo kwenye yezitaladi zaseRoma kwakukhona insali engenalutho yesithombe, ekuqaleni ebonisa umuntu odumile. Ngokuphambene nalokho kwakukhona uthisha ongenakuqhathaniswa - uMaestro Pasquino, obafundi bakhe ababona ukufana kwangaphandle nomgijimi wabo futhi bambiza ngendlela efanayo.

Kwakukhona umfanekiso wesisekelo esincane futhi endaweni egcwele kakhulu. Lokhu kwafakazela ukuthi maduzane waqala ukubambelela kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-epigrams ezibukhali, i-caricatures, ngokuvamile ukuhleba noma ukunyundela, ngezinye izikhathi kuphazamisa lapho abamele iSonto LamaKatolika noma uhulumeni bahlaselwa khona. Ngakho konke, okunamathiselwe ku-Paskvino, kungabhekwa njengeqabile. Nansi indaba.

Igama elithi "lampoon"

NgesiRussia, lesi sihloko sifikile ngokungaqondile - sisuka esiNtaliyane sisiPolish. Ngakho-ke, ngokwemvelo, leli gama lagcina umqondo owakhulunywa kulolu limi, njalo ku-syllable, kanti kuyi-German kugcizelelwe kulokhu okulandelayo: akuyona i-lampoon. Ukucindezeleka ngezinye izikhathi kudluliselwa ngamabomu kuze kube sekupheleni kwegama. Lokhu kwenzeka uma inhloso isenzelwe ngenhloso ukunikeza incazelo engavamile: "Waphinde wakhipha esinye isibhamu."

Ulimi lwethu lugcwele amagama, lapho ukugcizelelwa kuyiselula, okuvame ukuholela ekudidekeni kwabangaphandle abafunda isiRashiya. Ngokuqondene negama elithi "libel", lokhu akuzange kumthinte. Nge-declension kokubili komunye futhi ngobuningi, ukucindezeleka kuhlale njalo ku-syllable yokuqala.

Kunesici esisodwa esengeziwe sokubiza leli gama - ifomu elingasebenzi elingasebenzi. Ngendlela, kuzwakale sengathi lokho ngesiPolish. Futhi ngezilimi zaseRussia izincwadi zakudala ze-XVIII-XIX leminyaka kule fomu ivame ukutholakala.

Izilinganiso zegama elithi "lampoon"

Leli gama livame ukubhalwa ngesitayela se-journalism noma ngisho nezinganekwane futhi efomini eliseduze nepheshana. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sigaba singumdwebo wezincwadi, khona-ke isifungo Namanje ukunyundela, futhi, ake sithi, uhlobo olusemthethweni lwe-prose yobuciko, angeke abe khona.

Ngomqondo othile omuhle, igama elithi "ipheshana" lingabhekwa njengelinye igama elithi "lampooning". Kodwa igama lesiRashiya elithi "ukunyundela", kanye namagama ambalwa abolekile, sisondelene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, incazelo yokunyundela inecala "ine-insinuation". Ukususwa kwenhlamba kuzokubizwa ngokuthi umsakazo emaphephandabeni kolunye ulwazi oluhlazisa umuntu. Kukhona futhi igama elingavamile elisetshenziswa "liberla". Incazelo yalo ifana - incwadi encane engxenyeni enkulu yokuqukethwe okuphazamisayo.

Kulokhu singakwazi ukwengeza uchungechunge olwamazwi ohlangothini lwezingqikithi ezinobumbano ezinemibala ehlukene ngokomzwelo nangokwesimiso: ama-bullshit, amanga, amanga, amanga, amanga, amanga, ukunyundela, amanga, amanga, ukunyundela, ukucindezela, okungekho, ikhanda lokukhwabanisa, amanga, icala, , Oblyg, obnovt, ogornitelstvo, ukunyundela, ukushaya ikhwelo, ukuhleka.