Indlela yokutshala i-sunflower ezweni?

Isitshalo senkululeko yentando yeningi yezivande zasemakhaya kanye nemifino yemifino - i-sunflower, ehambisana ngokugcwele negama layo nokukopisha ukukhanya okukhanya okukhanyayo, ihlobisa imibhede yethu futhi inikeza imbewu - umkhiqizo ovusa umphefumulo kwanoma yimuphi umuntu waseRussia. Lo mmeli womndeni weCompositae, ogama lakhe libhekwa njengeNyakatho Melika, ngokumangalisa ngokomzimba kufanelana nomhlaba womuzi waseRussia. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zale miveli - amafutha (ukudla) nezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Indlela yokutshala kahle ama-sunflowers, yiziphi izicabungula ze-agrotechnical okufanele zisebenze futhi yimuphi umehluko phakathi kokudla okukhulayo nezinhlobo zokuhlobisa, ake sikhulume kulesi sihloko.

Izici nokusetshenziswa kwesiko

I-oilseeds iyatshalwa eRussia kokubili ngesilinganiso sezezimboni ekukhiqizeni amafutha, kanye nasemasimini nasezikhungweni ezincane, okuhloswe hhayi kuphela ekuvuneni imbewu, kodwa futhi nokuhlobisa isayithi nge-inflorescences ekhanyayo. Izinhlobo ze-sunflower ezihlobisa, ezitholakala eminyakeni yamuva, zihluka kakhulu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezithakazelisayo ezinemibala elula, emibili futhi emibili yemibala ehlukene kanye nezinhlobo ezimangalisayo zamagundane, ukuphakama okuhlukene nokuqhathaniswa. Ngenxa yokuhluka kwazo, basebenzise ngempumelelo abaklami engaphakathi engadini. Kodwa njengoba lesi sihloko sizinikezwe embuzweni wokuthi singatshala kanjani i-sunflower, okusho ukuthi isiko lenziwe ngamafutha, sizobe sikhuluma ngakho.

I-unobtrusive kuya kwezimo ezikhulayo, ilanga lamanzi lilamandla okulwa nesomiso futhi libekezelela izinhlobo zama-frosts aphindaphindiwe -5 ° C. Kodwa ukuthola izitshalo ukuthi zinakekele kahle isitshalo kuzodingeka.

Indlela yokutshala ama-sunflowers ezweni: khetha isayithi

I-sunflower iyisitshalo esibonisa ukukhanya, esidinga ukukhanya okukhulu kwesigaba ngasinye sitshalo. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kuyoba nomthelela omubi ekuthuthukiseni, ekuhlobiseni nasekukhiqizeni izimfanelo, ngakho-ke akufanele avumele ukuqina kwezitshalo, futhi indawo ikhethwe kahle. Njengoba i-sunflower isitshalo esine-thermophilic futhi ngokuzizwa sizwa ngisho nangaphansi kwelanga elishisayo, indawo engaphansi kwemini izoba efaneleka usuku lonke. Izitshalo ezitshalwe ngomthunzi ongekho isikhathi sonke isikhathi sokukhula. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-sunflowers ezweni, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa ekungeneni ngemimoya.

I-sunflower ifuna inhlabathi okumele ikhule kuyo. Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yi-chernozems engathathi hlangothi kanye ne-lotile egcweleyo. Ukuba isitshalo esinamandla, siphumela emhlabathini inani eliphakeme lemithamo, okuyiningi elidingekayo ngamasiko ngisho nangaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala i-sunflower, kufanele ugeze isayithi ngokugcwele.

Akudingekile ukutshala izitshalo ezindaweni lapho izitshalo ze-legumes nezitshalo ze-nightshade zanda khona. Abanduleli abakhulu kunazo zonke ama corn and okusanhlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukutshala imbewu yelanga lokutshala izinkathi eziningana emgqeni kungathandeki, kungcono ukuthatha ikhefu iminyaka emithathu, ngoba lesi sitshalo siphumelela phansi inhlabathi. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula, umhlaba uzosusa futhi ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic ayingozi ku-sunflower.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Ukwakheka kwekwindla yangaphambi kwesikhathi kuzokwandisa isivuno sezitshalo kanye nekhwalithi yezinhlamvu ze-sunflower. Ngaphansi kokumba manje, ama-fertilizer e-humicum ne- phosphorus-potassium aziswa , bese kuthi entwasahlobo ngeke kudingekile ukuba kutholakale indawo ehleliwe. Dug up inhlabathi entwasahlobo, kuhle ukuyikhulula futhi ususe wonke ukhula nezicucu zezimpande. Indlela yokutshala i-sunflower? Indlela elula futhi elula kakhulu ukutshala imbewu ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, ngokudlula isikhathi sokufakelwa kokuthuthukiswa kwesiko.

Ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala

I-oilseed ye-sunflower iyisitshalo sonyaka, sokuvuthwa kwayo ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo kanye nesifunda kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-70 kuya kwezingu-150. Indlela yokutshala ama-sunflowers kusuka kumbewu?

Izinto zembewu ngaphambi kokutshala zilahlwa futhi zifakwe. Ukubona imbewu encane, kufanele ibekwe kwisitsha samanzi ihora elilodwa. Imbewu eyomile futhi engakhiqizi iyahamba phezulu, futhi ifanele ukutshala umquba phansi. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ye-sunflower, kufanele ihlelwe emalungiselelweni akhethekile, okuhlanganiswa okukhona manje, noma ezixazululweni ezisetshenziselwa amapulazi asezikhungweni. Isibonelo, indlela yokukhethwa kwe-pickling ku-infusion yamagilekhi isetshenziswa kabanzi, okufana nalokhu: amagremu ayi-100 kagalikhi, emhlabathini e-blender, exutshwe nengcosana ye- anyanisi ikhasi futhi athululelwe ngamalitha amabili amanzi abilayo. Emva kokukhipha usuku, ingxube ihlungiwe futhi ihlwanyelwe kuwo amahora angu-10-12. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kwembewu, ngaphezu kwesicelo esiqondile, iphunga elilodwa lishaya amagundane nezinambuzane, ngokuvamile lithola imbewu emhlabathini.

Imithetho yokufika

Tshala imbewu enhlabathini efudumele, evuthayo kumhlaba we-8-12 ° C. Ezindaweni ezihlukene, izinsuku zihlukile, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala i-sunflower engadini, kubalulekile ukuqondisa hhayi ngemigomo, kodwa ngokushisa kwenhlabathi. Lapho inhlabathi ishisa, imbewu ihlwanyelwa emithonjeni elungiselelwe ngezinhlamvu ezingu-2-3, zijulise ngo-8 cm.

Kubalulekile ukugcina izikhathi phakathi kwezitshalo. Baxhomeke ezihlukahlukene ze-sunflower. Izitshalo ezinkulu kufanele zitholakale kude no-0.7-0.9 m, futhi ububanzi obuphakathi kwe-0.4-0.5 m. Ibanga elingaka phakathi kwamabhaltta liqinisekisa ukuvuthwa kwezithombo ezinkulu ezinembewu ephezulu. Olunye uhlobo oluthile kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo zezitshalo zokukhula ze-horticultural. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-sunflower engadini, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akusizi ngalutho ukuyibeka eduze kunemitha emihlanu kuya emibhedeni yemifino. Isiko esinamandla sidonsa ukudla emhlabathini, ngoba indawo eseduze nayo iyokwenza ngokucindezeleka ekuthuthukiseni imifino.

Izici zokukhiqiza isiko

Njengoba i-sunflower isitshalo saminyaka yonke, indlela yokukhiqiza kwayo iphela kuphela imbewu. Kunezimbumbulu eziningana, okudingekayo ukwandisa isivuno:

• Ngenxa yokuthi isiko li-pollinated, imbewu kufanele ithathwe ngokuhlukahluka okunye futhi ishintshwe ngonyaka;

• impova nezinye izinhlobo zigcwele ukwehla kokuvunwa kanye nekhwalithi yayo, kanye nokubunjwa kwenani elikhulu lamaqabunga angenalutho.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-sunflower

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle sembewu yekhwalithi ye-sunflower kufanele ilondolozwe ngokucophelela. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezitshalo kumele ifakwe kahle, ifakwe ukhula futhi ikhululiwe, ihlale isetshenzisiwe njalo futhi ikhululekile, futhi ivikele ukutshala ezivela ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, njengoba i-sunflower iyindlela yokuthandayo kakhulu kulabo abaningi.

Ngezikhathi ezinzima, amanzi kufanele atshalwe nsuku zonke. Kungcono ukondla amanzi ngaphansi kwempande, ngoba ukufafaza kwama-sunflowers akuthandi.

Amasiko athanda umanyolo we-potassium. Kuphawula ukuthi ukwesekwa okuvamile nge-phosphorus-potassium izithako kuthinta ikhwalithi yembewu, ubungako bayo kanye nokunambitha. Futhi izidakamizwa ezinkulu ze- nitrogen, ngokuphambene nalokho, zicindezela ukukhula kwezitshalo, ziyanciphisa kakhulu ukuvunwa futhi kwenza isivuno sisengozini ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Yenza umanyolo uma kunesidingo ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-liquid kungcono kakhulu.

I-Garter

Ngokujwayelekile isitshalo semasiko sinamandla ngokwanele ukugcina ngisho ne-achenes enkulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-garters ayidingi izitshalo. Kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, uma zitshalwe esakhiweni esiqhutshwa ngamandla ngamandla emoyeni, ubhekilanga luzodingeka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinhlamvu zembewu.

Izinambuzane kanye nokulawula kwabo

Imbewu ye-sunflower ayifuni ukudla abantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane, amagundane, izinyoni. Ngako-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala ama-sunflowers kusuka enzalweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqhube ukucubungula ngezinto ezinomunyu, okusiza ukwesabisa izinambuzane ekutshalweni. Izinyoni zingakwazi ukunamathela ndawonye amahlumela ahlumekile, futhi ngalesi sikhathi zihlela ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwezithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, eduze nomjikelezo wezokufika, izikhonkwane ezincane ziqhutshwa, zidonsa izintambo ezimhlophe phakathi kwazo, ezesabisa izinyoni. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, izitshalo zizoqina, futhi izinyoni zizolahlekelwa isithakazelo kubo kuze kube yilapho imbewu iqala ukuvuthwa. Kulesi simo, abalimi kulezi zifundo bajwayele ukushintsha izinto - kusukela ku-scarecrow classic kuya ukuqhuma emaphethweni omzimba wezindwangu, ucwecwe, ama-CD amadala, njll.

Indlela yokutshala i-sunflower yokuhlobisa

Akukho ukungafani okuningi ekutshalweni kwalezi zinhlobo ze-sunflower. Izitshalo ezihlobisayo nazo zikhetha indawo enelanga, izindawo ezivikelwe umoya ezinomhlabathi ovutha umoya.

Ukuxazulula umbuzo wokuthi ungatshala kanjani ama-sunflowers ezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa, udinga ukukhetha ezihlukahlukene ezifanele. Bande futhi imbewu. Hlwanyela i-sunflower yokuhlobisa kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukuze ube yisikhathi eside, ube yiqiniso, izimbali ezingapheli, imbewu ingahlwanyiswa ngoMeyi noJuni. Bajuliswa yi-2-3 cm, bebona ngesikhathi sokutshala kwe-0.3 kuya ku-0.6 m, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo.

Ngaphambi kokutshala i-sunflower, ekhaya ulungise ukumnika okwenziwe ngamapulangwe (30 g / 0.5 amalitha), usuku lubeka imbewu kuwo. Izinhlobo ze-sunflower ezingapheli ziyasakazwa ngempumelelo ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, esikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuphumula - entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza impendulo kumbuzo wokuthi kufanele ukutshala kahle kanjani ubhekilanga, uchaza imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela lesi siko esithakazelisayo.