I-Museum-Estate Derzhavin eSt. Petersburg

Izakhiwo zePetersburg zedolobha elidala linalo ingelosi yalo yokulondoloza, kungenjalo kunzima ukuchaza ukuthi ezinye izakhiwo zaphelelwa kanjani. Ngemuva kokusinda ku-revolution, impi, ukunganakwa, futhi ngesinye isikhathi isifiso somuntu sokubhubhisa, idolobha liye lalondoloza eliyingqayizivele. I-Derzhavin Museum-Estate eSt. Petersburg iye yakhiwe kabusha izikhathi eziningi ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zesikhathi esisha nabanikazi, kepha isinda, futhi isizukulwane samanje sinethuba lokungena emahholo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthinta inkathi enhle.

Indlu yombongi

Indlu yasendlini yanamuhla iDervinvin e-Fontanka yathengwa yilo mbongi ngo-1791. Isakhiwo sasakhiwa, okwakunikeza ithuba lokuklama nokuhlobisa ingaphakathi ngokuvumelana nokunambitheka kwabanikazi abasha. UGavrila Romanovich uDerzhavin ucele ukuphothulwa komsebenzi wokwakha kanye nomngane wakhe osenesikhathi eside, uNa L'vov, othokozile ngenjabulo indaba.

Isilinganiso sokwakhiwa kwakunzima kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuphothulwa kwezakhiwo zehhovisi kwakuhlelwe. Ngo-1794 imisebenzi yokuqedela yayiphelile, isitezi kanye nekhishini lavela kule ndawo, umakhi nomakhi uPilniakov wayesebenza kule phrojekthi. Ngeshwa, u-hostess wendlu, u-Ekaterina Yakovlevna Derzhavin, owafaka umphefumulo wakhe endlini, ngesikhathi yonke imisebenzi isiphelile, wafa. Ngemuva kwakhe, kwakunebufakazi besimo sakhe sengqondo sokuthungatha indawo entsha. Ufuna ukuhlomisa isidleke somndeni, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ebhekene nobunzima bezezimali, wagcina irekhodi lazo zonke izindleko "eNcwadini ngezindleko zemali zendlu yamatshe. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 1791 ».

Ehlelwe endlini e-Fontanka, iDerzhavin yakha umoya okhethekile kuwo. Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-18-19 le ndlu yayidume ngokungenisa izihambi zayo futhi yayibhekwa njengesikhungo semasiko. Kusukela ngo-1811 "eHholo lokuDansa" le-manor kukhona ukufundwa njalo kwezincwadi, imihlangano yabantu abafana nalokho. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 i-Derzhavin Museum-Estate yagcwaliswa ngesiteji sezemidlalo, esakhiwe ngaso leso sakhiwo. Imikhiqizo ibandakanye amalungu omndeni, abangane abaseduze nabadlali abadumile bezesikhathi sabo.

I-Magic Garden

Ngaphandle kwamacebo okwakhiwa nokuhlobisa indlu, umsebenzi womklami kwakuwukuhlomisa insimu. Ngokuqondene nefa, kunezindawo zokugcina izithombo eziningana ezikhethiwe, ngasinye esinikezwe isiko elilodwa - amapelishi, amaphayinaphu, njll. Ingxenye yomhlaba yabelwe indlu eluhlaza, lapho izitshalo ze-thermophilic, izithelo ezingavamile, izimbali zikhula. Kwakukhona insimu encane enegadi, lapho bavuna khona izitshalo zendabuko (amazambane, rutabaga, beet, ama-peas, ukhukhamba, isithombo kanye nabanye).

Umklami uLvov waphinde wabhekana nokuhlelwa kwensimu kanye nokukhethwa kwezihlahla. Enkonzweni yakhe, insimu kumele ibe yindawo ehle kakhulu yendlu enkulu. Ipaki yayitshala izihlahla ezinjengama-lindens, ama-maple, ama-birches, ama-oki, njll. Insimu yayihlotshiswe ngamahlathi e-lilac ne-jasmine, kanye nalabo abajwayele kakhulu: i-viburnum, i-dogrose, i-honeysuckle. Insimu yembali yayiyinkimbinkimbi, engavamile ngaso leso sikhathi, amasiko - ama-hyacinths, iminduze, ama-daffodils, amahlumela amaningi ase-rose atshalwa.

Isikhathi samaKatolika

Ngemva kokufa kwabanikazi, i-museum-estate Derzhavin eSt. Petersburg iminyaka eminingana yayingenalutho. IBhodi LamaKatolika LamaRoma Katolika lazuza indlu yokuhlala ngo-1846. Ngezinjongo zenhlangano, amahholo okunethezeka nokunethezeka ayengadingeki, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wokuvuselelwa kabusha waqala ngokushesha. Babeqhutshwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabakhi be-AM Gornostaev no-VI Sobol'shchikov.

Ngokusho kwemisebenzi emisha, i-Derzhavin Museum-Estate yathola isitezi esingeziwe ngaphezu kwendlu nendawo yokuqasha, i-colonnade yaqedwa, futhi isakhiwo se-facade sashintshwa. Izakhiwo zangaphakathi zahlulwa esiteji esikhulu esingaphambili, amanye amakamelo athola izingxenye kanye nezinye izinguquko. Kamuva, izithombo zokugcina izithombo zabhujiswa njengento engenamsebenzi, futhi ukwakhiwa kweSonto le-Assumption of the Virgin Mary (1870-1873) kwakunqatshelwe indawo yemifino yemifino kanye nensimu enkulu.

Ngesikhathi esilandelayo i-museum-estate kaG. Derzhavin yavuselelwa izikhathi eziningana. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1901 kwakudingeka ukuqedela igumbi lesithathu ngaphezulu kwamaphiko, imisebenzi yenziwa ngumdwebi uL. P. Shishko.

I-Revolution ne-house issue

Ngemuva kokuguquka, kusukela ngo-1918 kuya ku-1924, i-museum-estate kaG. R. Derzhavin yashiywe, iziphathimandla zazingenakukwazi ukuzisebenzisa. Kwabe sekuqunyiwe ukuyibeka endlini, okwagcina isonakalisa izinsalela zangaphakathi. Indlu yayinabantu abaningi, kwadingeka izingxenye ezintsha, abaqashi babekulungisa izinto zabo siqu kanye namathuba abo.

Amachibi epaki alala ngo-1935. Insimu ye-manor evela ejwayelekile iphenduka ngokuzenzekelayo, lapho ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngaphandle kwecebo noma umqondo. Ngakho isimo sahlala isikhathi eside, ngokuqinisekile eSt. Petersburg ungathola abantu abahlala emakhaya omphakathi. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, leli dolobha lalinamahhovisi ezinkampanini eziningana nezindawo zokuhlala eziningana, isakhiwo esingaphansi kwamamitha angu-2.5-amamitha amakhulu sakhuphuka ngamanzi iminyaka. Isinqumo sokubuyisela nokudlulisela ifa lemvelo eMyuziyamu yasePushkin senziwa ngo-1998.

Isimo seMumyuziyamu

I-museum-yeDerzhavin nezincwadi zaseRussia yavulwa ngo-2003, ngemuva kokubuyiselwa komhlaba jikelele esakhiweni esiphakathi. Kuphelele, amakamelo ayishumi nesithupha avuleka, lapho ababuyisela khona bezama khona ngokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bavuselele isimo seDerzhavin. Bathembele ebufakazini nasezinchazweni zabantu abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo, amarekhodi asaphila ombongi ngokwakhe.

Ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezwe bathola izingcezu zangempela ezivela efeni: ingxenye yahlinzekwa yi-All-Russian Pushkin Museum, ezinye izinto zadluliselwa ukugcinwa okwesikhashana iTretyakov Gallery nezinye izindawo eziningi zokugcina. Ekhaya likaDerzhavin babonisa ngokuziqhenya ithebula eliyiqiniso, idivayisi elotshiwe yombongi, ungabona futhi ama-autographs amaningana omlobi, izinto zakho kanye nesithombe esidumile somnikazi wendlu ye-Tonchi shayela.

Umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa waqhubeka kuze kube ngu-2007 futhi wagcwala umvuthwandaba wokuvula indlu yaseshashalazini esakhiweni esikhulu kanye nezakhiwo ezimbili. Ngabo, isakhiwo esiyinhloko sixhunywe ngezithombe zemibukiso, iphiko ngalinye linalo igama layo, elitholakala ekuqanjweni kwangempela - iChishi, iKonyushenny nabanye. Manje banamakamelo embukiso namahholo ekhonsathi.

Kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2011, umsebenzi wokubuyisela wenziwa epaki. Esikhathini esisekhona, i-greenhouse central yaphinde yavela, le nsimu yahlanjululwa futhi ukubukeka kwayo kwangokomlando kwakhiwa kabusha, lapho intaba idlala endaweni ephakathi, umfula uhlezi futhi, amachibi amathathu abuyiselwa.

Ingqalasizinda

I-museum-estate yaseDerzhavin namuhla iyinkimbinkimbi emangalisayo. Ihlanganisa:

• Isakhiwo esiphezulu. Ekamelweni kukhona iminyuziyamu kaG. Derzhavin nezincwadi zaseRashiya zesikhathi sakhe. Kukhona umbukiso ohlala unomphela, oqukethe amakamelo angu-16 ezigumbini ezimbili.
• Isakhiwo saseMpumalanga. Igumbi lokuqala lalinikezelwa umbukiso unomphela "Abanikazi belira laseRussia. Ukusuka eDerzhavin kuya ePushkin. " Ipulazi lesibili nelesithathu limema izivakashi emahholo ombukiso we-Pushkin Museum, lapho izinto ezingekho embukisweni onomphela zihanjiswa khona.
• I-Western Corps. Esitezi phansi kukhona ukuveza "The All-Russian Museum of AS Pushkin. Amakhasi omlando "(unomphela). Esitezi sesibili kukhona amakamelo amaningana emini yokudala kanye nemihlangano, isikhungo semidiya esinokuqoqa izinto eziyingqayizivele. Esitezi sesithathu ungakwazi ukuvakashela isikhalazo esingapheli "Esikhathini esimhlophe esimhlophe se-porcelain", futhi kukhona amakhanda ambukiso amaningana lapho imisebenzi yamakhosi ehlukene, kuhlanganise nabesikhathi sethu, ijwayele njalo.
• Indawo yaseshashalazini. Imisebenzi yokulungisa kabusha, imihlangano yomculo nokudala iqhutshwa ehholo.
• Indawo yaseManor. Ngepaki, izinkambo zokubona indawo ziqhutshwa, kanti indawo yokupaka isetshenziswa njengesiteji sokuvuleka sekhonsathi yomkhiqizo wezingoma nomculo.
• Ukushisa okushisa okuphakathi. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kweminye imisebenzi, namhlanje lapha kwenziwa ukufundwa kwemibhalo, iminikelo yomculo, izinkulumo zinikezwa.
• Ihhotela. Kutholakale ensimini yenkimbinkimbi yamanorari endlini yabezivakashi, ingaphakathi liyanqunywa ngomoya we-classicism ngokugcwele okunethezeka kwamanje.

Imibukiso engapheliyo

I-Museum-Estate Derzhavin (eSt. Petersburg) imema ukuvakashela imiboniso engapheli:

• "Abanikazi belira laseRussia. Ukusuka eDerzhavin kuya ePushkin. " Phakathi nezivakashi ze-excursion bajwayele ukuboniswa kwezithombe zangempela zabalobi, izazi zefilosofi, nezincwadi ezanyatheliswa phakathi nekhulu le-18-19, ngezinto zobuciko. Phakathi kwezinto ezingezansi kukhona enye yezincwadi ze-Encyclopaedia of Diderot no-D'Alembert, izinto zokudweba nokusetshenziswa kobuciko. Izindleko zamathikithi kubantu abadala - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-200., Kwabafundi nabahola impesheni - kusuka kuma-ruble angu-100.
• "Esikhathini esimhlophe esimhlophe se-porcelain." Ukuvezwa kutholakala emahholo amaningana. Ekuqaleni kwe-porcelain ye-17-18 leminyaka yesikole samaShayina kuhanjiswa. Okunye okunikezwa ku-porcelain yaseRashiya ekhiqizwa yi-manufactories ehlukahlukene. Amasampula wezinto ze- Imperial Porcelain Factory, izitshalo ezizimele zihanjiswa. Intengo yamathikithi yokwamkelwa abantu abadala ivela kuma-ruble angu-120, abahola impesheni nabafundi abavela kuma-ruble angu-60, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 ubudala zihambela umbukiso ngaphandle kokuhamba ngaphandle kwezindleko.

Futhi emnyuziyamu kunezinhlelo zokuvakasha: "Ekuvakashelweni kumnikazi wendlu", "Derzhavin nomculo", "Ngikuzwile okokuqala ...", ukuvakasha kokubona indawo yegadi lomuntu kanye nabanye.

Imisebenzi yezemfundo

I-museum-estate yaseDerzhavin yinto enkulu yesayensi, ithuthukiswe futhi isebenza izinhlelo eziningi zabafundi bazo zonke ubudala. Uhlelo oluthi "Ukuhamba Nososayensi Wezinja ePushkin Petersburg" luphethwe ngaphandle kwezindonga zamamyuziyamu, luhloselwe izingane zesikole ezincane. Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha, abafundi bajwayelene nomlando womuzi, izingane zisefomu lokuxhumana zibonisa ithonya lomuzi emsebenzini womlobi.

Umdlalo "i-Derzhavinskaya cuisine" uhlinzekela ukuba ujwayele idivayisi yokuphila kwansuku zonke phakathi nokuphila kwendlovu, umhlahlandlela ubonisa izinto zasendlini, ukhuluma mayelana nokuhlelwa kwamagesi nokunye okunye, okungajabulisi okuncane. Lolu hlelo lenzelwe iminyaka yobudala yesikole.

Esigabeni samamyuziyamu nabasebenzi bayo kunezinhlelo eziningi zobhaliso ezongezelela imfundo yesikole, ezisiza ukuthuthukisa uthando lwezincwadi nezincwadi zesiRussia. Abantu abadala bazophinde bathole izinto eziningi ezintsha.

Ulwazi oluwusizo

I-All-Russian Pushkin Museum iqukethe amagatsha ayisithupha, kuhlanganise neDerzhavin Museum-Estate. I-Fontanka yayinenhlanhla nabakhileyo kanye, futhi manje kunezikhumbuzo eziningi zokwakha izakhamuzi zakithi kanye nezakhamizi zamanye amazwe.

Ukuthinta inkathi yaseDerzhavin, iPushkin, Nekrasov, kuwufanelekile ukuvakashela amahholo omnyuziyamu bese uthathwa yizindaba zeqiniso. I-museum-estate yaseDerzhavin inekheli elilandelayo: ukufakwa kweMfula i-Fontanka, isakhiwo 118.