Izifo ezivame kakhulu ziyi-protozoal

Igama elithi "protozoal" lenziwa ngamagama esiGreki "protos", okungukuthi, "owokuqala", "zoon", okungukuthi, "isilwane". Lona ligama lombuso wezinto eziphilayo ezilula kakhulu ezivela eplanethi yethu phakathi kokuqala. Naphezu kokusungulwa kwesakhiwo sabo kanye nemisebenzi ebalulekile, iqembu elikhulu lalezi zidalwa ezincane zidala izifo ezibulalayo ze-protozoal kubantu nasezilwaneni. Abanye abantu bathola igciwane ngephutha labo, ngoba abahlali behlanzekile. Kodwa kune-protozoa enjalo efundile ukungena ngaphakathi kwesisulu ngosizo lwezinye izilwane - omiyane, izimpukane, amathikithi nabanye, ukuzivikela ezilweni ezingenakwenzeka njalo. Sinikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezimpawu zokutheleleka, izindlela zokwelashwa nokuvimbela.

Isithombe se-morphological of protozoa

Kuphelele kukhona amakhulu ezinhlobo ze-protozoa Emhlabeni. Ukutheleleka kwe-protozoal kubangele kuphela labo abaye bazivumelanisa nendlela yokuphila eyingozi. Ama-protozoans ahlala kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, futhi yonke indawo: enhlabathini, emanzini, emoyeni, kwezinye izimo eziphilayo. Zonke zihlanganisa kuphela iseli elilodwa, lapho zonke izici ezibalulekile zigxilwe khona. Abaningi abaculi bangakwazi ukuhamba, bezilwane, futhi banda ngokuhlukaniswa okulula, kodwa futhi ngokuya ocansini. Izinhlobo ze-parasitic enqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ziye zahlakulela futhi zahlanganiswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokungena emthanjeni wazo. Ngakho-ke, labo babo abachitha izigigaba zendlela yokugaya, sebenzisa ikakhulukazi indlela yokudla. Kule ndaba, abantu abadala noma ama-cysts aboshiya umlondolozi wabo emvelweni (ngezintambo, umchamo, njalo emanzini), lapho bahlala khona isikhathi esithile, baze bangene esitokisini esisha ngokuxhumana-ngomlomo (ngezandla ezingcolile nokudla). I-protozoa, ama-parasites egazini, isuka esiswini kuya esihlaselweni ngosizo lwezinambuzane zegazi. Kukhona nezinye izidumbu ezizikhethele yona indlela yocansi yokungena kumphathi omusha.

Izifo ezibangelwa i-protozoa

Ama-virus avulekile futhi ahlolwe ama-protozoal infections kuze kube manje enza izifo ezilandelayo:

- amebiasis;

- i-malariya;

- Giardiasis;

- i-toxoplasmosis;

- Leishmaniasis;

- ukugula ukulala;

- babesiosis;

- Isifo seChagas;

- Trichomoniasis;

- balantidiasis;

- sarcocystosis (ikakhulukazi ithinta izinkomo);

I-Isospore;

- cryptosporidiosis.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe okujwayelekile kubo futhi siqale ngamathumbu, sibe ne-etiology kanye ne-pathology efanayo.

Amebiasis

Lesi sifo siphinde sabizwa ngokuthi i- amoebic yamathambo. Kubangelwa ezinye izinhlobo ze-amoeba, ezikwazi ukuhlala kuphela kumuntu. Izifo ze-protozoal zalolu hlobo zingadluliselwa kuphela kumuntu osevele usulelekile. Isibilini se-Amoebic sinesimo sesibili kuhlu lwezifo ezibulalayo. Ngokuvamile kubonakala lapho kunesimo sezulu esishisayo futhi kugcwalisa izimo ezingenamthetho. Ama-cysts of parasites namanzi avela (emhlabathini, emanzini), lapho angahlala khona amasonto ambalwa. Esiswini esisha singena ngokudla, amanzi. Ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwimikhiqizo kungase kuqhume, izinkamba kanye nezinye "iziphuphutheki" zomuntu. Uma usengaphakathi emathunjini, ama-cysts abhubhisa izibilini zawo bese efaka izicubu zamathumbu, ezibangela isilonda sabo kanye ne-necrosis. Ngezinye izikhathi ngegazi bangathathwa kwezinye izitho, isibonelo, esibindi. Esigulini cishe cishe ngesonto emva kwe-infestation kunezibonakaliso:

- ubuhlungu esiswini;

- izinga lokushisa;

- ubuthakathaka;

- isifo sohudo (ngezinye izikhathi ngegazi kanye ne-mucus).

Ngaphandle kokwelapha okufanele, lesi sifo singangena efomeni elingapheli eliholela ekuqhumeni kwezindonga zamathumbu emathunjini, i-peritonitis nezinye izinkinga.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ikolonoscopy, ultrasound, PCR indlela. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, sebenzisa izidakamizwa "Metronidazole" noma "Tinidazole."

I-prophylaxis ye-protozoal infestinal infections, kuhlanganise ne-amoebic yamathambo, ikakhulukazi iqukethe ukugcina ukuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka. Kufanele:

- ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, thumba amanzi emzimbeni ovulekile;

- gcina ukuhlanzeka kwezandla nomzimba;

- ukugeza izithelo, amajikijolo, imifino, ehloselwe ukudla;

- ukubhubhisa izinambuzane - izimbangela zokutheleleka.

Kanti futhi ngenhloso yokuvimbela, inhlolovo yabasebenzi bonke abaqashiwe embonini yokudla iqhutshwa, futhi ukucwiliswa okuphelele kuqhutshwa lapho kuqhuma khona isifo.

Giardiasis

Izifo ze-protozoal, ezivela ekilasini lamathumbu, zifaka lesi sifo. I-agent yalo causative yi-Giardia. Ngokungafani ne-amoebae, zingadluliselwa kubantu ezivela ezinjanini, amakati, amacilongo, futhi abuye ahambise khona. Izimbangela zokutheleleka, njengokwesimo se-amebiasis, ukungabi nokuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka. Hlanganisa i-Giardia kuphela emathunjini amancane, futhi uhambele emaqenjini amancane, amafrida, aphethwe ngaphandle kwendwangu. Esimweni sangaphandle, baphila ngaphezu kwenyanga. Zonke izifo ezithathelwana ngamathumbu ezibelethwe ngamaprotheni zinempawu eziningi ezivamile - ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala, ukukhathala, isifo sohudo.

Nge-giardiasis, i-nausea, i-dermatitis ye-allergen, i-biliary tract dysfunction iyanezelwa kubo, futhi isifo sohudo singasuswa esikhundleni sokuqotshwa. Igazi egumbini, njengombuso, hhayi, kodwa ama-mucus angase abe khona.

Ukuxilongwa kweGiardiasis kwenziwa ngosizo lwezintambo zezicucu zokuba khona kwama-cysts kuwo.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngezigaba:

1. Ukuqedwa kwe-toxicosis nokubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi yamathumbu.

2. Ngosizo lwamalungiselelo "Trichopol", "Tiberal" nokunye okunjalo, izidumbu zibhujiswa.

3. Ukuqinisa umkhuhlane, ukudla, ukuthatha amavithamini nama-prebiotics.

Ukuvimbela i-giardiasis kuhlanganisa ukugcinwa kokuhlanzeka, ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, kanye nokuhlolwa kwabantu, ikakhulukazi izingane, ngokuhamba kwe-lamblia.

Cryptosporidiosis

Ayikho into ejwayelekile kakhulu, kodwa futhi izifo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-protozoal. Enye yazo i-cryptosporidiosis, ebangelwa i-protozoa yomndeni wakwa-Cryptosporididae futhi ekwazi ukuholela ekufeni. Abathintekayo ngomzila oxhumana ngomlomo, besebenzisa amanzi angaphathwa ngamanzi emifula, emachibini, ngisho namapayipi amanzi, izithelo ezingavunyelwe noma imifino, kanye nobulili obufanayo. Inkambo ye cryptosporidiosis isisekelo esiyinkimbinkimbi, isikhathi sokukhushulwa siphelela amasonto owodwa nengxenye, kancane kancane kuze kube inyanga, futhi uphawu oluyinhloko yisifo sohudo esibi kakhulu. Futhi kuziguli zikhona:

- isicanucanu ngaphambi kokuhlanza;

- umkhuhlane;

- ubuhlungu e-peritoneum;

- ukuxubha;

- izimpawu zokuphela kwamanzi.

Kubantu abanesandulela-ngculazi esikhulu, lesi sifo singenzeka ngaphandle kwempawu, kodwa sithwala izinambuzane.

I-Cryptosporidiosis iholela ku-pancreatitis, i-cholecystitis, i-cholangitis, ithinta amaphaphu, isisu nama-pancreas. Izindlela ezinhle, ukusiza ngokuphelele ngalokhu ukutheleleka, akukakhiwa.

Ukuvimbela kuhlanganisa ukungcola ukudla, amanzi, ubisi lwe-pasteurizing nokuhlanzeka okuhlanzekile.

Izifo ze-protozoal emathunjini, ezingavamile

Lezi zifaka i-balantidiasis, i-infusoria ye-infusoria ye-Balantidium coli, ne-isosporosis ebangelwa i-protozoa ye-genus Isospora. I-Infusoria Balantidium coli ihlala engxenyeni yokugaya izingulube, lapho izimpawu zesifo zingase zingekho khona. Emzimbeni womuntu, bawela ngenyama engaphenduliwe noma ngendlela ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izifo zamathumbu. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zohlobo olubi lwe-balantidiasis yihudo, ubuhlungu besisu, izinga lokushisa, izimpawu zokudakwa. Uma lesi sifo sidlulela esimweni esingapheli, ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu kubuthakathaka noma kuphele ngokuphelele, kodwa umuntu uba ngumthwali we-pathogen.

I-isospores elula emvelo yande kakhulu. Bangena emzimbeni womuntu ngendlela yezondlo. Isikhathi sokugxilonga sithatha isonto nengxenye, emva kwalokho isifo siqala kahle. Isiguli sinomkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini. Ezisifo esinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza zingabangela ukufa. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngama-antimicrobial agents: "Fundysidar", "Metronidazole" nabanye.

I-Malaria

Kunezifo ezinzima ze-protozoal, ukwelashwa okungahlali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngempumelelo. Esinye sezifo ezinjalo yi-malaria. Ngonyaka, kuthinta abantu abayizigidi ezingu-300, abangaba ngu-750 000 kubo. Idluliselwa ngamangqamuzana e-malaria lapho icela igazi. I-Malaria iyabonakala emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphansi kwamangqamuzana liyabulala. I-plasmodia ye-malaria negazi ingene esibindi, lapho iqala ukuphindaphinda ngomsebenzi omnandi ngokuhlukaniswa okulula. Esinye isidumbu singakwazi ukunikeza izilwane ezintsha eziphilayo ezingu-40! Bazibiza ngokuthi ama-merozoites. Le nqubo idlula isiguli ngaphandle kwempawu. Cishe ngemva kwenyanga nesigamu, ama-merozoite amasha ashiya isibindi aya egazini. Lapha bafaka amaseli abomvu bese baqala umsebenzi we-pathogenic. Kulokhu, kubonakala:

- umkhuhlane

- ikhanda elingenakubekezelelwa;

- amahlumela;

- ukuhlanza;

- ukuxubha;

- ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa ulwazi;

- I-anemia;

- ischemia;

- khukulula emcinini we-hemoglobin.

Sekuyiminyaka eminyaka, i-malariya iphathwe nge-quinine. Manje imithi emisha ithuthukiswe, njenge-Artesunat, i-Amodiachin, i-Cotripasit, i-Mefloquine nabanye. Ezinye zazo zisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kuphela, kodwa futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela. Imithi yokulwa ne-malaria, ngeshwa, cha.

I-Toxoplasmosis

Lokhu kuyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu se-protozoal, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Shayela i-protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Umthombo wokutheleleka uningi kakhulu (izilwane ezingaba ngu-180) zezilwane zasemakhaya nezilwane zasendle. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, i-toxoplasmosis ehlangene nengxenye yesintu. Izimbangela zokutheleleka yizi:

- ukusebenzisa inyama engaphendukiwe, amaqanda, ubisi;

- uxhumane nezilwane ezifuywayo ezigulayo ezifuywayo;

- izandla ezingcolile (emva kokusebenza nezilwane ezinegciwane);

- ukudluliselwa kwe-intrauterine;

- ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye / noma ukufakelwa komzimba;

- izingane, abazali baphethe izinyunyana ezincane.

Izimpawu zesifo zingaba kanje:

- izinga lokushisa;

- ikhanda;

- ukuhlanza;

- ukukhubazeka;

- izilonda zezitho eziningi nezinhlelo.

I-Toxoplasmosis ihamba ngezinhlobo ezimbili - ilukhuni futhi ingapheli futhi ingaba yocansi futhi izuzwe.

Isibikezelo sezinsana asinakulungele kakhulu, ngenxa yokusindiswa kwempilo yabo, ukwelashwa okunamandla kwenziwa. Konke okunye ukwelashwa akudingeki, ngoba ifomu elimangalisayo le-toxoplasmosis lidlula ngokwalo.

Babesiosis

Lokhu ukutheleleka kwe-protozoal kuthinta abantu nezilwane. Umthwali we-pathogen yizinambuzane. Izimpawu:

- izinga lokushisa eliphezulu;

- umkhuhlane;

- isibindi esikhulu nesipere.

Ezilwaneni, kukhona ukuwohloka okubuhlungu esimweni, isifo sohudo, ukuqothulwa, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, umchamo wegazi, izinkomo zibe ubisi obunzima, izimvu ziyeke ukukhulelwa. Ukufa phakathi kwezilwane ezivela kubesiosis kuya ku-80%.

Abantu bangahlakulela lesi sifo ngamafomu amancane futhi aqinile. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngamalungiselelo "Berenil", "Albargin", "Akapini" nabanye.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-protozoal, okwenziwa yizinambuzane ezondla igazi, kubandakanya ikakhulukazi ekubhujisweni kwawo, kanye nokugoma.

Izifo Eziyinkimbinkimbi

Ngaphandle kokusabalalisa, kunezifo ezithathelwanayo ze-protozoal, okutholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezithile. Ungagula ngokuya lapho eholidini noma emsebenzini. Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni ase-Afrika ashisayo, okuthiwa ukugula ukuvame ukuvama , okunikezwa abantu yizindiza ze-tsetse. Ngemva kokuluma, izimpawu zokuqala zivela emavikini amathathu. Kungaba izinwele kanye nezinhlungu ezihlangene, umkhuhlane, ukushaya. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, umuntu unenqwabalala, ukudideka, ukulahleka kokuma lapho uhamba khona. Ukwelashwa kokugula okulele kungumuthi kuphela.

ELatin America, kunenye inkinga, okuthiwa i- Chagas isifo. Benza abantu bakhe bange izimbungulu, ezithwala izinambuzane ezilula kakhulu zezitshalo ze-Trypanosoma cruzi. I-symptomatology yalesi sifo ibanzi, ngoba izinqubo zokuvuvukala zenzeka ezithombeni eziningi: enhliziyweni, isibindi, imisipha, ubuchopho nomgogodla, nezinguquko ezishintshayo zezinhlaka kuleli cala ezingenakuguqulwa. Lesi sifo senziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Eyokuqala ibhekene nobuhlungu esiswini, esifubeni, emisipha yomzimba wonke, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, umkhuhlane, ukuphefumula. Esesibili ukuthi iningi labantu abanegciwane lidlula ngaphandle kwezimpawu, abanye kuphela banezimpawu zokulimaza ohlelweni lwezinzwa, lokugaya nesifo senhliziyo.

I-prophylaxis yezifo ezithathelwanayo ze-protozoal kanye ne-viral

Ukwelashwa nge-protozoa kufana nezindlela eziningi zokutheleleka ngama-virus. Ngakho-ke, cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-fever (i-dengue, iphuzi, i-West Nile, i-Karelian) ibangela amagciwane ahlukahlukene, kodwa adluliselwa kusuka emanzini aphilile kuya ogulayo. Esinye isithwala esivamile se-protozoa kanye namagciwane kukhona umkhaza, ukukhala okungabangela i-encephalitis. I-rotavirus eyaziwa abaningi kithi iwela emzimbeni wesisulu, uma imithetho yokuhlanzeka ingabonwa.

Njengoba izindlela zokutheleleka ngama-parasite elula futhi ama-virus ahlukile kancane, ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-protozoal kanye negciwane kufanele kube okufanayo. U-Ogulov AT ngokubambisana no-Eshtokina GM no-Abdusalamova F. M. banyathelisa incwadi lapho kuhlongozwa khona izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo, ezifayo, nezifo ze-helminthic. Ibuye ikutshele indlela yokuphatha ngayo nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani kuzo. Into esemqoka okumele ihlonishwe njalo kuwo wonke umuntu ingukuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka. Lezi zikhundla ziba yisithiyo kuma-parasites amaningi abantu. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo ezithwala izinambuzane ukubhujiswa kwazo nokuqedwa kwemvelo. Ukugoma kungcono ukuvimbela izifo lapho umzimba uveza khona ukuzivikela.