Ukukhipha i-countersinking yikuphi?

Inqubo yezobuchwepheshe yokushintsha ubukhulu nobubunjwa bezingxenye, njengomthetho, akwenzi ngaphandle kwalolu hlobo lokushisa, njengokucwilisa. Ehunyushwe kusuka ku-German, leli gama lisho ukuthi "hamba", "gxilisa". Ngokuqondile, lokhu kuyinkqubo lapho kuphakama khona imigodi. Ingafaniswa nokuqalwa kabusha. I-countersinking yindlela yokusebenza, lapho izimbobo zithukuthele khona, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yezindawo zabo kanye nokunemba.

Ukuthola izimbobo

Ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi yi-countersink, kubalulekile ukuba nombono wokuthi izimbobo zenziwa kanjani ngokuningiliziwe. Ake sithi, ku-workpiece, kubalulekile ukubhoboza umgodi wesilasi lesihlanu sokuchithwa ngobubanzi obuyi-12 mm.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga umshini wokwenza umshini kanye namathuluzi okusebenza amathathu: ukushayela, ukubuyisela izinto zokubala kanye ne-reamer. Ngamunye wabo waklanyelwe ukucubungulwa kwamaphasi, ngoba ukugayisa ukugaya nokugxilisa imisebenzi kukhona okufana kakhulu komunye nomunye. Okokuqala, emshinini wokusebenza, umgodi wenziwa nge-drill, kodwa ububanzi bayo bube buncane kakhulu kunezinga elidingekayo, uthi, isigamu-6 mm.

Lokhu kuzoba kubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlanganiswa ne-countersink kuya kumkhawulo odingekayo we-12 mm (ukusebenza okuphelelwe yisikhathi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-countersink inikeza ibanga lesishiyagalombili lokunemba.

Ukuze imbobo ibe yiklasi 5, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-sweep. Izohlinzeka ngezilinganiso ezidingekayo eziphezulu kanye nesabelo - ukuqedela nokuqeda umgodi. Ukubalwa nokubala okuvame ukuqhutshwa ngokulingana okulinganayo, kuphela ukulinganiselwa okulinganiselwe okuhlukile, futhi njengoba ukushona kunika isigaba esiphansi sokunemba, umholo wokuthunyelwa ukhethwe ngokunemba okuphakeme.

Ukucubungula nokulungisa izinto

Ngokuvamile le miqondo ididekile komunye nomunye ngoba ifana kakhulu namagama. Kodwa-ke, uma i-countersink yinkqubo lapho i-countersink ivula khona umgodi ekujuleni okugcwele, ukubalwa kubizwa ngokuthi ubala ingxenye engenhla yomgodi.

Lokhu kuyadingeka ekwakhiweni kwezinsiza ngaphansi kwamakhanda afihlekile ezakhiweni zokuqinisa (amabhutshi, ama-rivets, izikuluvu). I-Countersink - ithuluzi lokubala kabusha, ihluke ekucwileni ngesimo sezingxenye zokusebenza.

Izinto kanye nezinhlobo zezinto zokubala

Njenganoma iyiphi enye ithuluzi lokusika, i- countersink ihlukaniswa ngokusho kohlobo lwesakhiwo, isimo nesimo sokucubungula, kanye nalokho okushiwo khona.

Njengoba leli thuluzi linomthamo ophezulu, njengomthetho, lenziwe ngensimbi enjengejubane elikhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile kuvamise ukuthola isitshalo esakhiweni se-structural alloyed (40X) ne-carbon (St45).

I-Countersinking ishisa futhi ihlanza indawo, ngakho-ke ithuluzi ngokwayo linenani elikhulu lokusika. I-countersink ingaba umsila womsila ngamakhiwe afakiwe, umsila ohlangene, amabhlokhi okugcoba kanye nama-integral.

Uma ibhekwa kusukela ekubukeni komnotho, ke-ke, amathuluzi okhethwe ngamanani afanele aphezulu, kepha impilo yabo yesikhathi eside isebenza isikhathi eside, ngoba imiphetho ehlulekile ingashintshwa.

Ubude nobubanzi

Kusukela ukugaya, ukuthutha - izinqubo zifana nalokho, kanti ukushayela (ikakhulukazi imishini yokudonsa) kanye ne-countersink cishe isakhiwo esifanayo. Ngamanye amathuluzi anesici sokusika esenza ngqo imbobo engxenyeni.

Umehluko wukuthi i-countersink ayinayo inqamuzana yokusika, kodwa kunezinyosi ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Ingxenye yayo yokusebenza iqukethe izingxenye zokulinganisela nokusika. Ubude besibili buxhomeke ekujuleni kwenhloko. Ingxenye yokulinganisa i-longitudinal lbbons ekugcineni. Ububanzi bawo buxhomeke ebubanzi be-countersink (0.8-2.5 mm), nokuphakama - 0.2-0.9 mm.

I-countersinking iyinhlangano yokusebenza, efana nokuthutha. Uma inhloso yayo ukufaka umgodi wokuthunyelwa kamuva, ububanzi be-countersink bukhethiwe kancane, kucatshangelwa ukunikezelwa kokusebenza kokugcina kokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukunemba okudingekayo kwaleli thuluzi kuphansi kunokuba kushaye, izindinganiso eziphelele zeziphambeko zingaba zikhulu kakhulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziyimigodi ukuphetha kokugcina okudingekayo ngenxenye yokubekezelelana kuka-11, 12 ekilasini. Khona-ke ithuluzi likhethwa ngokuqhekeka nesitoko sokugqoka, futhi ububanzi bayo kufanele buhambisane nobubanzi bomgodi.

Ukuklama nokubala

Ukuze ububanzi bembobo edingekayo ukuba kube ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuklanywa kwe-countersink kwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ungathola ubukhulu obuncane nobuncane besithuluzi esidingekayo, thola ukwaziswa kwento yayo yokusika futhi wenze ukubalwa kwezinqubo zokusika.

Isibonakaliso esibalulekile esithinta amanani aphezulu nesincane yisitifiketi esidingekayo. Isibonelo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukubala okuphelele kwebhodi ngobubanzi buka 85 mm ngebanga le-H11. Ngokusekelwe ematafuleni ekubekezelelweni kwezimbobo ezilinganisweni zobukhulu kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-500 mm, ebangeni leshumi nanye (nge-diameter kusuka ku-80 mm ukuya ku-120 mm) insimu yokubekezela yilezi: inzuzo ephakeme yi- "+220" futhi engezansi "ngu-0", okungu-85 ⁺²²⁰ mm. Ububanzi obuningi bomgodi obunzima abukwazi ukudlula u-85.22 mm, kanti ubuncane - 85 mm.

Kulokhu, ukubekezelelana ngobukhulu kungukumahluko phakathi kukaD _max Futhi D _min , okungukuthi, kuyoba ngu-0.22 mm. Uma sikhuluma ngomshado, ngakho-ke emgodini, ububanzi obuphezulu ngaphezu kwe-85.22 mm, kanti olufanelekayo - olungaphansi kuka-85 mm, luzocatshangwa ukuthi alukwaziki.