Isifo wamathumbu: izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa. Izimpawu ze-isifo wamathumbu

izinqubo sokugembula ezithinta wamathumbu, kancane kancane, futhi lapho kusaqalwa awaphazamiseki ngisho nakancane iziguli. Yingakho abantu ngokuvamile abasele ngaphandle ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa ezanele, inqobo nje lesi sifo akungeni ifomu ezingamahlalakhona. Yiziphi izimpawu zibonisa isifo ngayo futhi sibaphathe ngayo isifo samathumbu, sizosebenza.

izifo emathunjini iqembu izinqubo ukuvuvukala okwenzeka ikholoni kanye emathunjini amancane. Ngenxa yalokho, izici ezihlukahlukene engemihle futhi thinning kwenzeka lesion ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ezazigudla izitho zangaphakathi. izinkinga wamathumbu abathintekayo gastroenterologists.

Izimo letitsintsa ukuthuthukiswa pathologies emathunjini

Izifo esiswini namathumbu ngenxa isinyathelo umzimba izici ezilimazayo, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, imbangela ukuvuvukala kuyinto isimo esithile esisodwa. I yezizathu ezihlukahlukene ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa kuthinte emzimbeni womuntu, kunzima kakhulu ngeke uqhubeke isifo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwakuya kuba nzima kuyoba ukwelapha kwakhe.

Izimo letitsintsa ukuthuthukiswa yimuphi kwezinso emathunjini, zihlanganisa:

- Ukwephula yokudla;

- iziyaluyalu immunological;

- uhlobo engqondo futhi ukucindezeleka izimo;

- isici zofuzo;

- ukungawuvivinyi umzimba;

- ukutheleleka gastro-viral;

- obenesifo emathunjini;

- ngokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, ukubhema;

- imithi ethile (isib antibiotic).

Izifo emathunjini amancane abandakanya enteritis (emathunjini pathologic disorder ukusebenza), ukungabekezelelani carbohydrate, gluten enteropathy (kuphakama ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-enzyme ezidingekayo emzimbeni), semithambo iguliswa futhi isifo samathumbu, isifo Whipple, futhi abanye. Bonke baqala ukuthuthukiswa yabo ngenxa kokunikezwa kwe-ubuqotho noma lwamafinyila ulwelwesi ngokucasuka abami emathunjini amancane ngenxa yokudla engafanele noma ukuthatha imithi ethize.

Izifo ikholoni zihlanganisa nesifo, kuhlanganise izilonda emathunjini, isifo Crohn, diverticulosis, nezinye izimila wamathumbu engaphathekile kanye nezinye izifo. Okuvame kakhulu izinqubo ukuvuvukala kule ndawo zibangelwa isifo esibangelwe igciwane, kodwa akusho ngakususi icala lapho imbangela iba Yiqiniso eside ngokwanele kwemithi elwa namagciwane, ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla nokunye.

Izifo emathunjini amancane

Uma kuziwa wamathumbu isifo, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuxhomeke ezintweni ezingezinhle ukuthi kwabangela egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Ithumbu elincane engxenyeni ende kunazo pheshana emathunjini. Ehilelekile ukumuncwa nezakhi ukudla. Uma ucabangela isifo emathunjini amancane, kubalulekile ungacabangi nje kuphela ngokuthi izici ngokubukeka kwabo, kodwa futhi inhlanganisela yabo ehlukene. Lokhu kuzovumela nesineke ezomisa yokwelapha ezifanele kakhulu.

izinqubo okuvuthayo zingaveli emathunjini amancane okuthiwa enteritis. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sibi noma ezingamahlalakhona. Imbangela enteritis acute ngokuvamile ukutheleleka (ukudla okunobuthi, "isifo yezandla ezingcolile", njll). izimpawu ejwayelekile yesifo ezincane wamathumbu uzwakalise ukuvela isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo kanye nezinye izimpawu zokudakwa, kanye nemfiva, imfiva. Amagciwane kukhona salmonella, ikholera nezinye izilokazane ezincane tifoparatifoznoy iqembu. Ukuze enteritis ezingamahlalakhona libhekene amagciwane protozoal izifo, ezihlukahlukene iziyaluyalu izivikeli mzimba. Isici yefomu njalo enteritis Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi landulelwa thuthuva ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala-dystrophic, okwenzeka emathunjini amancane. Ngenxa yalokhu ukugula ngengqondo yomuntu ukuthuthukisa ukuqunjelwa, kukhona kabusha nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic emathunjini amancane, okuholela izinkinga omzimba bese umzimba.

Izimpawu izifo emathunjini

Lapho wamathumbu izimpawu weni nasekwelapheni tifo zincike degree of kobukhulu ukuvuvukala, kanye nendawo indawo yayo. Izimpawu zesifo ziyahlukahluka kusuka imnene ezinzima. Phakathi isigaba asebenzayo lesi sifo kulandele izikhathi lapho ukuthethelelwa. Lwasemtholampilo isithombe ukuvuvukala encane samathumbu esibonakala by zimpawu ezilandelayo:

- sohudo - inkinga evamile kubantu nalezi izifo;

- imfiva kanye nemcondvo anda ukukhathala - ngokuvamile kuba nenkinga nge amathumbu kubantu ivela ongaphakeme-ebangeni imfiva, uzizwa ukhathele futhi icasuke;

- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, amajaqamba - ukuvuvukala ulceration we mucosa emathunjini kungathinta ukunyakaza evamile ukudla ngokusebenzisa pheshana emathunjini futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibangele ubuhlungu futhi cramping;

- isicanucanu, ukuhlanza,

- khona igazi e sezinyawo - ngokuvamile kubonisa ukopha zangaphakathi emathunjini amancane;

- kwehle esesuthi - ubuhlungu besisu futhi amajaqamba, kanye khona ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, ngokuvamile lokujabulela indlala;

- okusheshayo kwesisindo.

Umtholampilo izifo ezingamahlalakhona emathunjini amancane kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa sohudo yansukuzonke kanye malabsorption syndrome. Uhudo kuthiwa sokucasuka hypersecretion yamanzi ne-calcium ion emzimbeni, giperekssudatsiey emathunjini, waqinisa osmotic futhi ukuphazamiseka emathunjini umsebenzi okuqukethwe ezokuthutha. Malabsorption syndrome yisimo yi sohudo yansukuzonke.

Izimpawu amafomu isifo esingelapheki uyalandisa ukuhlakazwa syndrome enteric (ukubukeka emizweni ezingemnandi esiswini endaweni emhlabeni inkaba). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli libuhlungu kwentaba kanye okuncane umuzwa esiswini, ukuvuvukala. Ubuhlungu besisu, bungabi spasmodic, cramping noma uhlamvu buthuntu. Uma ubuhlungu nakakhulu emva kokudla, kusho ukuthi isifo isidlulile ifomu nokugijima.

Izifo emathunjini ezinkulu

Izifo ikholoni zihlanganisa ukuvuvukala njalo zonke noma izingxenye ikholoni. Lokhu nesifo ngokuyinhloko esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini sibe futhi isifo Crohn. Zombili izifo ezihlobene ne uhudo olubi ubuhlungu ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala kwesisindo. Uma umuntu esolwa isifo wamathumbu, izimpawu, futhi ukwelashwa kufanele sizimisele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ukungabi yokwelapha ngalokulingene anga singaholela ezinkingeni ezisongela ukuphila.

izilonda emathunjini kuyinto isifo ukuvuvukala esibangela ulceration odongeni engaphakathi ikholoni. isifo Crohn libhekene ukuvuvukala mucosa yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini, ukuvuvukala ngokuvamile ubabonisa ekujuleni izicubu abathintekayo, futhi kungathinta indlela amathumbu uqweqwe encane. Collagen neze nesifo lymphocytic nazo kubhekwe yezifo ikholoni, kodwa ngokuvamile kubhekwa ngokwehlukile classical ukuvuvukala wamathumbu isifo.

Izimbangela esiqondile ukuvuvukala wamathumbu isifo kukhona ayikaziwa. izici sokugembula Ngasekuqaleni zihlanganisa ukucindezeleka, ukuhlukunyezwa ukudla. Manje odokotela bayazi ukuthi lezi izizathu zingase zibe zimbi, kodwa hhayi ukuba kumkhathaze inkinga. Kukholakala ukuthi iningi ikholoni isifo uvuke isifo esibangelwe igciwane, okuyinto lingena ngayo imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephansi ukudla, iziphuzo, ethola ama-antimicrobial. Futhi, omunye Imbangela okungaba ngiyo ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni futhi ufuzo. izinkinga emathunjini zivele ngenxa omncane imithambo yegazi ku colon futhi uyekethise igazi layo supply. Ngokuvamile, yalesi sizathu esivamile asebekhulile.

Izimpawu izifo ikholoni

izimpawu eziningi isifo wamathumbu Ngokuvamile asasebenza nomunye. izimpawu Isici zihlanganisa ubuhlungu besisu noma cramping ngokwemvelo esingagwegwesi, zibe kungenzeka. Ebusweni engaphakathi is camera ikholoni izilonda, ezingase opha. Iziguli esekhala ekuseni ukukhathala sezinyawo ngegazi ne isikhwehlela ukukhululwa, anemiya (nge ukulahlekelwa esiningi igazi), ngobubele emalungeni. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo isisindo engalawuliwe ukulahlekelwa, ukungakuthandi ukudla, imfiva, ukubuyisa, amanzi emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile isiguli emifantwini bendunu.

Kubalulekile ukuthi amathumbu isifo elikhulu kangaka, izimpawu ezingaba aphanjaniswe ezinye izifo, kuye kwatholakala ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. In the ukungabikho ukwelashwa okufanele isiguli singase sinyuse ingozi ukuthuthukisa yezinkinga (Oncology, fistulas, uyadabuka emathunjini bese isimiso emathunjini).

enterocolitis okungamahlalakhona

enterocolitis Okungalapheki kuyinto ukuvuvukala kanyekanye njengoba amathumbu mncane futhi ezinkulu, okuyinto libhekene yoma we ulwelwesi lwamafinyila abami ebusweni engaphakathi amathumbu, elibangela ukuphazamiseka umsebenzi emathunjini. Kuye kwasendaweni ukuvuvukala ngoba esihle ngononina isifo (enteritis) kanye obukhulu (nesifo) ngamunye emathunjini.

Izimbangela enterocolitis ezingamahlalakhona okubangelwa umthelela emzimbeni womuntu ezilandelayo izici sokugembula:

- eside Ukudla okungafanele;

- kahle amasosha omzimba futhi umzimba;

- iziyaluyalu hormone, ukucindezeleka;

- imithi ukudakwa izidakamizwa chemical;

- ikakhulukazi wamathumbu isakhiwo;

- ukutheleleka gastro-viral;

- izifo yezitho zangaphakathi;

- emathunjini kanye nezifo yisinanakazana.

Omunye Amagciwane ezivame kakhulu enterocolitis ezingamahlalakhona kukhona giardia emathunjini (isithombe salezi izimuncagazi kungenziwa ngayo esihlokweni). Bayakwazi ande ngokushesha futhi abangele giardiasis. Izimpawu zesifo zihlanganisa isifo sohudo, igesi ngokweqile, cramping futhi ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza. Giardia, isithombe okuyinto kuboniswe esithombeni, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: asebenzayo futhi angasebenzi. amafomu Active ezidala ukuphila emzimbeni womuntu, at the ophumayo ngaphandle nge kwesihlalo bangena ifomu alisebenzi futhi basakaze ukutheleleka ngaphandle komzimba.

ngokuvamile enterocolitis Okungalapheki kuwumphumela ukwelashwa abampofu noma imisiwe amafomu okukhulu ukuvuvukala wamathumbu izinqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ingozi yokudlulisela isifo ngofuzo kanye nabantu njengezinsana + ezisanda babe ibhodlela.

Yesigcilikisha wamathumbu isifo

Ukuvuvukala umncane izicubu fibrous kwakheka ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu ngenxa izici ezihlukahlukene ezimbi. Yesigcilikisha wamathumbu isifo, izimpawu zazo uvame ukuzibonisa ekubukekeni spazmiruyutsya ubuhlungu, kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu. Isikhalazo oyinhloko iziguli, njengoba umthetho, kuyinto ubuhlungu chronic esiswini, enquma ubunjalo truudno. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba emathunjini isimiso, ukuqunjelwa, uphatheke kabi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingcina wamathumbu isifo, ogama izimpawu kungaba efana izinkinga gynecological, ngokuvamile imbangela ukungazali zesifazane.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa kabi endaweni inkaba, amajaqamba, umuzwa distention besisu. Ezindaweni lapho kukhona ukuvuvukala, kukhona kuhlanekezela emathunjini, okuyinto ephazamisa ukuhamba evamile lokuqukethwe zayo. Mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele ukuvimbela emathunjini. Ngeshwa, izindlela ababaningi zokuxilonga bayakwazi ukuthola ukuvuvukala: abakwazi ziqale ukubonakala engakapheli u-X ray noma kokuxilongwa ultrasound. Abakwazi kubhekwe uma usebenzisa Ngokuphambene barium yombala lapho siqhuba tomography ngekhompyutha. isifo Ukwelashwa ingcina kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa laparoscopic noma ukuhlinzwa kuvulekile nommese rassekaniya ukuvuvukala noma electrocution.

Ukuxilongwa izifo emathunjini

Xilonga ukuvuvukala wamathumbu isifo kufanele kube kuphela ngemva exclusion nezinye izinkinga kungenzeka. Lokhu kuzodinga inhlanganisela sivivinyo seluhlololucwaningo. Ukuhlonza isifo wamathumbu ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa ezilandelayo kanye nezinqubo:

- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi - kubalulekile ukulawula ezingeni elithwala umoya-mpilo.

- Ukuthola fecal wegazi kuwo.

- Colonoscopy - ikuvumela ukubuka lonke ikholoni usebenzisa mncane, tube nezimo nge ikhamera elikulo. Ngesikhathi inqubo, udokotela ongazithatha Uhlaziyo luqhubeka (biopsy) amasampula ihlule.

- sigmoidoscopy Nezimo - yenziwa nge tube mncane nezimo nge inzwa ukukhanya, okuvumela ukubuka sigmoid ikholoni ingxenye.

- Endoscopy Upper - kudokotela isebenzisa mncane, nezimo tube elikhanyayo ukuze uhlole emphinjeni, esiswini futhi ingxenye yokuqala emathunjini amancane.

- Capsular Endoscopy - eyenziwa sitholakele isifo Crohn.

--X-ray ukuhlola - liyadingeka uma izinkinga ezinkulu amathumbu, ukuze ugweme eziyingozi (isib, perforation kapopopo).

- ngekhompyutha tomography - indlela kwenza kube nokwenzeka zidingida izingxenye ezahlukene ngaphezulu esithombeni kuka e-X ray. Ukuhlolwa ihlola wonke amathumbu, futhi yakhe izicubu ngaphandle kwayo.

- Magnetic resonance imaging - indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukuqeda fistulas, amakhefu, nezinye izinkinga.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo emathunjini

Ukwelapha ngempumelelo isifo wamathumbu, izimpawu, futhi ukwelashwa kufanele kube kuhlobene. Inhloso ekwelapheni izifo wamathumbu ukuvuvukala ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okuveza izimpawu futhi kubangela kabi. ukwelashwa ngalokwenetisako ngeke kuphela lula okubonakalisa isifo, kodwa futhi kuholele ukuthethelelwa eside, kuncishiswe ingozi izinkinga. Ngaphambi aphathe isifo samathumbu, udokotela uqhuba uphethwe obuphelele elikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kungase kube imithi amasu kuhlinzwa ethandwa. Imithi kungaba izimpawu futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yezinkinga. Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iziguli eziningi kuyodingeka uthathele imithi evikela umuntu isikhathi eside. Ukukhethwa izidakamizwa incike kwasendaweni ukuvuvukala, kobukhulu izimpawu futhi uzoqondiswa ukuvimbela izifo Ukuphinda. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kudingeke ukuba sihlanganise imithi, ukwelekelela yokwelapha izidakamizwa abantu zokupheka.

Ukuze nokwelashwa kwezifo emathunjini bese izinqubo ukuvuvukala zisebenzisa izigaba ezilandelayo izidakamizwa:

- izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala (aminosalitsitaly, corticosteroids e);

- ejenti elwa namagciwane (isib, i-ejenti "Ciprofloxacin");

- immunomodulators (imithi "Methotrexate", "Azathioprine");

- isifo ukulungisa ejenti (izidakamizwa "infliximab", "Adalimumab").

Ukwelashwa zotshwala kumele sihambisane izinguquko ekudleni, ukucindezeleka ukuncishiswa, ukuphumula ukuhambisana umbuso. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu isikhathi sokwelashwa ukuthi isiguli ukulandela ukudla nge isifo wamathumbu. Ukudla kufanele libe imikhiqizo enempilo kulinganiswa nezinga isamba elanele amaprotheni nezinye izakhi. Ukudla ikhethwa ngamunye isiguli ngasinye. Ngu izincomo ezilandelayo jikelele akunakubangelwa voltage lesifanele:

- udla njalo kancane usuku lonke;

- uphuze amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile (kuze kube ngamalitha angu-2 ezinxenyeni ezincane, ngokulinganayo usatshalaliswa usuku lonke);

- gwema ukudla okuphezulu e-fiber (izithelo, amantongomane, i-bran);

- ukwenqaba ukudla okunamafutha okuthosiwe, ama-sauces, imikhiqizo ebangela ukuqhuma;

- Nciphisa imikhiqizo yobisi (ngokungahambisani ne-lactose);

- Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kubalulekile ukuthatha amavithamini B12, D, calcium, amalungiselelo ensimbi.

Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwezifo zezinyosi kwenziwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ukusebenza okuyinhloko, okubizwa ngokuthi imiphakamiso, kuhilela ukususwa kwezindawo ezithintekile emathunjini. Ukwelashwa kwama-abscesses kanye ne-fistula endaweni ye-anus kwenziwa ngosizo lokungenelela okulandelwayo okulandelwa yi-drainage.

Ukuvimbela

Umsebenzi oqondile wokugaya umzimba uqala ngempilo enhle jikelele. Izitho zomuthi wamathumbu zixhomeke esimisweni sokuzivikela esithembekile esingakwazi ukumelana nezici ezithathelwanayo. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihloswe ekuthuthukiseni impilo nenhlalakahle yomuntu.

1. Ukwenqaba ukubhema. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukubhema kubangela isifo senhliziyo, amaphaphu, kubangele ukucindezeleka komfutho wegazi. Ngokwezibalo, u-30% kuzo zonke izifo ezibangelwa ukubhema kwenzeka ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, ezingaphezu kuka-40% zazo ziyisifo sofuba. Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yokulonda i-ulcerative colitis, isifo sikaCrohn, siba nesibindi nama-pancrea, njll.
2. Ukulawula isisindo somzimba. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma isisindo esingaphezu kwesisindo sitholakala esiswini, kubangela izifo zesimiso sokugaya, izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nomdlavuza we-rectal cishe.
3. Indlela esebenzayo yokuphila. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi womzimba unciphisa ingozi yezifo ezisezintweni zomzimba, izinkinga zamathumbu kwasebekhulile.
4. Ukudla okunomsoco. Ukwenqaba ukudla okunamafutha amaningi kunomthelela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okunempilo kunesibindi, okwenza kube nokusebenza okuvamile kwamathumbu.