Ifonetiki-lwemisindvo hypoplasia yokukhuluma - kokunikezwa kwe-yokubiza imisindo kanye nombono phonemes ngu indlebe

Abazali bayajabula izingane zabo lapho uqale ukuphimisa imisindo kuqala, bese amaqoqo amagama alula. Uma Yinhle oneminyaka emibili emithathu ingane ithi "fyfka" esikhundleni "yinhlama" noma "upende" esikhundleni "umdlavuza", kusolakala njengento enhle. Kodwa uma ingane Ubuyisé emine noma emihlanu, kodwa namanje akakwazi ukusho eziningi imisindo, siphendukezela amazwi noma ukukhuluma, ukuze kunzima ukuqonda, singasho kugcwale akubheke FFNR. Lokhu isifinyezo imele ifonotiki kanye lwemisindvo inkulumo nokungathuthuki. Lokhu ukuhlukumeza akuyona ingozi njengoba kungase kubonakale sengathi omama kanye obaba. Uma ingane akakwazi latimviwa ukuhlukanisa efanayo Ukushaywa phonemes, ke cishe njalo umbangela nobunzima e isipelingi ukufunda, kanye nemisho ngekhanda, izinkondlo. ingane enjalo kunzima ukuzivumelanisa ehlangana nomphakathi wesikolo, futhi esikhathini esizayo ukuqaphela yena empilweni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba ulungise FFNR, ngisho e-zasenkulisa yobudala.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza ulwazi kungani izingane kufanele iziyaluyalu lokhona ekuphimisweni, futhi yiziphi izindlela ukulungisa le nkinga.

hypoplasia Ifonetiki-lwemisindvo yokukhuluma kokwelashwa: kuyini?

Kukhona incazelo ecacile yokuthi kuyini FFNR. Ngo ukwelapha amalimi, lokhu kusho kwephulwe womuntu kumiswa izinqubo proiznositelnoj uhlelo ulimi kubangelwa ukukhubazeka ukulalela kanye pronunciation of phonemes. Sichaza ukuthi phoneme. Le nkulumo ibhekisela iyunithi ubuncane ulimi smyslorazdelitelnuyu futhi ngandlela-thile ufana umqondo "umsindo". Abazali zihlale bamangale lapho bezwa ingane kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini kahle "ukuphulwa ezwé kwemisindvo." Iqiniso lokuthi kukhona ezimbili imiqondo ezwé - yemvelo (nekhono lokuqonda kokuzwa imisindo kwezwe elisizungezile) kanye lwemisindvo (ikhono lokuhlukanisa ngokucacile futhi sihlaziye phonemes). Uma sinqamukile, izingane nikuzwe omdala kahle, kodwa awukwazi phakathi kwemisindo efanayo, 'ezinjengolimi "kusukela" g "noma" b "kusukela" n ". Ngenxa yalokho, bephinda futhi ukhumbule ukuthi abakushoyo kodwa indlela bezwa ukuthi kuthiweni. Kulokhu, lo intelligence wengane kungase kube zisencane ezingeni elifanele.

ngezigaba

Inkulumo iziyaluyalu kungenzeka omnene, in the medium futhi ezisindayo.

Khanyisa kwenzeka uma ingane ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa futhi ukusho kuphela abanye phonemes ikakhulukazi eziyinkimbinkimbi noma inhlanganisela yawo.

Ifomu isilinganiso sitholakale uma ukuhlukumeza sokuhlaziya umsindo eyingozi. Kulokhu, ingane ingavumi ukuhlukanisa kahle futhi alisho nabaningi phonemes. Lapho ufunda futhi ubhala izingane ezinjalo wenze amaphutha ethize kungxoxo kahle ukukhiqiza kabusha sakhi ngasinye emagameni.

Sinzima libhekene iziyaluyalu ezijulile ifonotiki. Izingane nale nkinga musa ukuhlukanisa phonemes ngu indlebe, angazi kanjani ukwaba nabo amazwi, ukusungula ukulandelana zabo, ukwakha sakhi ngasinye emagameni. Cishe njalo lapho ezinzima inqanyuliwe futhi kunzima ukuliqonda abanye inkulumo FFNR izingane.

izizathu

hypoplasia Ifonetiki-lwemisindvo yokukhuluma - kuba isici ukuthi azalwa naso noma bathenga. Azalwa naso singenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

- ezinye izifo lezinceku;

- toxemia okunzima nokukhulelwa;

- ezahlukene rezuz isici igazi umntwana unina;

- lokuzalwa nzima, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kukhona ukulimala ezisanda kubelethwa;

- asphyxia;

- izifo nokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ngazuza hypoplasia ifonotiki-lwemisindvo yokukhuluma - isici, kwakheka ngaphansi kwethonya izimo zenhlalo, ezifuywayo kanye nezinye kwemvelo, lapho umntwana wakhulela okuyinto. Izimbangela nokungathuthuki yokukhuluma ingane ingahle ibe:

- ukulimala uhlaka apharathasi vocal;

- enqabayo nomphakathi kanye, ngenxa yalokho, izimo zokuphila lapho umntwana uhlala;

- KuFundZa emkhayeni;

- Izimo inkulumo enganele (ingane usuku lonke ukuze yena, cishe wahlanganyela naye);

- yokulimala ekwakhiweni kwemisila dentition;

- psihotravmaticheskie isimo;

- izifo izinsiza sokuzwa nokubukwayo (wafakazela ukuthi iningi lezingane ngubani unezinkinga umbono kanye / noma ukuzwa, lapho FFNR).

izimpawu

Ifonetiki-lwemisindvo hypoplasia yokukhuluma - kuyinto ingane isici ukukhuluma hhayi kuphela. Ukuthi lokhu kwakuphambene nemvelo kungenzeka i-signal nokwephula ngendlela impilo zabantu ezincane kangaka, njenge:

- Ngodebe yokuhlukanisa kanye / noma ulwanga;

- ulwanga eliphezulu kakhulu (ebizwa Gothic);

- bite ukukhubazeka;

- CNS nokuvuthwa ukubambezeleka (akumelwe kudidaniswe ene-cerebral palsy);

- izifo kwezitho izinhlelo.

Izingane nge FFNR kungase kudingeke izici zokuziphatha okunjalo futhi zokuxhumana:

- Ukwehluleka ukucacisa ukuhambisana (inkulumo apharathasi abakwazi kahle nokuzala phoneme);

- ukuntengantenga ukunakwa;

- nobunzima e ziguquka zisuka ekilasini eyodwa kuya kwenye;

- ukuvinjelwa inani lememori;

- nobunzima ekuvisiseni nasekukhiciteni echaza imiqondo abstract;

- nobunzima ukuphimisela phonemes behlukanisiwe amazwi ehlongozwayo;

- amaphutha ukusetshenziswa tandziso nokwenziwa amazwi endabeni kulungile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo izingane ku ulwazimagama lwabo yobudala okwanele.

Yiziphi izinhlobo FFNR

hypoplasia Ifonetiki-lwemisindvo yokukhuluma ngesikhathi zasenkulisa esikoleni samabanga aphansi abantwana sibonakalise komgomo ezinjalo zvukoproiznosheniya:

- esikhundleni unomphela umsindo nzima kuzo kalula (hhayi "isithombe" nokuthi "kaltina", hhayi "bug" futhi "CCT");

- transposition imisindo ngamagama (hhayi "kodwa", kanye "iphoyisa");

- yokuncishiswa amazwi ususe kusukela amaqoqo zabo ngabanye (hhayi "kumklami" futhi "chaschik", hhayi "ukukhulisa" futhi "Poma");

- "ukugwinya" ngamunye emagameni (hhayi "rocket" futhi "Aketi", hhayi "iyisitshulu" futhi "umule");

- ukusetshenziswa engasimeme phonemes (kwezinye izimo ingane ingakha uwaphimisa kahle, kwabanye - ezinamaphutha);

- inhlanganisela imisindo;

- esikhundleni omunye umsindo eziningana (isibonelo, umsindo "sh" futhi "c" kanye "h" uphinyiswa "t").

- esikhundleni samalunga amagama nge phonemes kanzima (hhayi "cap" futhi "syapka", hhayi "indebe" futhi "Syasko").

Lezi zingane FFNR sengathi ezinamafutha akahle, silulumagama sabo usongene. Kamuva abakubona dysgraphia, okungukuthi, ungabhali kanye ziyezwa.

ukuhlola

Ukwephulwa zvukoproiznosheniya izingane ngaphandle kokwelashwa bangaba inkinga engathí sina futhi kudingeka aphathe it sina. Ephambi kwezinduna isici enjalo ingane kumele kudlule luhlolo olunzulu nge ukuvakashelwa kadokotela inkulumo Umeluleki, ENT, ophthalmologist, udokotela wezinzwa kanye nodokotela wezingane. Isiguli kancane ubekwa ikhadi inkulumo ekhethekile lapho udokotela iphawula ulwazi Yiqiniso yokukhulelwa, nonina, izici ukuzalwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila.

ENT ukunikeza umbono isimo izinsizakuzwa, amanothi kudokotela wamehlo okunethiwethi ukuthi kukhona izinkinga kanye umbono, futhi isazi sezifo zezingane - khona noma ukungabi khona comorbidities.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, senza uphenyo isimo futhi ukuhamba ukuhambisana apharathasi lesiguli kanye ukuhlola isimo imisebenzi lamaqembu zokuphefumula.

Inkulumo owelapha beqhuba izivivinyo ukuthi ukunquma onjani ukwephulwa zvukoproiznosheniya ingane (esikhundleni imisindo, ukudideka kwabo, ukuhlanekezela nokunye).

ukwelashwa

Lapho sitholakele "FFNR" sadikovskogo yobudala lebantfwana lababhaliswe logopedichesuyu iqembu elikhethekile, elibhekene nomse- nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma nabo. Ukulungiswa ifonotiki-lwemisindvo inkulumo nokungathuthuki wenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu:

1. Preparatory. Thishela uqhuba imisebenzi eminingana ukuthi baqinise guys yokubiza imisindo kakade yingcweti kubo (onkamisa nongwaqa, kanzima futhi ezithambile), inikeza imisebenzi ngendlela playful, izingane ukuthuthukisa nombono wabo lwemisindvo lezi imisindo, ucwaningo lwabo.

2. kwamangqamuzana. Kulesigaba ingane umenyiwe ukuqhathanisa indlebe phonemes wafunda kahle Ukushaywa efanayo. ngokukhethekile kufanele inikwe i-unkamisa umsindo indlela efanele yokubiza amagama kwalowo ukucaciseleka yokukhuluma iyonke incike.

3. Final. Lesi sigaba kuyinto okunzima kakhulu. Ingane ifunda imiqondo "isitayela", "umsindo", "izwi", izifundo, yiziphi imisindo inquma inani izwi, wenza ukuhlaziya kanye synthesis amaqoqo ezinhlamvu, ukufunda ukushintsha amagama esikhundleni onkamisa noma ongwaqa (isibonelo, "Poppy" - "ukuvenisha", "inkabi" - "kushaft").

Hand motor amakhono ezinganeni nge FFNR

Kasibili thembeke esungulwe ukuthi lokuphuma phambili okumisiwe kumiswa ukunyakaza okunembile kanye ezicashile neminwe oluthinta ngqo FFNR e kokwelashwa. Kusho ukuthini? inkulumo Human kuwumphumela umsebenzi ehlelekile ezingxenyeni eziningi zobuchopho esinika oda articular emizimbeni. Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi lokho izingane emihle motor amakhono yeminwe elihambisana ubudala, zokukhuluma futhi kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso. Ngakho-ke, izingane FFNR amakilasi kudingekile, ukuthuthukisa motor amakhono:

- edlala iminwe;

- umzimba ukuze izandla neminwe;

- izivivinyo ezikhethekile (alo Umumo KaMose, stringing ubuhlalu, ukubunjwa ngebumba, yokudweba izithombe).

ukuhambisana umzimba

Inhloso yalezi amaseshini ukuqinisa imisipha ukuhambisana ingane (olimini, ezindebeni ulwanga ezithambile), ukuthuthukiswa ukuhamba nokuqeqeshwa nokuhamba kwazo umahluko yabo. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukukwenza izivivinyo phambi kwesibuko noma nokusetshenziswa izinto ezikhethekile (spatula yezokwelapha nezinkezo abavamile, izingono, kanye nezinye). Ngokwesibonelo, umsindo "sh" ingafundiswa ukuthi esebenzisa umzimba okunjalo:

1. "Fence" (elula ukuze azobonakala namazinyo engenhla nengezansi, bese uqale ukucindezela ukumamatheka ngezindebe zabo).

2. "Iwindi" (umlomo wakhe ukuba ingabonakala, namazinyo yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi).

3. "spatula" (umlomo kancane evulekile, ukusakaza-ukhozi phezu ephansi lip ulimi bese uthi "uFata Sa-uFata Sa-uFata Sa". Ulimi Wide ukuba balandise 10).

4. "Cup" (udinga umlomo wakho kancane ebanzi, siphakamise ulimi, awusebenzi uthinte amazinyo, bese uzama ukuthi siphakamise imiphetho kanye tip).

5. "Delicious ujamu" (umlomo uvulwe kakhulu, ukhotha izindebe zakhe, lokuhambisa ulimi akuyona kwesokunxele kwesokudla kanye phezulu phansi).

Ukubikezela kanye nokuvinjelwa

Ukuthi kwakungekho ukuphambuka ekuthuthukisweni inkulumo kwengane, kubalulekile ukuba ubambe imihlangano ejwayelekile nabo. Ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, basuke uhlikihla iminwe, kungxoxo njalo nengane. Esikhathini esizayo, ungeze ezihlukahlukene imidlalo, uneminyaka efanele, ngifunda izincwadi nokunye. Into ebalulekile iwukuba ukuvakashelwa njalo udokotela nochwepheshe ukuze abone ngeziphambeko kungenzeka kusaqalwa. Uma ukulungiswa inkulumo wengane iqale ngesikhathi, njengoba umthetho, bokwenza kuyaqedwa ngokuphelele.