Surface umfutho womoya - umlando ukutholakala

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kobuso Umhlaba lizungezwe wembozwe wumoya. Itholakala kwi ebusweni iplanethi amashumi kanye namakhulu amakhilomitha up. Kodwa okumangalisayo izakhiwo emoyeni ngesikhathi surface eMhlabeni Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu. Emoyeni osizungezile awunzima neze ngakho, obala futhi ezingabonakali, abantu abazange ngisho waqaphela ukuthi kunomthelela unomphela zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Lokhu kwaqala ubonile 1640. Nangesikhathi lwaphuka umthombo esigodlweni uMbusi Tuscany ithala. Amanzi akakwazanga ukuphatha ukukhulisa ukuphakama eside. Ukuchazwa lomkhuba aphakanyisiwe Torricelli. Bona baye basikisela ukuthi kukhona ingcindezi emoyeni lapho enza zonke esisogwini komhlaba. Ukuqinisekisa imicabango yakhe, wathatha ngamapayipi ingilazi, komunye umkhawulo okuyinto kokuvalelwa, yasigcwalisa mercury. Ukuphela khulula tube Torricelli ibekwe esitsheni flat nge mercury.

I-mercury e isitsha zashona phansi, ukuphakama kwalo ngaphezu kobuso esitsheni kwaba 760 amamilimitha angu. Ngakho kwaba ngowokuqala ukubonisa ukuthi kukhona ingcindezi komoya kanye nokucindezela barometric kulinganiswa. It ulinganiswa ngamamilimitha mercury. ngoba mercury ikholomu kwaba idivayisi wokuqala walolu hlobo, le kulinganiswa kangaka okuthiwa barometric ingcindezi. Lo mphumela kuchazwe umane - umfutho womoya phezu ngebutho ilingane isisindo mercury ukuba 760 amamilimitha angu ukuphakama.

Le miphumela yayisho kuqinisekiswa usosayensi French Pascal. Wasikisela ukuthi umfutho womoya kuncike ukuphakama ngaphezu komhlabathi. Ayanda ingcindezi kufanele sibe sincane. izilinganiso yakhe awahlala amashubhu wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Baphuthunyiswe entabeni, ukuhlola kwenziwa khona. Imiphumela kwafakazela nokucabanga Pascal - ezingeni amanzi tube ephakamisa phezulu intaba esingaphansi phezu.

Uma thina kanjalo ngokujulile egxilile kokutholakala umlando umfutho womoya, kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule okwenzeka kwenziwe ngo-1654 emzini laseMagdeburg usosayensi German Otto von Guericke. Wathatha ama- ezimbili, wazihlanganisa ndawonye futhi akhishwa kusukela yangaphakathi emoyeni omningi. amahhashi sleds ezimbili, ngayinye yaba e isiqondiso salo edonsa ayikwazanga ukuhlukanisa kusuka kwamanye Nenkabazwe ngamunye. Yilokho bona isibambo kanjani kanzima umfutho womoya.

Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ubufakazi juqu we kucatshangwa khona umfutho womoya. ososayensi Ngemva kwalokho waziphatha ucwaningo ngqo umkhathi umphumela ingcindezi barometric emzimbeni abantu nezilwane. Ungakhohlwa mayelana ekutadisheni sezulu nasekuhlanganeni kwawo nesihloko umfutho womoya. Ayeba ingcindezi nesilinganiso at eziphakeme ezahlukene e ezahlukene ezindaweni, amaphethini kanye Kutholwe ingcindezi emoyeni ngenxa zemvelo

Manje ngoba ingcindezi nesilinganiso akasebenzisi ngamapayipi nge mercury futhi aneroid ekhethekile. Kusekelwe, umfutho womoya inzwa ibhokisi lensimbi surface lukathayela, okuyinto unamathele nokukhomba umcibisholo esikalini yokucindezela ithuluzi emoyeni. idivayisi ezinjalo kukodwa ezincane kakhulu mercury barometer futhi ingasetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima ensimini.

Mangisho ukuthi ukutholakala kanye okwengeziwe ekutadisheni umfutho womoya iye yaba nendima enkulu kulolu cwaningo kanye nokuqonda izinqubo eziningi ezenzeka Emhlabeni. Izinguquko esimweni sezulu, izishingishane futhi anticyclones, ithonya sezulu emzimbeni wabantu iwukusebenzisa ngenxa yezinguquko umfutho womoya. Ngakho solwazi lwethu lwamanje mayelana nezwe kanye nezempilo zisekelwe Okutholwe izazi medieval buchopho.

Lapha umlando nemvelaphi kanye ekutadisheni imiqondo ezifana umfutho womoya ukuthi kuhlolwe. ukuchaza ucwaningo banikezwe kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa theory entsha sikhathi, kuchazwa indlela nesilinganiso umfutho womoya wenziwa.