Yeka indlela okuyingozi kuyinto Chagas isifo? Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Sifo Nokuselapha

Ngezinye izikhathi izinambuzane angabakhulula indoda enkingeni kuyindaba eqakathekileko. Omunye wabo - isifo Chagas, noma Chagas isifo, kubangelwa igazi-abancela izimbungulu. Wazichaza iminyaka engaphezu kuka-100 edlule, udokotela othile waseBrazil uCarlos Ribeiro Chagas kunaye immortalized. igama isifo umsindo ezahlukene, kuya ngokuthi yokubiza amagama owathola yayo. Ingabe Chagas isifo kuyingozi nokuthi sina kangakanani? Impendulo yalo mbuzo inguyebo. Yebo, zibe yingozi, nakuba kukhona abantu abahlala nalesi sifo iminyaka ungazi ngisho nokwazi atheleleke. Kodwa lokhu ngaphandle kunokuba umthetho. Ezivame kakhulu yi isifo sad: iziguli ufe kungakapheli izinyanga zokuqala emva kokutheleleka. Kanjani futhi kuphi ungakwazi sithathe le ukutheleleka futhi kungani abantu kuso ezinjalo basabela ngezindlela ezingafani? Ake sizame ukuphendula.

isifo Chagas: sendawo

Ukuze abaseRussia, ngenhlanhla, ngenkathi lesi sifo angavamile. Kodwa uma ne-AIDS kithi lalikude, endaweni ethile e-America kwezilwandle. Isimo esifanayo okwamanje kubonisa futhi isifo sikaChagas. Raspostranen Uphi yena manje? Phakathi kwabantu ngobuningi irejista yayo kulelivekati South America futhi kwamanye amazwe zaseCaribbean, eBrazil, Venezuela, Panama, Mexico, Peru, i-Argentina, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Bolivia, Suriname, i-El Salvador, French Guiana , Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras. Kepha izilwane zasendle, nayo itheleleke nge sikaChagas isifo (izingwejeje, amagundane, opossums, amakati, izinja kanye nabanye, ingqikithi 150 zama) ukutheleleka ukubonwa enyakatho. Inikeza yokwesaba ukuthi isifo maduze ukusakaza ezijulile Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika. Kakade kukhona izimo e-Texas, Arizona, eningizimu yeCalifornia futhi Maryland. Nyusa trypanosomiasis American emhlabeni wonke neqhaza ukuthuthelwa sabantu, eminyakeni 15-20 iminyaka, ezenzeka ngesilinganiso akuyona angase aqinisekiswe. Izakhamuzi zasemazweni aseLatin-America, ukuhamba umhlaba beyofuna ukuphila okungcono, izivakashi - kusesho adventure. Enye Imbangela evamile ukutheleleka ukuthi abampofu kulezi zifunda hhayi kuphela ukuqonda ngasiphi umsebenzi, kodwa ngenxa imali ngegazi ngisho ukuthengisa izitho zabo (izinso, amehlo, njll). Lapho ehlola namanye amaphuzu yokumpontshelwa igazi e-United States kwembula ukuthi impahla onenkinga Chagas isifo ezingaphezu kuka nge kwesibindi nengculaza. Futhi ngesikhathi kuvulwa ababulawa isifo senhliziyo noma congestive senhliziyo kubantu ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin esifundeni American kwembula ukuthi oyedwa ehlupheka ezimbili kusukela isifo esifanayo, idlulisela kuphela kwifomu ezingamahlalakhona. Ngakho imingcele eduze esizayo endaweni isifo sikaChagas kungenzeka ukuthi zinyamalale.

agent causative

Kancane-eyaziwa kuze Chagas isifo - ukutheleleka kuyinto izimuncagazi ezincane owumphumela ophilayo - Cruise trypanosomes (Trypanosoma cruzi). Bayibiza Carlos Chagas Institute behlonipha Osvaldo Cruz. Lezi zidalwa kukhona kungekho nto enemibala emihle (esithombeni, zikhonjisiwe egazini umaka lesiguli namabala), ngemizimba side, efana uthi lokuphotha. Ngesinye ekupheleni has a msila ukusiza trypanosomes ukuhambisa ngomzimba isisulu (ikakhulukazi igazi). Ukufinyelela kwabo isitho afunekayo, ukungena ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi ku amaseli bese yakha bezzhgutikovuyu yakha ifomu yaytsepodobnogo (amastigote). Ngo emangqamuzaneni trypanosomes ngenkuthalo ziyanda, ukwakha veretenopodobnyh "izingane" entsha nge flagella, okuyinto ukungena egazini isisulu ukuze izimpikiswano ezengeziwe umzimba. isici esingesihle kakhulu la ababulali ezincane ukuthi bayakwazi ukuthonya omzimba isisulu, ephoqa owayemlandela ukuba alahle ithawula. Trypanosomes kukhona kuphela indlela yisinanakazana wokuphila, okwenza kanjalo indlela: umuntu (isilwane) - bug - umuntu (isilwane). Kule mibuthano, ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila ushintsho amafomu: kusukela amaqanda ukuze omdala. Basuke ngenkuthalo siphindaphindeka izimbungulu esiswini, ezisetshenziswa ukwakhisa e umzimba ube nempilo.

Izindlela ukutheleleka

isifo sikaChagas, okuyinto Transporter - okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi triatominae bloodsucking, wacosha ikakhulukazi ebusuku, lapho ulele kumagumbi lapho lezi zinambuzane baphile. Othile wababiza ngokuthi ihlaya "bona kiss," ngoba uthanda ukuluma ikakhulukazi phezu izindebe. Igama lajwayeleka. Nokho, hhayi yonke indawo. Ngo-Chile kunye ne-Argentina, bebizwa kuyakhanya - vinchuca, lokho kusho isinambuzane, futhi e-Brazil - wezinwele chinch. Zonke phakathi ezinkulu impi triatominae, zikhona 130 zinhlobo Melika wedwa wathola engaphezu kuka-10 izinhlobo, okuyizinto abathwali lokhu silwanyana iyona ejenti causative of yisifo sikaChagas. Ngaphezu izinambuzane, angaba ngumuntu ogulayo ngokusebenzisa sisondelene, lapho igazi lakhe lingena emzimbeni enempilo contactee izilonda zesikhumba. Yini akuyona AIDS entsha? Ngakho ngokuvamile ukutheleleka kwenzeka ezibhedlela ngokusebenzisa ampontshelwe igazi, ngalé isitho ukufakelwa. Izinsana itheleleke esibelethweni, uma eyoba othwala isifo. Indlela enokuthula kunazo eyolanda ukutheleleka - ngokudla, owawuya indle wokulwa nezimbungulu. Lokhu kungenzeka uma kuhovarili itheleleke nge Chagas isifo abantu musa ihluke nokuhlanzeka. Ngakho-ke, baya labo ababencishwe amathuba ngaphambilini ngokumelene amazwe triatominae, kungcono ukuba ukhethe indawo yokulala ophucukile ngaphezulu (ihhotela kungcono), wathenga imifino nezithelo wageza kahle, futhi ekhaya zezinto ezidliwayo, zisize olunikezwa abathengisi bendawo, uyeke.

Wenzenjani ungenwe

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi Chagas sifo wacosha lapho bug eluma ngesikhumba nekucala niphuze igazi. Empeleni akunjalo. Ungakwazi zilunywe izikhathi eziyishumi, futhi zihlale ziphilile. Futhi zonke ngenxa ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeka uma isisulu ngeke trypanosomes Cruz, elise indle izimbungulu isikhumba sakho noma nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Lezi zinambuzane basonta izintokazi, ngubani lapho bedla lapho futhi crap. Lapha sibona indoda igama iphupho ayikwazanga ukuyisiza ukunwaya (futhi izilwane zikhotha) indawo yenhlwathi. Kusukela izimuncagazi angena emzimbeni, futhi umnikazi walo omusha. Ngu uqobo, bug okunempilo akuyona yingozi. Kodwa ngo-iluma abantu igciwane, ungenwa cishe ngokuphelele trypanosomes, futhi Ukulunywa elandelayo adlulisele izisulu entsha isifo sikaChagas. I-ejenti causative uhlala futhi liphindaphindeke esiswini wesinambuzane. Kuyathathelena bug kuyinto imfuna (cishe iminyaka engu-2). izimuncagazi Mature zitholakala emathunjini isisulu kanye indle kuthiwa ukhiphe. Uma emzimbeni womuntu, kuqala trypanosomes wande izinto eziningi ezinkulu egazini, bese axazulule imisipha (ikakhulu enhliziyweni emathunjini ipheshana epithelium). Abantu abampofu e-Latin America bahlala eziminyene, imindeni emikhulu e maqhugwane agugile, lapho izimbungulu kukhona Nooks eziningi crannies. Ngokuvamile Chagas isifo ithelela wonke amalungu omkhaya ngisho lonke omakhelwane. Nokudla Okunempilo Kwabo ngomcabango: izilwane zokucwaninga itheleleke nge trypanosomes, ngisho nalapho isikhumba sabo alilinyaziwe.

Ifomu acute lesi sifo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esikhathini prokusyvaniya isikhumba bedbug kobuhlungu futhi imperceptible. Ngemva kwalokho, endaweni kukhona obomvu kancane (futhi ngezinye izikhathi lutho), abanye abantu yathi ukuvuvukala kanye ukulunywa. Afihliwe (bayashintshana ekufukameleni) isikhathi, ngenkathi amagciwane egazini isisulu assiduously okusakazwa, kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa izinsuku ezingu-10, kuye ngokuthi amandla omzimba isiguli kanye ukuthambekela kwakhe komzimba. Bese kufika okuthiwa ifomu oyingozi. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi isifo esiyingozi ngokwedlulele lethality sikaChagas. Izinkomba ilezi:

• ukwanda elibukhali lokushisa ezingeni esibucayi;
• umkhuhlane;
• izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla;
• ezinkingeni;
• ukungasebenzi inhliziyo;
• eside ubuhlungu esiswini, esifubeni, zonke izicubu;
• ukuhluleka adrenal;
• anda yegilo indlala, ubende, futhi zamanzi.

Ngokwethulwa izinambuzane izinzwa ikakhulukazi isifo iphelela nzima sikaChagas. Izimpawu kulokhu zimi kanje:

• ukukhubazeka;
• ukungakhuli inkulumo;
• athetosis;
• abanokukhubazeka bokusungula.

izimpawu:

• ukuvuvukala izindebe;
• ukuvuvukala emehlweni;
• ukuthenga bronzing isikhumba.

Ifomu acute ingahlala izinyanga ezimbili, ngesikhathi lapho abantu abaningi (ikakhulukazi izingane) afe. Abasinda Inkinga izimpawu eziyinhloko zinyamalale kanye nesifo ingena esigabeni esilandelayo. umuntu elinegciwane iba ezithathelwanayo emva kwezinsuku 10-11 emva bite.

Ifomu okungamahlalakhona

Kulesi sigaba of yisifo sikaChagas kungaba isikhathi eside ngokuvamile akusho ukuzibonakalisa, ukuthi ebonwe cishe 80% eziguli. Trypanosomes ayisekho nethonya kule nguqulo igazi buthelela ezicutshini futhi amaseli isiguli kanye kancane kancane awabhubhise. I "Chronicle" ngezikhathi waphawula exacerbation kushintshana ne ukuthethelelwa okuphelele. Chagas bahlonze lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo isifo esingelapheki:

• psevdomiksedematoznaya;
• myxedema;
• kwemizwa;
• inhliziyo.

uhlobo Psevdomiksedematozny iphawulwa izingane ezineminyaka engu-15 abasebasha. Kuyinto isici ukukhuphuka kancane yegilo kanye zamanzi. Ngezikhathi exacerbations ezinganeni iqala imfiva, imfiva, tachycardia uyalandelwa. Izimuncagazi ngesinyenyela singene kwezicubu ongama, okuyinto ikakhulukazi okulimaza ubuso bakhe. Isici ukuvuvukala kanye ububomvu kungenziwa waqaphela zibukeke isifo sikaChagas. Izithombe okwethulwa anhlobonhlobo izinsiza ayisipesheli ngezihloko yezokwelapha, imbangela, uma sikubeka kahle, ezingemnandi.

Myxedema uhlobo kuhlukile odlule thuthuva olukhudlwana kule ndlala.

uhlobo Nervous igcwele ukubambezeleka ukuthuthukiswa izingane infantilism.

Senhliziyo kuholela pericarditis, bradycardia nezinye izinkinga inhliziyo.

Nge kwasendaweni trypanosomes Cruz e ezindongeni emathunjini ipheshana izitho waphawula achalasia, okusho imisipha motility iziyaluyalu kwazo lezi zitho. Lokhu kuholela isimiso ngomphimbo kanye nokwanda isisu namathumbu. Isiguli sinelungelo ubuhlungu lapho uvuleka ukudla nokuwela yayo ngokusebenzisa kuqhoqhoqho, ukuhlanza, ukubhodla, ukulahlekelwa esisindo naphezu iphango egculisayo. Lezi zimpawu musa kuxhomeke ukuvumelana ukudla, futhi kukhona ukudla ngisho uketshezi.

ukuhlola

isifo sikaChagas inqunywe izimpawu zangaphandle ekuhloleni emitholampilo ye nesineke futhi eminye izifundo laboratory wegazi ngesibonakhulu futhi cwaningo serological. Nokho, esimweni njalo lesi sifo e-trypanosomes begazi awushintshanga ongaphakeme, ngenxa okuyinto kuba nzima ukuthola kwabo.

Lapho akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa amagciwane e isampuli igazi, yobukhona babo iyenziwa e-lymph (ukwenza biopsy).

Futhi esetshenziswa xenodiagnosis. Ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi umuntu ogulayo enempilo itshalwe izimbungulu laboratory, futhi kamuva (emva kwezinsuku ezingu 14) Ukutadisha ezavela namathumbu abo izimuncagazi noma cha.

Enye test - igazi isiko kanye ngokuxhunyelelwa ke ukuhlola izilwane.

Lapho uveza amaphuzu angabalulekile amasu ukumpontshelwa igazi esetshenziswa, esekelwe ukusabela omzimba Fluorescent, kanye ukusabela gammaglyutinatsii unyathela amabhuleki, okuyinto ebucayi ngaphezulu, nakuba ayengazi njengoba ethize.

Imiphumela emihle kanye nemibukiso sampula Mashad-Guerreyro. Kusekelwe yokusabela coupling of a ukuncoma, okungukuthi, ukuthola omzimba kuya antigen we amagciwane. Lokhu Assay ibaluleke kakhulu esigabeni ezingamahlalakhona lesi sifo uma ezinye izindlela akuzona namandla ngokukhethekile.

ukwelashwa

Okwamanje, zikhona kakade izidakamizwa ezingakusiza ukukunqoba ngokuphelele lesi sifo Chagas. Ukwelashwa kusebenza ngempumelelo, ngeshwa, kuphela esigabeni sokuqala kuze trypanosomes ungazange elangena ku izitho ezibalulekile. Lokhu "Nifurtimox" futhi "Benznidazole". Bona angathengwa e-US naseLatin America, ngokuqinile on kadokotela. Nikeza idatha imithi in iziguli ifomu acute lesi sifo, izingane, ngesikhathi umuntu uyahluleka uma elwa, ngaphandle ifomu njalo isifo akasebenzisi. Ezigabeni kamuva, ngokuphelele akusebenzi. Ngakho-ke, zonke izenzo odokotela igxile ekwelapheni yezinkinga - isifo senhliziyo, pheshana emathunjini, isimiso sezinzwa, yegilo kanye nezinye izitho.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abaye ukuza emva ifomu ngokujulile yokutakula sobala, abaqapheli isifo Chagas yeka ukuthi kuyingozi kanjani '. Nokho minyaka kudala ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 50 abakhileyo emhlabeni. It itheleleke okwamanje, ngokusho kombiko ezihlukahlukene, kusukela 15 kuya ezigidini ezingama-20, kodwa lezi zibalo akuzona ethembeke kakhulu, njengoba abampofu, kuhlanganise Chagas / Chagas isifo ikakhulukazi kabanzi kodokotela akuvamile. Onalesi sifo yalesi sifo sisihle kuphela amacala ekuqaleni ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala, uma isikhathi sebe sikhuphulile yokutakula mhlawumbe ngokuphelele. Esikhathini kamuva ngeke welaphe. Futhi, akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela izitho abathintekayo kanye nezinambuzane ubhujiswe. Minyaka yonke, phambi izifo esingamahlalakhona ubulala iziguli eziningi acute inhliziyo ukwehluleka, isifo senhliziyo, ukufa uhlangothi kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo kubangelwa trypanosomes cruzi.

zokuvimbela

Ukuze isifo kokululama sikaChagas, zokuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba akekho wokugoma ngokumelene Trypanosoma cruzi akusho. ke lokhu kuyingozi ngoba izakhamuzi izifunda:

• esiphezulu nokuhlola ekhaya lakho Bheka ubufakazi bokuba khona izidleke izimbungulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze afeze ukuthuthwa kwendle emizini nge uthosithombe
• uma kungenzeka, ukwakhela izilenge embhedeni;
• inhlanzeko.

Izivakashi:

• sokugwema ukuvakashela ehlathini, ikakhulukazi endaweni evulekile izingubo ehlobo;
• a esibucayi indlela kukhethwa indawo yokulala;
• ungalilahli ulingeke ukuba okukhona kwezilwandle isidlo ezihlinzekwa emgwaqweni futhi emakethe Abadayisi (uma kukhona into eqinisekile ukuthi ukudla yalungiswa, kulandela imithetho yenhlanzeko).

Ukuze Sanepid:

• sihlole izinsana nabantwana amadala zomama eqoshiwe isifo sikaChagas;
• afeze kwezakhiwo ezindala;
• njalo ukuthuthwa kwendle zinambuzane izakhiwo zokuhlala izakhamuzi;
• Ukuhlolwa igazi elithekelisiwe futhi abaphi ngokucophelela.

Kukhona isiphakamiso ibheka konke abavela kwamanye amazwe abantu ayefika evela emazweni sendawo, okumele ukuvimbela ukusabalala Chagas sifo nezinye izifunda. Nokho, unikezwa ukungcoliswa eliphezulu trypanosomes Cruzi inkinga isifo isilwane eminyakeni ezayo akunakwenzeka ukuba ixazululwe.