Schistosomiasis urogenital: ukuphathwa, izifo, izimpawu

Schistosomiasis - isifo esingelapheki okubangelwa imisebenzi ebalulekile asebenzayo emzimbeni wobuntu izibungu yisinanakazana. Minyaka yonke, ukwelapha lesi sifo kuyadingeka ukuze abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Schistosomiasis - ke isifo esiyingozi cuphuluza igazi flukes bohlobo lwe-Schistosoma. Phakathi isingeniso emzimbeni izinambuzane abantu dermatitis kuvela kamuva nzima imfiva, ukudakwa, lesion emathunjini kohlelo genitourinary, noma ngokuqondile. Isithombe ngeziguli Kulokhu kungenxa ukuthuthukiswa wokusabela immunoallergic amaqanda flukes.

I izimuncagazi angena emzimbeni womuntu, njengoba umthetho, ngenkathi umsebenzi ezivamile yezolimo noma zezimboni ngenxa ukuxhumana amanzi angcolile yibo. Izingane kwezingane kwentsha kanye intsha isengozini kakhulu lesi sifo ngenxa yokungakhokhi ukuhambisana eziyisisekelo imithetho inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu noma ukubhukuda emanzini angcolile. I-World Health Organization ngenkuthalo benenkinga le nkinga, lokufeza ukwelashwa kokuvimbela izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.

Ubude ihlukanise izinhlobo ezimbili schistosomiasis: the emathunjini bese urogenital. Yilokho mayelana zokugcina sixoxa ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.

Uyini schistosomiasis urogenital?

Lesi sifo imvelo helminthic nge lesion ayinhloko esimiso genitourinary. Lokhu zokugula kuvamile eNyakatho Afrika, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon neSiriya. Ezweni lethu azikho efanele zezemvelo ngenxa yokuphila schistosomes.

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ukuthintana ngqo ngamanzi, lapho lezi izimuncagazi baphile. Ngemva isingeniso zabo zibe emzimbeni womuntu i elinegciwane kancane kancane ukusabela komzimba ngendlela ukulunywa, ukuqubuka. Phakathi yokufuduka izimpethu emzimbeni kukhona jikelele umkhuhlane, imfiva, ikhanda. It libhekene izici ezifana ne schistosomiasis urogenital.

izizathu

Izimpawu avele ngokushesha ngemva ukungenisa lo haematobium amagciwane Schistosoma. owesilisa ithole obuphelele ingeqi 15 mm. Ngaphambili okuyingxenye has simise cylindrical, elise kwalo sebuningini ukuncela izinkomishi. zesifazane ithole obuphelele kuze kube u 20 mm.

Amagciwane ingena esikhunjeni ababhukudi / abantu abasebenza emanzini. Yaziwa amacala ukutheleleka emva ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezingaphephile ukuphuza. Ngokusebenzisa imithambo yegazi ngisho lymph Schistosoma haematobium odlula ukuze izitho okhalo, okuyinto izalela amaqanda e mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi we emthanjeni. Khona-ke base ogangeni semithambo we zingene ulwelwesi lwesinye, futhi kwezinye izimo, futhi izitho zangasese. Kusuka lapho kamuva umchamo kuthiwa ukhiphe. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi amaqanda yalezi izimuncagazi singadluliseka futhi ngesikhathi ocansini.

Izakhamuzi ezindaweni epidemiologically eziyingozi yalezi izimuncagazi ingatholakala isibunu. Nokho, labo abanamakhono ubuciko Awukwazi ukufakazela ukuhambisana phakathi kwesifo isisu okuvele umsebenzi worm.

Abakwazi ukuphila phakathi emithathu kuze iminyaka engaba ngu-10 emzimbeni. ezimweni lapho amaqanda amagciwane aye alotshwa zidluliselwe ngokuthintana umuntu, itheleleke engaba ngu-30 edlule.

I pathogenesis lesi sifo

schistosomiasis urogenital - isifo ezithakazelisa kakhulu, okuyinto ubelokhu yabakhanga ososayensi emhlabeni wonke. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka phakathi kwabantu ngqo amanzi izimbungulu. I pathogenesis yalesi sifo kukhona ukusabela esinobuthi iguliswa okubangelwa wokugoqa imikhiqizo imfucuza helminths. Isikhumba azungeze indawo ye Isingeniso izibungu ukuthuthukisa edema, futhi ngokuhamba ukufuduka kwakheka lingene okuthiwa ehlanganisa ngokuyinhloko leukocyte nama-lymphocyte.

amaqanda Amagciwane "baphile" ezinye umjikelezo waso ukuthuthukiswa emzimbeni imbaza up izigaba cercariae, okuyinto vele ungene emzimbeni womuntu ngesikhumba. Lapha uvuthwe ngokushesha kakhulu futhi babe kakade shistosomuly. Khona-ke, lo izimuncagazi zingene emithanjeni neuropathy lapho kancane kancane sikhiqize e abantu abavuthiwe. nabesifazane elivundisiwe ithunyelwa izitho kohlelo urogenital, amaqanda lapha. Ezinye zazo abelwe umchamo kanye endleni ngqo imvelo.

lwezifo

schistosomiasis urogenital isakazwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu kanye ezishisayo, zibancishe amanzi eliphezulu kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle okufanele ukuze uhlale. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, okwamanje mayelana 90% abantu abane uphethwe atholakala ezwekazini lase-Afrika.

Lesi sifo, njengoba umthetho, miphakathi eyakhe ezindweni zasemakhaya. I ubulili fair, usebenzisa amanzi angcolile ekhaya, futhi basengozini. schistosomiasis urogenital ezinganeni kanye intsha kulezi ziyingi akuyona ngaphandle. Ngenxa ukungahlanzeki kanye athinte amanzi angcolile ngenkathi ubhukuda, bona zisengozini iyagula.

Permanent ukufuduka kwabantu nokungabi lababaleki ukunyakaza ukukhuthaza Ukungena sifo ezindaweni ezintsha. Njengoba kwanda isifiso sabantu ukunambitha amazwe ezingajwayelekile ngokwethukela kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe isifo phakathi izivakashi namuhla.

emitholampilo isithombe

Yikuphi libhekene izimpawu urogenital schistosomiasis (izimpawu)? Futhi ukwelashwa, futhi ukuxilongwa isifo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kobukhona isici isithombe emtholampilo.

Isilinganiso bayashintshana ekufukameleni nkathi phakathi kuka-10 no-12 amasonto. Ngesikhathi kwema- amagciwane ngesikhumba umuntu ubona ukungakhululeki okuncane, njengomuntu kwabathinta ngenaliti. Phakathi yokufuduka izimpethu wonke umzimba ukuthuthukisa ukusabela komzimba ngendlela dermatitis nge ukulunywa ezinzima, ukuqubuka. Futhi, zikhona izimpawu zokudakwa (ikhanda, ukudla, ukujuluka ngokweqile). Kwezinye izimo, sesibindi ubende anda ubukhulu. Nokho, hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana izimpawu ezinjalo schistosomiasis urogenital. Izimpawu zesifo, kodwa kunalokho degree of ngobubi bawo incike ezifweni ngabanye nobukhali KWAMAGUNDANE womuntu.

Ekupheleni ezigabeni oyingozi futhi ekuseni njalo isifo ngokuvamile kubonakala hematuria, okuyinto kuhambisana ukukhululwa legazi ngesikhathi ukuchama. Iziguli ngokuvamile esekhala ukucobeka imfiva kuze kufinyelele 37 degrees, ubuhlungu esinyeni indawo endaweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda okwengeziwe ubukhulu sesibindi ubende. Lezi zimpawu abahlangene ukwethulwa izinambuzane emizimbeni kwezicubu.

Phakathi ukudlula amaqanda ogangeni kwesinye may kube nokopha petechial futhi hyperemia we ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ngenxa nomonakalo onjalo mechanical kuya inqubo sokugembula ukutheleleka ivame ukuhlotshaniswa, okuyinto kubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa cystitis. Ukuvuvukala Zingase zande zisakazekele nakwezinye up ureter ngqo nezinso.

schistosomiasis urogenital uma iyekwa ingelashwa bangaba esiteji ezingamahlalakhona. ureteral izilonda zinezikhathi ukwehla izingxenye zawo distal, okuholela yokujama tsi kumiswa itshe umchamo kanye nokuthuthukiswa pyelonephritis. Late isifo esiteji libhekene ukubukeka cystic izicubu nogwali calcification. Kulesi hlobo helminth amaqanda isimo ibhekane calcification. Ukuma izinguquko esinyeni, waqinisa intravesical. Ezimweni sina ngokukhethekile, schistosomiasis bungaholela ekukhubazekeni futhi ngisho nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ngo madoda, zokugula uvame ukuhambisana cystic we tubules seminiferous, kanye ocansini fair - ezibangelwa ukungaphenduki embhedeni eziningi mucosa lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

uphethwe

ukuqashelwa schistosomiasis urinary ezenziwe esekelwe idatha emitholampilo (urticaria, ubuthakathaka, ukucobeka dizuricheskie disorder).

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, amaqanda okukhulu kakhulu amagciwane excreted ku umchamo emini. Nokho, ozibonayo usuke wafunda nsuku umchamo isampula. U-advocate wakhe ekuqaleni emabhange okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngemva uketshezi igcwele amuncekela, kanye kwenze is centrifuged. Khona-ke, i-kwenze mikrosporiya. Icacisa khona umchamo of izibungu Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana amacebo afanayo.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze ucezu biopsy we mucosa esinyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cystoscopy futhi esimweni isetshenziswa ukuhlola isimo ipheshana urogenital. Izinqubo ezinjalo zokuxilonga kungathola thinning of imithambo yegazi, i-ukusonteka of imilomo ureters, ukwanda kwezindawo polypous.

ukwelashwa ezidingekayo

Ukulapha nokuvikela schistosomiasis kwenziwe kuphela izilungiselelo esibhedlela. Iziguli ngokuvamile Kunconywa "Praziquantel" noma "Azinoks" e umthamo zonke izinsuku we-40 mg / kg kabili emini. Ukuphumelela lezi zimali, ngokusho kongoti, kuyinto 80-95%. Okubalulekile ekwelapheni lesi sifo kungokwalabo yokwelapha lingaze ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwangaphakathi isitho izinhlelo. Endabeni yesibili ukutheleleka imithi ngokweqile zifana nokuthela esimisiwe. Ngo isifo sokusha ezinzima, polyposis Kunconywa ukuhlinzwa.

Phawula ukuthi "Praziquantel" kuyindlela ephumelela futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo eziphansi kwezidakamizwa uyakwazi ukunqoba zonke schistosomiasis (isichenene). Lokhu kusho lokhu kwelashwa futhi wabonisa izingane nentsha. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngemva Inkambo yokwelashwa kukhona ithuba kabusha ukutheleleka, ingozi yokuba ifomu ezinzima zalesi sifo Kusengenzeka ukunciphisa ngisho ukuvimbela.

Ukubikezela usebenzisa amalungiselelo ngenhla echazwe ngokuvamile evumayo.

yezinkinga kungenzeka

Isimo kubalulekile ekulweni lesi sifo ukusheshe welashwe. schistosomiasis urogenital, kungenjalo okusongelayo ekuthuthukiseni a yezinkinga kubuhlungu ngempela. Lezi zihlanganisa lezi zifo ezilandelayo: pyelonephritis, ezingamahlalakhona ukwehluleka kwezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu zokugula kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso precancerous kweqiniso, njengoba ku ngemuva ukuvuvukala ezingamahlalakhona ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa -squamous cell carcinoma lwesinye.

izinyathelo

Indlela yokuvimbela schistosomiasis urogenital? Ukwelapha izimbangela, izimpawu zesifo ziye achazwe ngenhla kulesi sihloko. Ngezansi kukhona izinyathelo main lokuvikela yayo.

1. Ukuthola Isikhathi esijwayelekile kanye nokwelashwa okwalandela ezigulini esibhedlela.
2. Ukuvimbela Ukungena amaqanda schistosome emanzini.
3. Ukubhujiswa shellfish ngu molluscicides.
4. Ukusebenzisa ngenkasa izinhlelo ezikhethekile.
5. Ukugqoka izingubo ezivikelayo ngesikhathi ukuxhumana ngqo amanzi angcolile.
6. ukwelashwa Water (filtration, abilayo) ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
7. Ukuthola amachibi ezizingelayo, ekubhubhiseni shellfish.
8. Eyodwa alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi izifunda.
9. ngezempilo Active imiphakathi abahlala ezifundeni bazo.

ngokukhethekile Kunconywa ukunikeza zezivakashi bevela ezindaweni lapho ezivamile schistosomiasis urogenital. Izimpawu kumele wazise wonke umuntu. Lokhu kuyimbangela ukusula wenziwa onguchwepheshe ezifanele. Okuwukuphela kwendlela unqande noma ugweme ukusabalala ukutheleleka kanye ngokoqobo ukuphila.

UBANI isu ukuze ulwe nesifo ngokuyinhloko okuhloswe ngaso kuzinciphise kwelashwa ngokusebenzisa gqwa "Praziquantel". Lolu hlobo yokwelapha ehloselwe bonke abantu engozini (labo abahlala ezindaweni sendawo).

Imvamisa ukwelashwa okunjalo kuncike kuphela nokudlanga ukutheleleka. Ezindaweni nge amazinga aphezulu zokungenwa yizifo ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuphindaphinda yaminyaka yonke inkambo yokwelapha, futhi kwaphela iminyaka eminingana.

Lokwelashwa onganqoba isichenene uhlelo urogenital kusaqalwa futhi kuvimbele ushintsho yayo kwifomu okungalapheki abantu asebengenwe igciwane. Okwamanje, isithiyo esikhulu ukuze ukuqaliswa kohlelo oluchazwe ngenhla yilona ukufinyelela okunomkhawulo emithini, kodwa kunalokho ukuba "Praziquantel". Ngokusho kwemibiko, ngo-2012-ke wathola 14% kuphela abantu ngubani ngempela okwenza sidinge ukwelashwa.

isiphetho

Lesi sihloko wanikezwa ulwazi "schistosomiasis urinary: izimbangela, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa." UBANI izazi isebenza ezindabeni nokuvinjelwa dengwane izifo ezibangelwa emphakathini wanamuhla, okuhlanganisa zokugula echazwe yithi. Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo ezihlukahlukene izifo, banayo izici ezivamile bakwazi njalo avele ubumpofu.

Schistosomiasis - kuba isifo esiyingozi kakhulu unyaka ngamunye uxilongwe kaningi. Nokho, ukuhambisana nemithetho aphansi kwenhlanzeko, futhi ukuyelapha ngokushesha ivumela ukukhohlwa mayelana nale nkinga phakade.

Sithemba ukuthi lonke ulwazi oluhlinzekwe kule sihloko sizovela ngawe empeleni abe wusizo. Hlala uphilile!