Amabhethri e-Coke: idivayisi, isimiso sokusebenza, injongo. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kwe-Coke

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Metallurgical kungenakucabangeki ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-coke, okunikeza amandla ukuqubuka i-ore ene-iron enomlilo ovuthayo. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokuthola i-coke iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idla isikhathi. Ukwakha, amakhemikhali akhethekile asezimboni akhiwa ngokuthi "amabhethri e-coke". Isakhiwo sabo, injongo kanye nezici kuzoxoxwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko.

Incazelo

Amabhethri e-coke - yonke inkimbinkimbi ye-metallurgical, inhloso eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ngevolumu edingekayo ye-coke ngokuthutha kwayo okulandelayo ekuthengiseni izitsha zomlilo. Lezi zakhiwo zokukhiqiza zingase zihluke ngokwezilinganiso zabo phakathi kwabo, kodwa kunoma yikuphi ubukhulu babo buyinkimbinkimbi ngempela.

Ukwakhiwa

Ilungiselelo lamabhethri e-coke kanje. Izakhi eziyinhloko zalezi zitsha yizindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-coking rooms. Kuzo ukuthi inqubo yokubeka izinto ezibonakalayo zenzeka. Ikamelo lokupheka esithandweni somlilo akuyona eyodwa eyodwa. Futhi izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zebhethri zingacatshangwa futhi izikhala zokushisa lapho kuqhuma khona ukushisa kwamafutha. Ukulinganisa okulinganisako kwekamelo lokupheka kunjengalokhu:

• Ubude buvela kumamitha angu-12 kuya kwangu-16.
• Ukuphakama kungamamitha angu-4-5.
• Ububanzi buyizinkulungwane ezingu-400-450.

Ngokuvamile, okuyinkimbinkimbi, ngenxa yokuthi amabhethri e-coke anamandla okusebenza ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Ukwamukela ubunki, othola amalahle aluhlaza.
• Isigaba sokuxuba nokuchoboza amalahle.
• Umshini wokusabalalisa.
• Ilayisha i-trolley.
• Ikamelo lokupheka.
• I-coke ejector.
• Ukuqeda imoto.
• Umbhoshongo womlilo.
• Isiteji lapho umkhiqizo oqediwe oqediwe ulayishwa khona.

Isithando ngokwayo ekukhiqizeni i-coke ngesimo sayo jikelele sinokubunjwa kwayo:

• Amakamelo okulayisha amalahle wamalahle.
• Ukuhlukanisa ukwahlukanisa ngesistimu yeziteshi zokushisa.
• Isistimu yokusabalalisa igesi kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi.
• I-Regenerator yokushisa umoya kanye negesi lokukhipha.
• Misa ama-valve namasu.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Amabhethri e-coke, kuye ngokuthi imodi yokusebenza, ihlala njalo futhi iqhubeka. Lawa mabhethri angatshiswa:

• Kuphela ngokuqhuma kwesithando somlilo.
• Kuphela ngegesi le-coke oven.
• Ingxube yokuvutha kwesithando somlilo ne-coke oven.

Ukushisa kwesitoreji sebhethri kungafaka:

• Isiteshi se-Flap, lapho amagesi anethuba lokuwa phakathi kwama-pier.
• Isiteshi somswakama wokubuyisela emuva.

Igesi lokufudumala ibhetri linikezwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili:

• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho igesi le- coke elihamba nge- coke lihamba nge-cornuco (isiteshi sokuhambisa igesi), futhi umoya nokuqhuma kwesithando somlilo - eceleni kweziteshi ezansi zomlawuli.
• Ngezansi kwinethiwekhi ekhethekile yokusabalalisa umoya.

Amagama ambalwa mayelana nomlawuli

Lo mshini wokushisa okhethekile uvumela ophuzile ukuba axhumane nama-coven ophawulwe ngokucacile. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukushisa okushisayo kuveza ukushisa kwodonga olubandayo nama-buses, futhi emva kwalokho, badlulisa ukushisa emthonjeni wokushisa obandayo.

Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zokushintshanisa ukushisa, okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-recuperators." Kuzo, ama-coolants afudumele futhi ashisayo enza ukushintshana kwamandla phakathi kwabo odongeni olwakhiwe ngokukhethekile phakathi kwabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-gases ashisayo awela phansi kuqala, bese kuthi amagagasi e-flap aqhutshwe, ukuze ukuphuma kwamanzi okubandayo kuqala ukuvela phezulu.

Izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwephethiloli ekukhiqizeni kwe-coke-chemical

Inqubo yokupheka ngokwayo isamandla kakhulu, okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwemali enkulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwayo, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:

• Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-coke quenching eyomile. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla okushisa omkhiqizo asetshenziselwa ukushisa umshini noma amanzi. Ngokuyinhloko, kusuka kumathani owodwa we-coke ophelile, cishe i-GJ yokushisa itholakala ngesimo se-steam.
• Ukuzivuselela kokuvuselela okusetshenzisiwe kusetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukushisa emikhiqizo yomlilo. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukwandisa indawo yokushisa embuzeni.
• Ukubalwa kwesikhathi sokusebenza esiphakathi kwe-valve switching. Akusho ukuthi uma bevame ukushintsha, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzokwenza ukunciphisa ivolumu yokuvuselela nokushisa kokushisa kuzo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenza njalo kwama valve kuzokwenza ukuthi kube khona ukwehluleka okusheshayo nomthwalo owengeziwe kuwo wonke ama-nodes aseduze nezinxenye.
• Ukushisa kwesibhakabhaka kanye nokukhipha okumile kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Inqubo yezobuchwepheshe

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Coke kunzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani ezimweni zangempela, kuzuzisa ukufunda umjikelezo wezobuchwepheshe ngemininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isitolo sokukhiqiza i-coke njalo siqala ngombhoshongo wamalahle. Kukuzo kuza izinto zokusetshenziswa. Engxenyeni engezansi yombhoshongo kukhona ukuvalwa okukhethekile. Ngayo amalahle athunyelwa kuma-bunkers athola umshini wokulayisha amalahle. Ukuze kukhishwe ukuthi kungenzeka amalahle angena ngaphakathi kombhoshongo, umoya ocindezelekile unikezwa ngokuphakama kwawo konke, okuhlinzekwa yizifiso eziphakathi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-batch yecala lihambisana nodonga lombhoshongo. Umbhoshongo kufanele ugcwalise okungenani izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zombhalo wayo.

Umshini wokugcwalisa ugcwele noma ngevolumu noma ngesisindo. Inqubo yokuyigcwalisa ilawulwa izikali. Amalahle aphelelwa esithandweni ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba i-coke eqediwe ihlinzekwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukondla kokukhokhwa kwenzeka ngenhla. Ngesikhathi sokulayishwa kwehhavini le-coke, umuntu obhekene nalokhu - i-hatch eyodwa - uphendukela esithandweni somqoqo wegesi futhi usebenze umjovo. Inqubo yonke yokulanda ithatha imizuzu emithathu kuya kweyisithupha.

Ngemuva kwalokho, isithando somlilo sivaliwe ngendlela ehle kakhulu, futhi inqubo yokushisa inkokhelo iqala. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-coke kumabhethri e-coke ovini kuhlanganisa izinqubo zokushisa ezilandelayo:

• Ku-100-110 ° C, amalahle omisiwe.
• Ngaphansi kuka-110 ° С - 200 ° С, umswakama obunama-hygroscopic kanye nama-colloid, ama-gase angasetshenziswa.
• Kuqala ukulungiselela ukushisa okungama-200 ° C - 300 ° C, okuhambisana nokubunjwa kwemikhiqizo emihle yokubhujiswa okushisayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamaqembu aphethwe oksijini angakhazi kahle.
• 300-500 ° C - ububanzi bokushisa lapho isimo sepulasitiki sibonakala khona. I-gas ne-vapor zikhishwa ngokukhululekile, kusetshenzwa isigaba samanzi.
• 550-800 ° C - ukupheka okuphakathi kokushisa. Ukusebenzisana kuqiniswa.
• 900-1100 ° С - ukupheka izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Coke esithandweni somlilo

Ibhethri ye-coke, isimiso sokusebenza esichazwe kulesi sihloko, sidinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokulethwa kwemikhiqizo eqedile kuyo. Kungakapheli imizuzu engamashumi amabili ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhishwa kwesitofu ngokunqunywe kumuntu oqoqa igesi bese kuxoxisana nomkhathi ngokuvula i-cap riser.

Ngemva kwalokhu, iminyango yesithando isuswe futhi ikhukhunathi ikhishwa ngaphandle kwekamelo emotweni yemoto ngebha ekhethekile. Kule ndaba, uma kungenjalo isizathu sokukhishwa kwe-coke kuhlelwe ngamaminithi angaphezu kwengu-10, ngakho-ke umnyango kumele ubuyiselwe emuva. Ukuvulwa kwangaphambi kwesimiso sezingubo zokuphakama akuvinjelwe, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuwa okukhulu kwebhande ngaphakathi kwebhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminyango yesithando somlilo kufanele ihlanzwe igrafu ne-resin ngaphambi nangemva kwenqubo yokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo eqedile. Ukuqeda i-coke emotweni ekhethekile kuyindlela ephoqelekile, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokhu ukusebenza i-coke esilungile ingaphinda ivule.

Ukubalwa kwamabhethri e-coke okuhlinzekwa ngamanzi kuhlinzeka ukuthi ama-furna kumele abe nesikhathi sokusebenza nokulungisa. Phakathi nomjikelezo wokusebenza, i-coke ihanjiswa, futhi ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokunakekela, ukugcinwa kwazo zonke izinyunithi nemishini, ukuhlanza nokunye okunjalo kwenziwa.

Essence

Esikhathini sokuqala sokupheka, amalahle omisiwe, wonke ama-adsorbed gas asuswa kuwo futhi ukubola kuqala. Ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka kwamalahle embusweni wepulasitiki, ukuqothula okuqalayo - inqubo enqumayo yonke umjikelezo wokupheka. Esigabeni sesithathu, i-char ihlolwe ukubala nokuqina. Yisisindo esibucayi esibangela ukumelana kwamagesi endleleni eya kumqoqi wegesi, ngaleyo ndlela kudala ukucindezela ukupheka, okwenza ngokusemthethweni kuhlawulelwe ukukhishwa kwe-coke esele isakhiwe.

Ukulondolozwa

"Kungani ungeke ubeke amabhethri e-coke?" - lo mbuzo ongase uzwakale emlonyeni womuntu kude nobuqili nokukhiqizwa kwe-coke. Into ewukuthi lezi zinyunithi zihloswe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (ukushisa okuphezulu, ukugqoka okweqile, njll.) Futhi uma kwenzeka ukuma okungakapheli ngaphandle kokulungiswa kahle lezi zitsha kungalahlekelwa ukushiswa kwempahla ngaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenza, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukumisa ukusebenza kwebhethri ye-coke oven bese wenza izinyathelo zokulondoloza ezicacisiwe. Indlela esebenza ngayo - ukuchaza isikhathi eside kakhulu, kubalulekile kuphela ukukhombisa ukuthi kukhona okuthiwa "okupholile" nokulondoloza "okushisayo". Yiyiphi indlela ongayikhetha - inqunywa ngokuqondile yinhloko yenkampani, kuye ngesimo kanye nezizathu zokumiswa kweyunithi.