Izinjini Thermal. Izinhlobo ukushisa izinjini

Heat injini - umshini owenza umsebenzi ngokusebenzisa uphethiloli amandla. Umshini usebenzela injini ezinjalo, oguqula energy ezishisayo ku-mechanical osebenza ukunwetshwa izinto eziluthayo ukubaluleka lokushisa.

Eyokuqala ukushisa injini uvele wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. It has yangaphandle omlilo ophephela ezisebenza umusi. Kodwa ngenxa eliphansi ubuciko, kokusungulwa awuzange athuthukile. Ukuqhubeka ayengekho nomthelela futhi ngokushesha base ukhohlwe. Kamuva, e-China kwakukhona inganono neziqhumane futhi neziqhumane rocket. Kwakuyisikhathi idivayisi elula. Ngokombono walaba izihambisimshini powder awuzange shisisa motor rocket, kodwa ngokombono physics kuyinto injini ukushisa. Kakade ekhulwini le-17, ososayensi baye bazama usungula ukushisa injini esekelwe isibhamu powder.

Izinhlobo ukushisa izinjini

I ezishisayo zangaphandle omlilo izinjini:

1. Stirling injini - idivayisi ezishisayo lapho konemimoya gaseous noma uketshezi ukusebenza kwenza ngokunyakaza ezindaweni avalelwe. Le divayisi kusekelwe lwaluyophola gqwa Ukushisa uketshezi ukusebenza. Uma lokhu ekhishwe amandla ukuthi kwenzeka uma umthamo ukusebenza komzimba. injini Stirling kungenziwa inikwa amandla yi-yimuphi umthombo ukushisa.

2. Steam izinjini. inzuzo yabo eyinhloko - kuba lula futhi omuhle kakhulu izimfanelo traction, okuyinto akuphazamisi ukusebenza. Ngakho kungenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle gearbox. Lokhu injini umusi eqhathanisa kahle kusukela yangaphakathi omlilo injini at revs ongaphakeme elikhiphe amandla enganele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, injini umusi is sizikhandle asetshenziswa njengendlela motor traction. Okumbi: kahle ongaphakeme, isivinini esiphansi, njalo ukugeleza kwamanzi nophethiloli, isisindo ezinkulu. Ngaphambi injini umusi babe injini kuphela. Kodwa zidinga eningi uphethiloli umnkantsha ebusika. Khona-ke, baye kancane kancane indawo izinjini, yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini, umusi abaphehla ugesi kanye negesi, okuyinto abe compact, ephakeme kahle, eziningi kangaka zikamoba kanye nekghono.

Ukushisa amandla omlilo izinjini:

1. ICE (imele yangaphakathi omlilo engine), - nenjini, okuyinto ngesikhathi ukuhlinzwa, ingxenye uphethiloli ovuthayo iguqulwe ibe amandla lokukhanda. Reciprocating yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini kuhluke uhlobo fuel (igesi kanye nama-liquid) lomjikelezo komsebenzi (ezimbili futhi ezine-unhlangothi), yi-indlela kulungiselelwa ingxube zokusebenza (umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli, diesel), amandla uhlobo lokuguqulwa (ophephela kuhlangene, piston futhi esisheshayo). Eyokuqala yangaphakathi omlilo injini yasungulwa futhi lakhiwa E. Lenoir ngo-1860. Umjikelezo yokusebenza siqukethe imivimbo ezine, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lokhu injini ubizwa nangokuthi-stroke ezine. Okwamanje, lokhu injini kuvamile kakhulu izimoto.

2. rotary yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Njengoba isibonelo, i ukushisa esiteshini kagesi ezisebenza isizinda kanye isiqongo izindlela. Lolu hlobo injini lilula futhi kungadalwa imuphi usayizi. Esikhundleni pistons esetshenziswa Rotor ujikeleze indawana ekhethekile. Kuyo kukhona nemifula elise ezithengisa, futhi i-plug inhlansi. Kulesi hlobo ezine-unhlangothi umjikelezo design wenziwa ngaphandle isikhathi. Ku-rotary yangaphakathi omlilo injini angasebenzisa uphethiloli ezishibhile. Wabuye cishe kudala nokudludliza, eshibhile futhi ephephile ukukhiqiza kuka piston ukushisa izinjini.

3. Rocket futhi jet ukushisa izinjini. Ingqikithi yalezi amadivaysi iwukuba wagxila wadala hhayi nesikulufu, futhi ukudedela le amagesi qeda yenjini. Ungakha izifiso emkhathini ngaphandle emoyeni. Kukhona okuqinile, uketshezi kanye hybrid).

Futhi zenyathi zokugcina - a izinjini turboprop ukushisa. Ukudalwa amandla kwenzeka ngenxa screw futhi ngenxa umthelela qeda amagesi.