Kanjani kwaba: Norman ithiyori

Ngokokuqala ngqá Norman theory ayesekhulile ososayensi ezintathu isiJalimane, G. Miller, A. futhi G. Schletzer Bayer by, phakathi nekhulu X VIII, kanye ezako amabili eminyaka, le mpikiswano emhlabeni wakhe akazange ayeke.

Ngesisekelo theory, ukubeka nganekwane ubudala, owawuthi Eastern lwamaSlav babe namaqaba uncouth, kuyilapho amaViking Awukasethi unyawo emazweni Slavic futhi wona izisekelo kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo kanye ekuqaleni isiko.

Norman theory "ngoba" futhi "ngokumelene"

Ngokwemvelo, njenganoma iyiphi ithiyori, has abalandeli bayo nabaphikisi, futhi ngesikhathi theory Norman has kokubili kwabalandeli bayo kubantu abacabanga aluhlaza cwe. imicabango Okokuqala ngalobu buthakathaka kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela benziwa MV Lomonosov. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi zokuphikisana asebenzayo Kwagqashuka mayelana umthelela amaViking eRussia, okuyinto ithole echo yayo emibhalweni abalobi abaningi. Kodwa lo main inkinga antinormanistov (abantu ophike lokhu theory impande) kwaba ukungakwazi ekuphikiseni isisekelo salo - "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", njengoba lo mkhiqizo iye yaqashelwa ngokomthetho njengezwe Umlando, emthonjeni wokuqala.

Nakuba Normanists wanikeza incazelo negama elithi "Rus" lisuselwa Scandinavians, abaphikisi babo ngenkuthalo ngifuna ezinye izinguqulo, okuyizinto okungenani ayeyokwazi ngandlela-thile akusibekele Norman. Inhlamvu kule mpikiswano ukubeka V Thomsen, ngubani ngo-1891 wanyathelisa iphepha onesihloko esithi "Ukuqala isimo Russian." Kuyo, Wagomela kubonakala imibono eziyisisekelo lapho waphumula Norman theory, ngemva kwalokho-mlando eziningi antiromanisty wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela umsuka zaseScandinavia Russia kungenziwa babhekwa efakazelwe.

isithakazelo okusha ngemvelaphi Rus esaphakama kwamaSoviet, lapho umbono komlando Russian kubonakala ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Phakathi nale nkathi, uNorman theory usebhekene elinye sibonga ukugxekwa ethi AA Shakhmatova. Lo msebenzi sanikezelwa umsuka lwamaSlav futhi isimo Russian.

Ngokwalolu cwaningo yayo umlando yasungulwa ukuthi kamuva futhi unauthentic kubhala indzaba mayelana nezikhulu ukubizwa varyazheskih - we indatshana, eyayisekelwe lonke Norman theory. Enye ezinkulu antinormanistskim indzaba, Published in the 20s, kwaba incwadi okugunyaziwe by Smirnov "iVolga Umzila lasendulo Rus ', lapho wazama ukuphikisa lo mbono, usebenzisa lasendulo azibhala Arab abalobi. Encwadini yakhe ethi, Smirnov ayeyazi ukuvela isimo Russian lasendulo akuyona indlela eyaziwa "kusukela amaViking namaGreki", futhi umzila iVolga "kusukela Baltic Sea -. EVolga ukuze yoLwandle iCaspian" Ngokusho bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, umbuso wokuqala Russian kwamiswa eVolga Ephakathi. Umqondo esisha umsuka lwamaSlav kwaba ngempela ezithakazelisayo futhi original, Nokho akukholisi, ngakho ayizange bamsekela ngisho kubantu antinormanskoy esikoleni.

Iningi theory Norman sasekelwa angaphandle ososayensi mlando, Yena owawumisa okholwa ukungakwazi lwamaSlav yemvelo self-ukuthuthukiswa ngaphandle kokungenela angaphandle nesiqondiso. Ikakhulukazi, it is iqhutshelwe phambili esikhathini sempi eJalimane lobuNazi. Kuze kube manje, le ndaba yokungaziphathi kumiswa isimo Russian saphela olufanele mlando. Kule minyaka engu-30 edlule, izincwadi ezibhaliwe eziningi izihloko ngale ndaba, kodwa ngokuphelele akusho ukunqoba kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela Norman.

A nethonya elikhulu futhi sibalulekile Varangian izikhulu kwi ukwakheka isimo Russian lasendulo ayikwazi seye noma ukukhohlwa, kodwa futhi ungeqisi kakhulu hhayi zinkulu. UNorman antinormanskaya theory Unelungelo khona, okuyinto wabo empeleni kweqiniso, sifunda hhayi ngokushesha.