DNA ukufanisana - izigaba eziyinhloko

Ukuzandisa DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis. Indaba for biosynthesis of DNA adenosine, futhi guanozin- tsitidin- timidintrifosfornaya acid noma ATP, GTP, CTP futhi TTP.

ukufanisana DNA

Biosynthesis kwenziwe khona okuthiwa "imbewu" - eliningi we siguqulwe owodwa balahleke deoxyribonucleic acid kulethe. I kulethe uba polymerase DNA. Lokhu enzyme ehilelekile ukuxuba nucleotide izinsalela. Ngomzuzu owodwa, uxhuma kuka 1,000 nucleotide izinsalela. Izinsalela nucleotide e-molecule deoxyribonucleic acid isinqamu oxhumene 3 ', 5'-phosphodiester izibopho. DNA polymerase catalyzes ukwengeza mononucleotides izinsalela kuya khulula 3-hydroxyl ekupheleni-siguqulwe deoxyribonucleic acid. Okokuqala kwemiqondo ingxenye encane molecule ye-DNA. Bona letihambisana isenzo DNA ligase ukwakha kwezingcezu omude deoxyribonucleic acid. Bobabili izingcezwana kuthiwa isebenze iseli nuclei. Waguqulwa deoxyribonucleic acid isetshenziswa njengoba iphuzu sokukhula molecule e-DNA esizayo futhi kubuye matrix kwakheka okuyinto i wesifunda antiparallel deoxyribonucleic acid okuyinto uguqulwa nge-DNA efanayo e isakhiwo kanye nokubekwa ukulandelana nucleotide izinsalela. Ukufanisana ye-DNA kwenzeka ngesikhathi interphase mitotic cell division. Deoxyribonucleic acid bagxila kuma-chromosome futhi chromatin. Ngemva kumiswa single- deoxyribonucleic acid kwakhiwa izakhiwo zalo nemayunivesithi. imicu emibili ka-deoxyribonucleic acid kuthiwa oxhumene by hydrogen izibopho of complementarity umthetho. DNA ukufanisana kwenzeka nuclei cell.

Isithombe amaqembu ehlukile biosynthesis kwezinhlobo RNA nemisho lemagalagala amandla-ocebile ATP, GTP, CTP futhi TTP. Ribonucleic acid angase kwemiqondo therein ukubamba iqhaza omunye izingcezwana ezintathu: i-DNA-engaphansi RNA polymerase, polynucleotide-nucleotidyltransferases futhi RNA ancike RNA polymerase. Eyokuqala yalezi iqukethwe nuclei ka wonke amaseli evulekile njalo nasezinsukwini mitochondria. RNA ukuthi kuhlelwe ku isifanekiso DNA ebukhoneni ribonucleoside triphosphates, Mangan futhi Magnesium ion. Ikhishwa RNA-molecule ongumphelelisi isifanekiso DNA. Ukuze DNA ukufanisana kwenzeka ngo nuclei akhiwa p-RNA, t-RNA futhi RNA-RNA futhi priming. Izifiso zakhe zokuqala ezintathu ziya uyiswa cytoplasm, lapho behileleka ekusebenziseni amaprotheni biosynthesis bona.

DNA ukufanisana kwenzeka cishe kanye ukuhunyushwa deoxyribonucleic acid. Transmission kanye kulondolozwe ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo Kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezimbili: umbhalo kanye wokuhumusha. Kuyini isakhi? Gene - iyunithi ezibonakalayo, ezingashabalala liyingxenye molecule deoxyribonucleic acid (RNA kwezinye amagciwane). Kuqukethwe chromosome weseli nuclei. ngenkani ukwazi ngofuzo lomuntu sisuka DNA nge-RNA ukuze amaprotheni. Ukulotshwa wenziwa le kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana futhi kungokwalabo synthesis mRNA ku izingxenye deoxyribonucleic acid molecule. Kumele ukuthi ukulandelana deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotide "kabusha" ngekulandzelana nucleotide engqamuzaneni kanye RNA. RNA polymerase unamathele okuhambisanayo DNA ingxenye, "unwinds" Helix oyiyo double bese ukopisha deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotide for axube isimiso complementarity. Njengoba ukufuduka isinqamu kwemiqondo RNA Strand asuka matrix, kanye DNA kabili balahleke ngemuva enzyme ngokushesha abuyiselwe. Uma polymerase RNA isiphelile futhi ingxenye ikopishwe asuka isifanekiso RNA e karyoplasm yabe isihamba phakathi cytoplasm, lapho kuthatha ingxenye amaprotheni biosynthesis.

Phakathi kokusakaza ukubekwa nucleotide ezilandelana engqamuzaneni kanye RNA uhumusha ukulandelana acid acid izinsalela engqamuzana amaprotheni. Le nqubo kwenzeka cytoplasm futhi RNA ehlangana futhi kwakhiwa polysomes.