Amasiko namasiko we-Yakuts. Amasiko nokuphila kwabantu baseYakutia

Ngokomlando wokuvubukula, ubuzwe baseYakut buvela ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezizwe zendawo ezihlala phakathi nendawo ephakathi kweLena River nabase-Turkic abakhuluma isiTurkey. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuzwe obusanda kuqalwa buhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana. Isibonelo, abakhiqizi bezintwana basenyakatho-ntshonalanga, njll.

Yakuts, incazelo yobuzwe

I-Yakuts ibhekwa njengenye yezizwe eziningi kakhulu zaseSiberia. Inani labo lifinyelela kubantu abangaphezu kuka-380 abayizinkulungwane. I-Yakuts ihlala ezindaweni zase-Irkutsk, Khabarovsk naseKrasnoyarsk, kodwa ikakhulu eRiphablikki yaseSakha. Ulimi lwe-Yakuts lubhekisela ekukhulumeni kwe-Turkic okuyingxenye yomndeni wase-Altai. Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-Yakuts iveza amahhashi nezinkomo, ukudoba nokuzingela. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ingcebo enkulu ye-Yakuts yidayimane. Imbonini eyimvelo ithuthukiswe kakhulu. Indawo yaseJakut - Lezi yi-yurts ezingaba zincane futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuphakama okuhlukile. Ama-Yurts akhiwe ngamapulangwe.

Abakhulekela ama-Yakuts kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo

I-Yakuts inendawo ebalulekile enkolelweni isalokhu ihlonishwa imvelo. Zonke amasiko namasiko we-Yakuts ahlobene kakhulu nalo. Bakholelwa ukuthi imvelo iyaphila, futhi zonke izinto zasemhlabeni zinemimoya yazo namandla angaphakathi. Enye yezinhloko isikhathi eside yayibhekwa njengomnikazi womgwaqo. Wayevame ukwenza iminikelo yomhlatshelo, eshiya izinwele zehhashi, izingcezu zendwangu, izinkinobho nezindleko zethusi emgwaqweni. Izenzo ezifanayo zenzelwe abanikazi bamanzi, izintaba, njll.

Ukuduma nombani ekubukeni kwama-Yakuts bahlaselwa yimimoya emibi. Uma umuthi uphula ngesikhathi sezulu, kubhekwa ukuthi unamandla okuphulukisa. Umoya obuka ama-Yakuts unemimoya emine evikela ukuphumula emhlabeni. Umhlaba unomuntu wesifazane - Aan. Ihlola ukukhula nokuzala kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo (izitshalo, izilwane, abantu). Entwasahlobo ka-Aan iminikelo ekhethekile ihlelwa.

Amanzi anenkosi yawo. Izipho azilethe ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ngesimo se-birch isikhumulo sezindiza esinomfanekiso oqoshiwe womuntu neziqephu zendaba. Ukwehla izinto ezibukhali emanzini kubhekwa njengesono.

Umnikazi womlilo uyindoda endala enezinwele ezimpofu okhupha imimoya emibi. Kulesi sici kwakuhlale kuhlonipha kakhulu. Umlilo awuzange uvimbe futhi ezikhathini zangaphambili wawuqhutshwa nabo embiza. Kukholelwa ukuthi ungumphathisi womndeni nendlu.

Umoya wehlathi le-Yakuts ubizwa ngokuthi iBaai Bayanay. Usiza ekudoba nasekuzingeleni. Endulo, isilwane esingcwele sasikhethwa esingenakubulawa nokudliwa. Isibonelo, ihansi, i-swan, i -ermermine kanye nabanye. U-Eagle wayebhekwa njengenhloko yazo zonke izinyoni. Ibhere lalihlale lihlonishwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaqembu ase-Yakut. Izihluthulelo zakhe nezinye izimfanelo zisetshenziswa njengamaphutha kuze kube manje.

Amaholide

Amaholide ama-Yakuts ahlobene eduze namasiko nemikhuba. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yiYsyakh. Kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka futhi kubonisa ukubuka umhlaba kanye nesithombe sezwe. Ukugubha ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngokweziko zasendulo, ekuhlanjululeni okuzungezwe yi-birches ezincane ukufakwa kwe-hitching, okufanekisela uMhlaba Wezwe kanye ne-axis of the Universe. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, sekubuye kube ukubonakaliswa kobuhlobo babantu abahlala eYakutia. Leli holide libhekwa njengomndeni.

I-Ysyakh iqala njalo ngokufafaza kokushisa komlilo kanye nasemagumbini amane omhlaba. Bese kulandela isicelo seDeities ukuthumela phansi umusa. Izingubo zikazwelonke zigqokelwe ukugubha futhi izitsha zendabuko kanye nezindwangu zilungisiwe. Ukudla kwenzeka etafuleni elifanayo nazo zonke izihlobo. Bese baqala ukudansa imidanso, ezemidlalo, ukulwa, ukushaya umnsalo nokuguqula impi.

Amasiko namasiko we-Yakuts: imindeni

I-Yakuts ihlala emindenini emincane. Nakuba ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-19 isithembu sasandile. Kodwa bonke baphila ngokwehlukana, futhi ngamunye wayenezilimo zayo. Emshadweni, ama-Yakuts angena esikhathini seminyaka engu-16 kuya kweyengu-25. Lapho ukulinganisa kubhalwa i-kalym. Uma umndeni uhlupheka, umakoti angathunjwa, alandelwe umsebenzi.

Amasiko nezinkolelo

Abantu base-Yakut banamasiko amaningi nemikhuba, kusukela ekuchazeni ngisho nenye incwadi ehlukile. Ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nezenzo zemilingo. Isibonelo, ukuvikela izindlu nemfuyo emimoya emibi, i-Yakuts isebenzisa uchungechunge lwamaqhinga. Izingxenye ezibalulekile ngesikhathi esifanayo - umhlobiso wezingubo, imihlobiso nempahla. Futhi, imikhosi ibanjelwe ukuvunwa okuhle, imfucuza yezinkomo, ukuzalwa kwezingane, njalonjalo.

Kuze kube manje, ama-Yakuts alondoloze amasiko namasiko amaningi. Isibonelo, i-Sat yetshe icatshangelwa imilingo, futhi uma owesifazane ebuka, ilahlekelwa amandla ayo. Itholakala esiswini noma isibindi sezilwane nezinyoni. Ngemuva kokukhipha, ihlanganiswe ku-birch bark futhi ifakwe ku-horsehair. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngezinye iziphonso ezisizwa ngo-Sat, ungabangela imvula, umoya noma iqhwa.

Amasiko amaningi namasiko we-Yakuts agcinwe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Isibonelo, bane- feud blood. Kodwa ezikhathini zanamuhla kwafakwa esikhundleni sesihlengo. I-Yakuts inomusa kakhulu, efana nokushintshanisa izipho. Imikhuba ye-Rodilnye ihlotshaniswa nonkulunkulukazi u-Aiyy-syty, obhekwa njengongqongqoshe wezingane.

Ukubethela

I-Yakuts inezinsika eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Futhi lokhu akuyona ingozi, ngoba beyiyinye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zenkambiso yabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Zihlobene nezinkolelo, amasiko amaningi, amasiko namasiko. Wonke ama-hitchhangers anomhlobiso ohlukile, imihlobiso, ukuphakama, isimo.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinsika ezinjalo. Okokuqala (nadvornuyu) kufaka phakathi lezo ezifakiwe eduze nendawo yokuhlala. Ziboshwe kumahhashi. Iqembu lesibili liqukethe izinsika ezisetshenziselwa izinkolo ezihlukahlukene . Futhi ku-tethering yesithathu, efakwe kumkhosi omkhulu we-Yakut u-Ysyakh.

Ama-Yurts we-Yakuts

Ukuhlala kwe-Yakuts kunezindlu eziningana (yurts), ezikude kakhulu komunye nomunye. Indawo yase-Yakut idalwe kusuka ezigodini zokuma nxazonke. Kodwa izihlahla ezincane kuphela ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni, ngoba ukusika izihlahla ezinkulu kubhekwa njengesono. Amasango akhona ohlangothini lwasempumalanga, eya elangeni. Ngaphakathi kwe-yurt kunendawo yokucasha egcwele ubumba. Indawo yokuhlala inamafasitela amaningi amancane. Ngaphandle kwezindonga kukhona imibhede ebanzi yezinto ezihlukahlukene. Emnyango - ophansi kakhulu. Ephezulu, kuphela umnikazi we-yurt olele. Imibhede yelanga ihlukaniswe omunye nomunye ngokuhlukanisa.

Ukwakha i-yurt, indawo ephansi, evikelwe emimoyeni, ikhethiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Yakuts afuna "indawo ejabulisayo". Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezihlahla ezinamandla abahlali kuzo, ngoba sebevele bathathe wonke amandla omhlaba. Kunezikhathi eziningi eziningi ezinjalo, njengaseGain geomancy. Lapho ukhetha indawo yokwakhiwa, ama-yurts aphendukela ku-shaman. Ngokuvamile ama-yurts akha ukufakwa ukuze ahanjiswe ngendlela yokuphila ehamba phambili.

Izingubo zikazwelonke

Indwangu yesizwe yase-Yakuts iqukethe i-caftan ene-breasted eyodwa. Esikhathini esidlule, ebusika, senziwa ngoboya, kanti ehlobo - kusukela esikhumbeni sehhashi noma inkomo. I-caftan inezinhlangothi ezine ezengeziwe kanye nebhande elibanzi. Imikhono iminyene. Ezinyaweni zabo zifakwe izikhumba zesikhumba namasokisi. Ezikhathini zanamuhla ama-Yakuts asebenzisa indwangu yokuthunga izingubo. Baqala ukugqoka amahembe ngamakolishi, beboshwe ngebhande.

Izembatho zemishado zabesifazane zithungwe isikhathi eside, izithende. Kuya phansi ukwandisa. Imikhono nemikhanda zihlotshiswe nge-brocade, indwangu ebomvu neluhlaza, imihlobiso yesiliva, isiqephu sobucwebe. Insimu igcwele uboya bentambo. Lezi zengubo zomshado zizuzwe njengefa. Ekhanda kunokuba iveli libophe izigqoko zoboya ezinezintambo eziphezulu zendwangu emnyama noma ebomvu ehlotshisiwe.

I-Folklore

Ukukhuluma ngamasiko namasiko we-Yakuts, umuntu akanakusiza ukukhuluma ngomlando wabo. Into eyinhloko kuyo i-olonkho yama-epic, okubhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zezinkondlo, futhi ekusebenzeni kufana ne-opera. Lobu buciko bugcinwe kusukela esikhathini esidala. I-Olonkho ifaka izinkolelo eziningi zendabuko. Futhi ngo-2005 lobu buciko buhlonishwa njengefa le-UNESCO.

Izinkondlo ngobude bemigqa eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-15 zenziwa ngabadlali bendaba. Kunabo bonke abangabakhona. Abalandeli kumele babe nesipho se-oratorical, bakwazi ukulungisa, babe nethalenta lomdlali. Inkulumo kufanele ibe nekhiye ehlukile. Ubukhulu obuningi olonkho bungenziwa ngobusuku obuyisikhombisa. Umsebenzi omkhulu kunawo wonke futhi odumile unamigqa ayizinkulungwane ezingu-36 zezinkondlo.