Antinormanskaya theory

Uma kuziwa antinormanskoy theory-ke, kusobala, akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa Norman, kusukela okuyilokho, eqinisweni, odlulela kuqala. Bobabili ucabangela umlando isimo Russian. Ngesisekelo yayo njalo olwenziwa zonke izinhlobo IMIBONO zezombusazwe. Noma kunjalo, nalenkinga njalo babhekana abameleli eziningi wesayensi ahlukahlukene, ezifana nomlando, yezilimi imivubukulo, geography nokunye.

Ukuqala theory Norman wafakwa iminyaka 30-60 of XVIII leminyaka, ososayensi evela eJalimane GF Miller IG Bayer, ngaleso sikhathi wasebenza Academy of Sciences Petersburg. Baye banyathelisa eziningi imisebenzi yesayensi, ezinye okunikezelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela Norman, futhi azibonakalise okokuqala wagomela ukuthi Old isimo Russian wadala amaViking. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wasebenza Russian AL Schlötzer, isazimlando German oye wacwaninga imithombo Russian lasendulo futhi, ikakhulukazi, Nestor Umlobi womlando. Mhlawumbe Schlötzer kube fan ardent ka Norman theory.

Kodwa usosayensi odumile u-MV Lomonosov, owabhala umlando Russia egameni iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth I, kanye nelinye abavelele VT mlando atischevym baphikisana ngokuqinile lo mbono. Antinormanskaya Inkolelo-mbono esekelwe phezu kocwaningo yalezi ososayensi. Babechitha eziningi usesho e imithombo ehlukahlukene isayithi abavubukuli, ukuze uthole iqiniso. Antinormanskaya theory wayebuye isihloko imisebenzi S. Gedeonov owabhala "amaViking futhi Rus '. mlando okulondoloza Ilovajskij D. futhi M. Moroshkin futhi uphenyo ngalesi sihloko futhi walenza bukhona amaqiniso elingenakuphikwa. Ngakho, kukhona izinkomba ezimbili: uNorman antinormanskoe (Slavic) ukuthi bancika irekhodi ezimbili, ngokulandelana, futhi Lavrentian Hypation.

Normanists bakholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa izizwe Norman baqala ukulawula empumalanga lwamaSlav, uziqopha ngenxa kuphangwa ngendlela enokuthula, futhi bayaqiniseka ngokuthi igama elithi "Russia" has Norman imisuka. Ngakwelinye antinormanskaya agumenti umbono uwukuthi esivuna yokuthi leli gama lokuqala waqamba kuwo eside ngaphambi kwalokho, ngo-isikhathi eside kakhulu edlule. Izinkolelo zabo zisekelwe "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", elibonisa ngokuphambene amaqiniso kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela Norman. Kukhona ukuqoshwa eyenziwe 1852, ositshela ukuthi lapho eByzantium wabusa Mikhail, ezweni Russian isivele kwadingeka igama layo. Hypation futhi Laurentian zemihla bathi zonke izizwe enyakatho Slavic wamema Normans ukubusa, Russia kwaba okufanayo. Kodwa abacwaningi DS Likhachev futhi Tikhomirov wenqabe lesi entry nolimi lokuqala futhi zihlanganisa livela khona emibhalweni yaminyaka esikhathini esizayo. Bayachaza lokhu yizizathu zezombangazwe Mol ukuba nimelane nomunye futhi WaseByzantium Kiev Rus. Kuze kube yimanje, umlobi we indaba abadabuka kwamanye amazwe babe izikhulu lwamakhosi.

Yiqiniso, i-Normans kungukuthi njalo ngokuphelele ngokwanele ahumushe amaqiniso angokomlando, kodwa futhi antinormanskaya theory futhi inamaphutha yayo obonakala khulu. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ongaphika ukuthi Normans babekhona eRussia, babekhuthele, ashiye uphawu lwawo kumlando. Abanye bakwenza ukuphika ukuthi ukhona Rurik. Yiqiniso, kungaba kungenzeka, kodwa mancane kakhulu amathuba, ngoba ithumba a lozalo ezinkulu emlandweni. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi uhlu lwamakhosi wezikhulu namakhosi kamuva, lisuselwa encazelweni Igor, kwadingeka isibongo "Rurik" kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XVI.

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka engaphezu kwemibili futhi antinormanskaya Norman imfundiso yokuziphendukela umsuka Old Russian isimo imbangela izingxabano phakathi abalandeli babo. Kodwa ngubani kwesokudla, akekho iphephile ongacela. Kuyo yonke le minyaka wempilo mlando yabo amathiphu esikalini esivuna eyodwa, bese kwelinye icala.