Dialectics kuyikhono -

Dialectics kuyikhono - ukukhuluma, ukuxoxa (ngesiGreki). Namuhla, ekuqondeni leli gama Kuthi ebanzi. Ngakho, ngo-definition wanamuhla dialectic - iyona ndlela futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ulwazi engokoqobo, imfundiso yokungafi ubuqotho bomhlaba imithetho jikelele, lapho kukhona ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga, umphakathi kanye nemvelo. Kukholakala ukuthi uSocrates waba ngowokuqala ngubani esethula eside.

Lo mbono ngokwethembeka ngokoqobo ezizungezile kwamiswa kulo ukuthuthukiswa wefilosofi. Izingxenye imibono dialectical eziqukethwe imibhalo yefilosofi zefilosofi Chinese, Rome, India, bese kuba iGrisi. Kuze kube manje, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomlando yokufundisa.

Eyokuqala kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso dialectic nokuguqulwa. Le mfundiso lasendulo kubonakala ngokucacile kubonakala e nefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo, emibhalweni Heraclitus Efesu.

Heraclitus Babekholelwa ukuthi yonke into sihlala sishintsha emhlabeni, konke okukhona futhi alikho ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuba inqubo njalo ukunyamalala futhi ukuvela. Isazi sefilosofi wazama ukuchaza ushintsho kuzo zonke izinto sikhulele bahlukene yabo.

Ngemva kwalokho, imfundiso yasungulwa ezikoleni uPlato futhi USocrates. Lesi sakamuva kubhekwe ukuthi dialectic - kuyikhono embule iqiniso nalapho ebhekene e impikiswano engqubuzanayo. Ngokusho uPlato, imfundiso kwaba ndlela enengqondo, ngawo kukhona ulwazi ngezinto - ukuhamba siwathumbela imiqondo eliphakeme kakhulu izinga lobugebengu.

Ifomu yesibili kubhekwa zomlando idealist dialectic okwethulwa ezincwadini zasendulo yefilosofi zefilosofi German (Kant, Hegel, Schelling).

Lokhu kuthambekela ifinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme nokuthuthuka ifilosofi Hegel. Ngokwe-sazi, ama-dialectic - akuyona kuphela art KWEMIBONO, mpikiswano, ingxoxo, kodwa nibheka umhlaba wonkana. Hegel ukuthi le ndlela ukuqonda ngokoqobo uyakucabangela ukungalandelani zomhlaba, izinqubo ubuhlobo, izinto kanye nemicimbi, izinguquko, izinga ukuguqulwa, kanye izinguquko ayanda kusukela aphansi ngokuphika ukwamukelwa akusebenzi futhi ekhula, elisha.

Nokho, imibono Hegel sika ezakhiwa, esekelwe ngesinqumo sesiKhulu idealist main mbuzo zefilosofi, futhi ayikwazanga uhambisane kuze kube sekupheleni. Engxoxweni yakhe sazi kungenzeka kuphela "ukuqagela" le dialectic sezinto. Ukuthuthukiswa emhlabeni ngokuvumelana Hegel kunqunywa ngokuhambisana self-ukuthuthukiswa , "umqondo ngokuphelele," ezingaqondakali "ukuthula kwengqondo" ku ngemuva ama-agumenti ngaye.

Okwesithathu eliphakeme ifomu zomlando ubhekwa le dialectic izinto. Lokhu model isuselwe Marx. Ekhulula dialectic Hegelian izakhi ezingaqondakali futhi ukukhohliseka.

Ukuze imfundiso kaMarx libhekene umnqopho isifundo imihlola, ukulwela ukuba baqonde into ngokwayo, eyinkimbinkimbi ubudlelwano amaningi kwezinye izinto. ngokucacile kakhulu lezi imibono ziyabonakala emfundisweni dialectic subjective futhi umgomo.

Injongo, ngokuvumelana Marx, ukuthuthukiswa ukuhamba emhlabeni njengasezulwini linye. Kulokhu, lo dialectic akuphazamisi ingqondo yomuntu nesintu.

Marx subjective kubhekwe ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokunyakaza imibono, imicabango, ezibonisa zonke mgomo engqondweni.

Ngakho, eyinhloko dialectic inhloso kanye subjective - kuyinto yesibili. Eyesibili incike lokuqala, kodwa owokuqala akuxhomekile wesibili. Indlela dialectics subjective ikhombisa inhloso, njengoba kuvumelana ke kokuqukethwe.

Ososayensi cabangela izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu zokuxhumana ezivamile ethatha indawo kuzo zonke izindawo zezwe.

Kukhona into okuthiwa "dialectic komphefumulo." Kukholakala ukuthi iningi ngokunembile lo mqondo wembula UTolstoy, ekhomba ukuqonda entsha ngokujulile ukwakheka komuntu.