I-Howitzer "Tulip". "Tulip" - isakhiwo se-self-propelled unit 240 mm

I-Russia lizwe elikhulu, lixhumana nalo lonke izwe. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe yonke imizuzu yesikhashana, ukuqhutshwa kwempi kwenziwa, lapho amasosha aseRussia, noma okungenani izikhali zaseRussia nezimoto zempi, zibandakanya. Ngemva kokuvakashela i -parade ye-Victory emadolobheni ahlukene, ungabona indlela ezobuchwepheshe ezihlukahlukene ngayo: izikhali, amathangi, amabutho empi, amaloli nezimoto ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene.

Abasunguli banika amagama abo engavamile: i-Strizh ne-Mig, i-Grad, i-Smerch, i-Peony ne-bouquet ebulala abantu abaningi, i-Acacia, i-Hyacinth ne-Tulip. I-Howitzer "Tulip" - enye yezimbali ezinhle zezikhali, ake siyihlole ngokuningiliziwe.

Umlando wendalo

Ngesikhathi seKrushchev, amabutho empi ayengavumelani nezidingo zezikhathi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemicibisholo kwakudingeka. Ngaleso sikhathi, esigabeni sokuhlola sokuhlola, kwakukhona imiklamo eminingana ethembisayo eyangena izikhali zanoma yiliphi ithangi. Kodwa lo myalelo uyamukelwa, futhi imishini yaqedwa.

Into ethile igcinwe endaweni ethile, isandla somuntu asizange sikhuphukele ekuqothuleni indalo yayo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, isibhamu SU-100P "Anti-tank" esiphikisayo manje esivela emnyuziyamu owaziwa kakhulu wezimoto zokuzivikela eKubinka.

Impi yaseVietnam yabonisa ngokucacile umgwaqo wamabutho ethu aseMelika. I-United States isetshenzisile i-M109, ehlasela ilitshe elikude kuya ku-14 km. Impumelelo endala yayikhunjulwa ngokuphuthumayo, iWest ibambelela ekuthuthukiseni izikhali. Khona-ke kwakhiwa isixha se-armor-piercing ku-Urals - Acacia, Hyacinth kanye ne-Tulip - indlela yokwenza, isithombe esinikezwa ngezansi. Lezi zinsuku zanikezwa ngokufishane, futhi kakade ngo-1971 imishini yayivivinyiwe ensimini futhi yafakwa enkonzweni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, bahlala lapho, ngokwemvelo, ngezinye izinguquko nokuguqulwa.

Inhloso yokufaka "i-Tulip"

I-240 mm ye-self-propelled unit yenzelwe ukubhubhisa izakhiwo nezinqaba ezisebenzisayo isitha njengabantu abasebenzayo, izixhobo, umyalo kanye namaphoyinti okuxhumana, izikhali, njll. Azikho izifanekiselo emhlabeni, izimboni nemifino yamanye amazwe anezici ezincane ezihlukile futhi ezihluke ngokuphelele.

Ngaphandle kwamagobolondo avamile, ukukhononda "i-Tulip" kungadonsa amakhokliya, ngokwayo uhlala kude ekuphepheni. Ngaphambi kokuba "i-Tulip" ibe yodaka lwama-240-mm lwama-240 mm, olusetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1950. Ngo-1971 babe nezici ezifanayo ekudubula nokukhwabanisa, kodwa u-M-240 ungaphansi kweselula, ungenakuguquka, udinga ngaphezulu Isikhathi sokuletha esimweni sokulungela ukulwa, ukuhloswe nokushiya isikhundla sokudubula.

Ukwakhiwa kwemoto yokulwa

"I-Tulip" - i-mortar ene-self-propelled unit unit engu-240-mm. Umklamo wokufaka uqobo. Yonke inhlangano yamapulangwe isesigodlweni, abasebenzi, izinhlamvu kanye nemishini itholakala ku-chassis. Ngakwesokunxele yi-turret yomlawuli.

Lezi zinhlamvu zihlanganisa imininingwana engu-10 esebenzayo-esebenzayo kanye namabhomu angu-20 ahlukumezeka kakhulu. Isistimu ye-hydraulic inikezwa kuzo zonke izinqubo zomdaka ezikhishwe ukudubula. Kukhokho wakhe M-240 konke kwenziwa ngesandla. Ukuqhaqhaqhaza kuyisimiso, idramu, ukulayisha kwenziwa enhlangothini ye-breech ye-trunk. Kukhona inketho yokulayishwa okuyikho ngesandla ngosizo lwe-crane.

Umgodi osezingeni eliphezulu oqhumayo u-F-864 unesisindo esingu-130.7 kg, kuwo kukhona amacala okuqhuma amahlanu, ahambisa ijubane emayini. Emaphephandabeni aseNtshonalanga, kwabikwa ukuthi i-M-240 yathuthukisa futhi yasungula izimayini ezisebenza ngokusebenzayo ngamacala enuzi.

Injini ye-diesel ye-"Tulip" B-59 ivumela ukuthuthukisa ijubane elifinyelela ku-60 km / h ku-asphalt kuze kufike ku-30 km / h ku-primer.

Ngokuhambisana nezidingo zempi zanamuhla i-"Tulip" ifakwe uhlelo lokuvikela futhi ingakwazi ukunqoba indawo enegciwane futhi isebenze kuyo. Uhlelo lokulayishwa nobukhulu bomshini aludingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile kwesimo sokudubula.

I-chassis yodaka yayisetshenziswa ku-object 305, efana kakhulu ne-chassis ye-anti-air complex complex "Krug". Amapulangwe e-Army "Tulip" amelana nezinhlamvu zika- 7-62 uhlamvu lwama- B-32 ukusuka kude wamamitha angu-300. I-2B8 yodare ngaphandle kwe-chassis ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke i-Tulip "yohlelo" ihlelwa.

Izimpawu

Injini ye-diesel B-59 inekhono lamahhashi angu-520 futhi ikuvumela ukuba uthuthukise ijubane eliphezulu kuze kube ngu-62.8 km / h. Ihlula udonga oluqondile lwama-700 mm futhi lunendawo yokugcina amandla engamakhilomitha angu-500. Futhi, umsele ongamamitha amathathu ububanzi kanye nesithiyo samanzi esinokuphakama kwe-1 m ngeke sivimbele i- "Tulip".

Ukhonza abasebenzi abanjalo abanamakhono angu-5. I-self-propelled caller "Tulip" isilinganiselwa ku-27 500 kg, ubude buba ngu-6,5 m, ububanzi buyizingamamitha amathathu nengxenye, kanti ubude buyi-3,2 m. Ngaphandle kwesibhamu esikhulu se-240 mm, kusekhona izikhali ezisizayo ezilinganiselwa ku-7.62.

Ukufakwa kungenza kuze kufike ku-1 shot ngomzuzu, futhi ku-angle yokuqondisa nokuphakama kwama-degree angu-80-82, i-declination angle ye-50 degrees mortar ingabhubhisa izinto zezitha ezifihliwe ngemuva kwezithiyo, ngenkathi zingasakwazi ukufinyelela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaphikisi bathi , lesi yisikhali esiwusizo - isitzer "Tulip". Ububanzi besibhamu esikhulu ngu-19 km.

Ukuhlola

Yonke imishini yokulwa ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuzivikela kuyinkinga yezivivinyo. Lezi zihlahla zezingqola azizange zidlule lesi sigameko. Omunye wabaklami abakhulu bakhulume icala ngecala le "Acacia".

Phakathi nesheke lokulawula, kwakukhona ukuqaliswa okungalindelekile kwe-missile kusiqalisi, lapho bekusekuqaleni. Ngenhlanhla, bekungekho inhloko yempi e-rocket. Ngenxa yentengo yokuqala, wahudula konke ukufakwa, waze wawela odongeni, wabe eseqhekekile futhi waqala ukugudluza, ngaphandle kokuzidela. Futhi, i- "Acacia" inenkinga ngokususwa kwamagesi e-powder, atholakala egumbini labadoti. Kwakudingeka ukudala umehluko wokucindezela, ukuze amagesi aphumele ngemuva kwe-projectile ngokusebenzisa isibhamu.

I-tutorial "Tulip" iboniswe kusuka ohlangothini olungcono kakhulu. Njengesihluthulelo, kwasetshenziswa izikhali zokukhonkolo, zaxoshwa iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ngenxa yamandla abo, zadiliza konke. Ngemuva kwe-volley "Tulip" evela kubo kwakukhona ukujula kwamapulangwe ngamamitha angu-10 kuphela.

Amagobolondo amasha okwenziwe

Amadobhi ayeguqulwa, athuthukisiwe futhi amakhanda amasha akhiqizwa. Kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngomunye wamanje, 1K113 "Smelchak". Ithuthukiswe ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-80. Ngokungafani nemayini evamile, inesikhathi esivunyiwe sokuvulwa kwewindi ye-optics ye-homing nokuguqula i-laser ngenjongo yokukhomba.

Akukude nomgomo, kude no-200 kuya ku-5000 m, indawo ekhonjwe umklami ifakwe. Iqokomisa isikhangiso kuphela lapho imayini isendaweni ka 400-800 m. Umphikisi akanayo ngisho nesikhathi sokuphendula, ngisho noma kukhona iqiniso lokuqanjwa kwegama.

Ukudutshulwa ngegobolondo elinjalo kushaya inhloso ngendawo engamamitha angu-2-3 ngamathuba angama-80-90%.

I-Tulip e-Afghanistan

Ngemuva kokuba kuvivinywa insimu kwakudingekile ukuhlola izikhali ezinemibandela yokulwa. I-Afghanistan yiyona nto yokuqala. "I-Tulip" ibaluleke kakhulu ngekhono layo lokushaya isitha endaweni yokuhlala futhi kwelinye igquma, ugcwalise emaphandleni ngegobolondo elilodwa bese uphonsa umonakalo ngokubhujiswa okumangalisayo. Ngokuyinhloko izinzuzo ze-"Tulip" zazibonakala ngesikhathi kunqotshwa izinqaba, izingqimba ezingu-122-mm zafakwa emdongeni wobumba, kuyilapho ama-240 mm ebhubhisa yonke into. Ngenxa yendawo yokudubula, ungafaka amamitha angu-20 ukusuka odongeni lendlu, unike i-angle esiphezulu futhi ushaye isitha, owafihla ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesakhiwo, ukuze ukwazi ukuthi yi-"Tulip". I-mortar, i-howitzer noma i-cannon nje kuphela - i-technical term ayinandaba uma igobolondo ishaya ikhanda phezulu.

Lapho usebenzisa imininingwane ethi "Smelchak", ukunemba kwanda, babethwa ngqo eminyangweni yamapanga, lapho isitha sasifihle khona.

Izikhali ziyinkulunkulu wempi

Ezingqondweni zabo, amasosha ngokuvamile azisola ukuthi ayenezikhali ezincane, ngoba akalokothi kwenzeke okuningi. Ukuqothulwa kweziqhumane ezinamandla kudinga ukuzethemba ngokwabo futhi kuqhuma isitha, ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso, emhlabathini.

Ukufaka "i-Tulip" kusasebenza. Ayikho izwe elinomhlabathi walesi simo. EYurophu nase-United States, umcibisholo awudluli 120 mm.