Umthetho Kirchhoff e-elekrotehnike

Ngo izibalo lezifunda kagesi AC futhi DC ngaphandle ifomula abadumile Ohm futhi asebenzise umthetho wabantu Kirchhoff sika. Umlisa ogama msebenzi ezihlobene ubunjiniyela kagesi, kumele ngisho ebusuku ngaphandle kokungabaza ukunikeza izincazelo ngayinye imithetho emibili. Ngokuvamile-ke akudingekile ukwenza izibalo kakhulu ngendlela ngokuba ukuqonda izinqubo.

Emuva ngo-1845, i-physics German Gustav Kirhgof esekelwe imisebenzi uMaxwell sika (ukugcinwa ngaphandle kwenkokhiso, nezakhiwo emkhakheni electrostatic) washayelwa imithetho ezimbili ecacisa ubuhlobo phakathi voltage samanje avaliwe wesifunda kagesi. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukuba cishe zonke izinkinga isicelo ezihlobene ugesi. umthetho Kirchhoff isetshenziswa ukubala komugqa wesifunda kagesi, lwenza ukuthola uhlelo classical of zibalo lwento ukuthi acabangele voltages nemisinga ukuthi lwaziwe emva msebenzi.

Indlela okubekwe ngayo isikisela ukusetshenziswa imigomo kagesi "wesifunda node kanye igatsha." Yegatsha - yiliphi wesifunda endleleni double Emaceleni, i obuphelele ngokungadingekile wakhe. Circuit - uhlelo amagatsha ngokweqile, ukuthi, ukuqala ukuhamba ngengqondo of yingasiphi yiliphi igatsha, ekugcineni usathola endaweni lapho ukunyakaza waqala. legatsha Okuningi kuyaqondakala ngokuthi "roll phezu", nakuba lokhu akunembile. Node - iphuzu lapho amagatsha amabili noma ngaphezulu.

1 umthetho Kirchhoff sika silula. It kusekelwe emthethweni oyisisekelo ukulondolozwa kwemali. umthetho wokuqala Kirchhoff lithi: isamba imisinga (algebraic), eyehlayo amagatsha engeyokuqala ongashadile ilingane no-zero. Okungukuthi, I1 + I2 + I3 = 0. Ukuze izibalo kucatshangwa ukuthi ukubaluleka imisinga ithela kulo node has uphawu "+" futhi kwaphumela "-". Ngakho ifomula kuba umbono enwetshiwe I1 + I2 - I3 = 0. Ngamanye amazwi, inani lamanje ithela kulo engeyokuqala ilingana nenani emfantwini. umthetho Lokhu Kirchhoff kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda izimiso zikagesi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuchaza ukuthi kungani uma oxhumanisa kagesi motor Windings kwi "inkanyezi" noma "unxantathu" asikho interphase short circuit.

umthetho 2 Kirchhoff sika ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukubala iluphu avaliwe ethile amagatsha. It is ngqo kuhlobene nezinga umthetho wesithathu Maxwell (njalo kazibuthe). Umthetho uthi isamba algebraic we voltage lehla kwi ngayinye amagatsha wesifunda kuyinto ilingana nenani lezinombolo lamanani EMF ibalwa ngoba wonke amagatsha wesifunda. Kusobala ukuthi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi ngesimiso somshini esivalekile ka kagesi amandla umthombo (EDS), okuholela voltage iconsi beyoba zero. Ngo ngaphezulu alula, ungumthombo wamandla kuphela aguqulwa kuya abathengi, futhi sihlose ukubuyela nenani lakhona loqobo. Esebenzisa lo mthetho enezinto eziningi izici, njengoba kunjalo ayenzile ngeyokuqala.

Kokuqamba wesifunda equation, kucatshangwa ukuthi ukubaluleka kwamanani ka amandla electromotive has uphawu omuhle lapho isiqondiso eyamukelwe ekuqaleni dlula wesifunda (ngokuvamile ngokwewashi) kuvumelana isiqondiso sayo, futhi omubi uma ndlela okuphambene. Kuyefana nasendleleni le Resistor: lapho isiqondiso zamanje kuyafana ukuthi we dlula ekhethiwe, voltage iconsi kuso kuthiwa wenziwa uphawu "+". Ngokwesibonelo, E1 - E2 + E3 = I1R1 - I2R2 + I3R3 + I4R4 ...

Ngenxa yalokho, ukundlula bonke amagatsha okuqondene izingxenye wesifunda kohlelo of zibalo lwento, ukuxazulula ukuthi, kungenzeka ukufunda wonke amagatsha wamanje (namayunithi). Solved ubudlelwano etholwe indlela loop imisinga.

Kunzima overestimate ukubaluleka kwemithetho Kirchhoff analo Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka. Kalula lokubhala zibalo kanye isixazululo yabo izindlela algebra yakudala isizathu ukusetshenziswa ububanzi.