Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV: ngokuya ukulungela, kuphi futhi nini ukuthatha

Namuhla, ukuze ufunde konke igcwele i-HIV. Imigomo ukulungela inqubo, kanye isikhala kwezidingo zayo - zonke lezi zingxenye ukhathazekile nge izakhamuzi eziningi. Ungabi kahle ukuqonda izimo lapho azihlole kumele ngempela ukudlula. Ngempela, eRussia kukhona eziningi izinqubo ezidinga ukuqiniswa impilo isakhamuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela esiphezulu kuyodingeka kahle ulungiselela inqubo. Konke lokhu bonke abantu kufanele bazi kusengaphambili. Kungenjalo, ukuhlaziywa lungapheli umphumela efanele.

Ukunqunywa isifo

Okokuqala udinga ukuthi luhlobo luni isifo embuzweni. Mhlawumbe ukuhlaziywa ngokuqasha ayidingekile? Uma lesi sifo hhayi kuyingozi kakhulu futhi akuyona esithathelwanayo, ukuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni cwaningo.

Eqinisweni, ukutheleleka nge-HIV kuyingozi kakhulu abantu. It libhekene Isifo esithinta isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, uwuchithe. Ngokuvamile, i-HIV - indawo evumayo sokuthuthukiswa AIDS. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba baqonde indlela lesi sifo kuyingozi. AIDS ibizwa ngokuthi esigabeni yokugcina yalesi sifo. It iye yasungula futhi atholwe immunodeficiency.

Lapho udinga ukuhlolwa?

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza lapho ukuthatha i-HIV. Eqinisweni, i-isakhamuzi sinelungelo ukusebenzisa komunye noma kwesinye isikhungo. Okungukuthi, ngesicelo sakhe. Noma kunjalo, kukhona izimo eziningi lapho khona kwesitifiketi ukungabi yokutheleleka nge-HIV kudingeka siqiniseke.

Phakathi kwabo kukhona:

• uhlela ukukhulelwa;
• ukunxenxa;
• sokukhulelwa (kuhlanganise ngephutha);
• Amalungiselelo esibhedlela / ukusebenza;
• isisindo ukunciphisa, ehlome futhi ngokushesha;
• imfiva esiqubukile ngaphandle izizathu futhi awukwazi zingachazwa ngezinqubo khona nezinye izifo;
• uhudo isikhathi eside;
• njalo ocansini okungahleliwe;
• khona izifo, zocansi;
• ukumpontshelwa igazi (emva inqubo);
• lokuzalwa (HIV kwenziwe ngokushesha).

Ngakho, ngokuvamile lokhu ukuhlaziywa inikezwa. Lutho ekhethekile noma eyingozi kuye. Ngokuvamile izakhamuzi ukuze uvumelane afeze isifundo esinjalo, ukukhathazeka ngempilo yabo. Kodwa yini enye idinga ukwazi iziguli?

Kuphi?

Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukuya uthole inkonzo okuthiwa. Okwamanje, izigameko kakhulu. Konke kuncike engu isiguli kanye izintandokazi yakhe.

ukuhlolelwa i-HIV eniyenzayo:

• e zokubelethela;
• izibhedlela;
• imitholampilo (okungenziwa abadala nabancane);
• emitholampilo yangasese;
• laboratories yangasese;
• nezinye zezempilo.

Uqinisile lapho ukusebenzisa? Azikho izincomo eqondile. Esinye nesinye isakhamuzi onquma kanjani futhi kuphi is zihlolelwe igciwane lesandulela ngculaza. izinsuku ukutholakala ngokuvamile ungaxhomeki kuphela ekutadisheni uhlelo, kodwa futhi kusuka kusayithi ukwelashwa. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ezikhungweni zomphakathi emiphumela yokuhlola kudingeke ulinde isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngasese nezikhungo zezokwelapha, imitholampilo kanye laboratories ngezinye izikhathi ukunikela ezahlukene ebanzi of sitholakele isifo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ukuthi ukuhlaziywa HIV zingafundwa izindlela eziningana.

Izinkomba ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa

Ngaphambi ufunde mayelana nezindlela isifo uphethwe, kutuswa ukuba ubone ukuthi iyiphi izimpawu kufanele aye esibhedlela ukwenza ukuhlolwa. On isimo lapho i-HIV kuhloliwe ngempela ukusho. Kodwa kaningi ekuphileni kwangempela kukhona isibalo izimpawu ezenza abantu abacabanga ngazo mayelana nempilo yabo engozini.

Yini amacala adinga lokhu? Igazi-HIV kufanele kuthathwe, uma isakhamuzi izenzakalo ezilandelayo:

• ukwandisa ISIZINDA lymph eziningana, ngokushesha futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa;
• uhudo ophikelelayo, sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto eyikhathalela umuntu;
• izimpawu SARS noma sibi nezifo zokuphefumula, asilapheki;
• unomphela ukujuluka ebusuku;
• okungazelelwe kwesisindo;
• imfiva eziphikelelayo.

Lokhu zikhathi okuphazamisayo lapho kubalulekile ukuphepha kwabo ukwenza i-HIV. Imigomo ukutholakala kanye zokuxilonga izindlela ethulwa ngezansi.

PCR ukuhlola

Le nguqulo yokuqala futhi evamile yokuhlola - a ukuhlola i-PCR. Isetshenziselwa ngokuvamile kakhulu ukuveza noma izifo. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, isifundo kakhulu ulwazi, uma kuziwa ukuthatha ukuhlaziywa isikhwehlela (isibonelo, i-hepatitis noma isifo sofuba).

Nokho, ngokuvamile i-PCR ukuhlola - lena lapho igazi kuthathwa i-HIV. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana yalesi sifo. I-PCR test kuthola ngobuciko eliphezulu kuphela khona ukutheleleka. Kodwa lokho uhlobo ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ucacise. Ngakho-ke, abantu musa njalo bavumelane cwaningo.

immunoblotting

Yini enye ibe i-HIV? Imigomo ukutholakala uzobe umemezele. Okokuqala, kuyasiza ukuqonda isifo izindlela zokuxilonga. Ngaphandle nje kokuthi ukuhlolwa sekushiwo kuyinto immunoblotting ethandwa kakhulu. Kuyinto uhlobo locwaningo immunoassay enzyme.

Isiza igazi ukucacisa omzimba nezifo ezithile. Noma, kunalokho, amaprotheni yabo. Ngokuvamile, kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane isetshenziswa ngemva PCR ukuqinisekisa umphumela. Kuyasiza ukucacisa uhlobo oluthile HIV, eye ukungena emzimbeni womuntu futhi bayindlala kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.

ku kwezokugoma

Uhlaziyo ezilandelayo, okuvumela ukuba sithole khona kwe-HIV abantu - yalolu cwaningo, ukuhlola isimo amasosha omzimba womuntu.

Iqiniso lokuthi HIV kunciphisa lokuhlushwa CD-4 amaseli. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-bacterium ezinhle ukuthi ukuvumela umzimba ulwe izifo ezithize. Njengoba kungaqondakala ukuthi umuntu one-HIV?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa "ku kwezokugoma" ilula kakhulu ukuyiqonda. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, umzimba womuntu awuwona 500 ukuze 1,500 CD-4 amaseli. Uma Inkomba ngezansi 500, khona-ke-HIV, kodwa isifo esanda kutholakala. Imiphumela, okuyinto ibonisa okungenani abangu-200 cells CD-4 - kuba uphawu elishaqisayo. Ngakho, lesi sifo Sekuyisikhathi eside etholakala emzimbeni.

ukuveza

Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ngokushesha zihlolelwe igciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Imigomo ukutholakala uphethwe okusheshayo oda imizuzu 5. Sikhuluma akunembile ngokuphelele, kodwa namanje sokutadisha ngokunenjongo. Isetshenziswa eRussia ezingavamile kakhulu.

Asho ukuthini lokhu ukuhlaziywa? Okuvame kakhulu ukuhlolwa okusheshayo. It has uhlobo isiqeshana okhethekile, esidingeka iconsa igazi. Ngemva 5-10 imizuzu, ukubheka umphumela. Kungaba noma kuhle noma kube kubi. Umthelela lolu hlobo uphethwe kungafaniswa ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa.

Kunesidingo socwaningo olufanayo ku-HIV alikho ukufuneka kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-awokuthi amaphutha kanye nemiphumela olungalungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo ukutheleleka novivinyo olunjalo kungasizi ukuchaza.

IFA

Kanye-PCR uphethwe ngokuvamile aqokwe ELISA ukuhlaziywa. Yena, kanye isisihla Western, ukucacisa khona amasosha amaprotheni-HIV. Ngokuvamile, azihlole ayikuvumeli ukuxilongwa esichazayo. Wayengekhona ephawulekayo ukunemba kwayo.

Odokotela aveze ukuthi ngokuvamile yona kanye ELISA inika yi zamanga-HIV. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kungenxa ukwakheka kwama-molecule ye-omzimba. Iningi izifo iyafana isakhiwo amasosha HIV. Ngakho-ke, sithola umphumela omuhle ukuhlolwa igazi, kodwa isithombe real uyokhuluma ephambene. Esimweni esinjalo, ukuhlaziya iyaphindwa indlela ebekiwe noma yokuhlola.

izinsuku ukutholakala

Ithemu we ukuhlolwa igazi-HIV lihlukile. Ithi ncamashi kangakanani-ke kuzodingeka silinde imiphumela, ngeke sikwazi. Phela, impendulo kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi. Phakathi lezi ngokuvamile ziyasho ukuthi yilawa alandelayo:

• uhlobo isikhungo;
• laboratories umsebenzi;
• inketho Yokucwaninga ekhethiwe.

Kuye kuthiwe ukuthi imiphumela kwezibhedlela nokuwumsebenzi kuzodingeka silinde isikhathi eside kunaleso ezikhungweni yangasese. Yingakho abaningi bakhetha lakamuva. Ngokuvamile bavumela e esikhathini esifishane ukuze uthole imiphumela inembe kakhulu kunazo zonke cwaningo.

Kuleso sibhedlela zomphakathi ku cwaningo isilinganiso HIV / ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo ukulungela zokukhokha setha zingakapheli izinsuku 4-5. Futhi, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, lesi sikhathi isebenza yiluphi uhlobo locwaningo. Ngemva kokuhlolwa okusheshayo izikhungo isimo Russian Federation alinikezi.

Kodwa esikhathini womshini ukuhlolwa kwegazi-HIV emitholampilo yangasese ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Kodwa umkhuba, lesi sibalo kuyehla kube usuku olulodwa. Lokho, ngosuku olulandelayo kwezinye emitholampilo yangasese izolungela imiphumela yokuhlolelwa i-HIV. Uma kukhona test okusheshayo-ke, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, singathola impendulo ethile 5-10 imizuzu. Nokho, naphezu kobunzima ijubane ukuthola imiphumela, it is hhayi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa uhlobo esifanayo sokufunda.

ukuqeqeshwa

Manje kuyacaca ukuthi abaningi bazimisele ukuhlolelwa i-HIV. Iphuzu okubalulekile ukulungiselela for the test. Iqiniso lokuthi non-ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile, ungakwazi uthole umphumela olungalungile. Futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki izindlela ezikhethiwe zokuxilonga.

Yini amathiphu namasu kufanele uvumele odokotela? Okokuqala, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi ukulethwa yokuhlaziya kutuswa ulungise ukudla. Ukuphungula izinto ezixabana nomzimba, kanye ukudla okunamafutha. Okwesibili, kungcono zihlolelwe igciwane lesandulela ngculaza esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni. Phuza noma ungazange Kunconywa. Desirably, indlala nkathi 8 amahora. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukuncika umphumela olunembile kakhulu.

Baphi amasampula egazi? kusukela umunwe kanye emithanjeni - Kukhona 2 izinketho. Umphumela olunembile kunazo unikeza igazi emithambo yegazi. It is ethathwe umthambo, esemgwaqweni at bend we indololwane. Inqubo cishe kobuhlungu ngokuphelele. Igazi umunwe, njengoba besho odokotela yesimanje, akukuniki elamukelekile.

Mhlawumbe kungenxa zonke izici lapho isiguli idinga ukwazi. Okwamanje eRussia i-HIV zingafundwa ngokungaziwa. Lelo lungelo kukhona zonke izakhamuzi. Futhi ngo izikhungo zokwelapha manje yangaphambi kokuvela kwaleso sifo kuyadingeka ukuba asayine kwemvume ahlukene nokuthatha ukuhlaziywa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, Abantu ngeke bathathe igazi i-HIV.

Izindleko isilinganiso uphethwe zokhahlamba kusuka 300 ruble 2500 nokuningi. Konke kuncike emtholampilo, kanye indlela yokuhlola igazi. Lolu lwazi kungcono ucacise umuntu ngamunye. Isikhathi sokuba ukusebenza ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kungenzeka futhi ancike izindleko inqubo.