Kuyini ukuthembeka? Ukuthembeka izinkomba: Ukukhonjwa kanye kwebalingisi

Impahla into ekufezeni imisebenzi ethile wasinika ke ngenkathi sigcina ukusebenza ngaphakathi kobubanzi ezithile elihambisana izindlela predetermined nemibandela yokusetshenziswa - lokhu nokwethenjelwa. nokwethenjelwa indices zingase zishintshe kakhulu, kodwa kuzo kuxhomeke kakhulu izinga ukusebenza umkhiqizo.

kumalungu we

Kukhona izingxenye ezintathu ezisemqoka zale ncazelo:

• ukudedelwa imisebenzi yayo;
• nesikhathi esidingekayo le njongo;
• izimo zokusebenza ezithile.

Uma sikhuluma ukuqaliswa imisebenzi ebekiwe, kuyafaneleka izinto ezimbili ezihlobene ukuqonda theory ne practical yokuthi kuyini nokuvikeleka. nokwethenjelwa izinkomba kusukela lo mbono, lokhu okulandelayo: isimo kanye nokusebenza kwalo mkhiqizo.

Ukutholakala ukuseviswa

Operability iyisimo ezithile into lapho kungase kwenzeke ukuba le misebenzi ngezimiso kuchazwe imibhalo lobuchwepheshe. Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi ukutholakala kanye ukuseviswa ka ngokungalungile ngokuthi yesibili yisimo lapho iyahlangabezana nezidingo zomthetho kumadokhumenti lobuchwepheshe.

Isikhathi - kungenye esibalulekile esibandakanya nokwethenjelwa. kuleli cala, i-indices nokwethenjelwa zihlanganisa lokhu mqondo ngephutha, ngoba umnyombo ngokomzimba ngokuthembeka itholakala lokuthi ukuthi wonke umkhiqizo kufanele kube impoqo isikhathi esithize ukuze silondoloze imingcele yabo lobuchwepheshe.

nezinye izingxenye

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthembeka definition sihlanganisa izimo yokusebenza. Ukuze izinhlelo lobuchwepheshe ezisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingafani, kungase kube isici izikhathi ezahlukene phambi amacala lokuqala ukwehluleka.

Udinga ukuqonda kahle ukuthi umuzwa uzalela elithi "ukuthembeka". Ukuthembeka izinkomba zihlanganisa izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu Hambayo ububanzi ngaphandle ukuzimisela ethile futhi quantification izakhiwo ezithile. Nokho, uhlelo lokusungula izikhungo ukuthembeka into ethile noma izinhlelo ezivamile lobuchwepheshe kunesidingo ekuvezweni imiqondo kanye nezici ayingxenye kuba inkomba eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, imishini ezikhethekile ukuze izitshalo amandla ahlukahlukene kuhlanganise imiqondo ezifana elandelayo:

• ukuqina;
• maintainability;
• nokwethembeka.

Futhi nawo ancike futhi ezintweni eziningi nemingcele.

izinkomba yesibili

Uma sikhuluma ngalokho inquma imingcele eziyisisekelo nokwethenjelwa, zikhona izici ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ziyakwazi:

• Ikhwalithi. izinga amamethrikhi (nokwethenjelwa) zihlanganisa iqoqo izakhiwo enquma degree sokufaneleka sedivayisi lobuchwepheshe inhloso yazo.

Ikhwalithi ngqo walandisa ngendlela asetshenziswe eyodwa noma omunye umkhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ekhethekile umusi ophephela iyunithi, esasiklanyelwe ekuqaleni sidedele isizinda, izosetshenziswa ngendlela ikhuluma mode ekhethekile, operation efanayo uyogcina uqale esilimaza esimweni salo futhi, ngokufanelekile, izinga layo kanye ewohloza Imiphumela ukuthi sinquma nokwethenjelwa izinkomba.

• Vitality. Ingabe ikhono amadivayisi ethile yezobuchwepheshe ukuvimbela noma yimuphi nokwephula, futhi wakulahla nokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezingozi kanye ngokomzimba imishini ukwehluleka.

• Security. Ukunqunywa izakhiwo amadivaysi technical ohlinzekela engenakwenzeka nesenzakalo kwanoma iyiphi izimo eziyingozi abantu futhi indawo yabo. Ngakho, inqubo yenziwa njengoba ukubala nokwethenjelwa izinkomba alotshwe futhi lezi zici.

Phakathi imibuzo yokubukeza ukuthembeka izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu umqondo ezifana ukuzinza ngokuqondene ukwehluleka izakhi ngabanye. nombono wokuthi "ukulondolozwa" ingaphinda isetshenziswe ezimweni ngazinye.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ukulondolozwa is a impahla noma yiphi impahla ukuhlala zisesimweni esihle ngesikhathi isitoreji. Njengezinye izinhlelo nokwethenjelwa, inikeza imikhiqizo ukulondoloza izici eziyisisekelo lobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo echaziwe. Uma usho ukuthi isitoreji iyingxenye ye-operation, ukuphepha - kungcono nokwethenjelwa ezimweni USB.

Singasho ukuthi lokhu kukhetha kubenzima, futhi kunzima ngempela ukuhlola isici esithile, njengoba nenqubo ukuphepha ebe- inoma uluphi izinkomba umkhiqizo nokwethenjelwa.

Isici esiyinhloko lo mqondo ukuthi ubuswa ukwehluleka njalo ngenxa wehlise isethi efakwe izici ukuthi zenzeka ngenxa yokuguga. Ukuvikelwa ngumqondo kunalokho ezibalulekile lobuchwepheshe, futhi lihambisana nokwethenjelwa ukucacisa ukuthembeka imishini ethile ezifundeni ezehlukene. Lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile ngenxa yokuthi eziningi imishini kukhona abanye ezikhathini ezithile wesitoreji, okuyizinto esilingana noma ngisho idlule isethi isikhathi sokusebenza. Incazelo izinkomba ukuthembeka izinhlelo lobuchwepheshe kuhlanganisa nenombolo namanje esikhulu kakhulu kwezinye izici ezihlukile ngokwemvelo.

Ngokwesibonelo

Njengoba isibonelo, cabanga ukuthembeka umusi ophephela iyunithi, okubandakanya:

• izinga izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa senqubo yokukhiqiza;
• ukuphelela isakhiwo yakhelwe;
• yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe esetshenziswa;
• osetshenziswayo ubuchwepheshe yezokuthutha ukufakwa imishini;
• ikhwalithi fuel esetshenziswa;
• imibandela ukwenziwa nokugcinwa kwezinto zisesimweni amadivaysi.

Futhi yilokho nje uhlu olufushane ebandakanya imingcele nobuntu nokwethenjelwa. Ukudalwa kanye nokusetshenziswa, izinhlelo ezintsha ngokuya eziyinkimbinkimbi kuhilela isidingo ukunakekelwa njalo idigri ngokuya eliphezulu ngokuthembeka. Yingakho athuthukile ezikhethekile "inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ukuthembeka", okuyinto abasanda kuqala ukuze ujabulele ukusabalala sasivumela ububanzi.

ithiyori

Namuhla enikeziwe apharathasi zezibalo inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela nokwethenjelwa, elivame ukusetshenziswa umkhuba ekuxazululeni inombolo ngokumangalisayo imisebenzi ehlukene ukuthi avele inqubo ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusebenza imishini ehlukahlukene. Ngakho, nemiqondo eyisisekelo ukuthi ichaze kwemigomo nokwethenjelwa (ukuqina) ka imishini zihlanganisa:

• uhlelo;
• uphikisana;
• isici.

Le mfundiso eyasungulwa ethi imiqondo lezi okuhambisana ngokugcwele umqondo oyisisekelo yefilosofi wonke kanye isici. izinto lobuchwepheshe abahlukahlukene, zazo kuxoxwa ngazo imfundiso yokuziphendukela nokwethenjelwa ethulwa ngesimo amasistimu ezihlukahlukene nokusebenza oxhumene futhi iqoqo uxhumana izakhi. Lolu hlelo yakhelwe ukwenza edingekayo Uhlelo ubuqotho. Njengoba izakhi ngabanye kohlelo kubhekwe, okuyinto angafeza ukusebenza izimele imisebenzi ethile.

Kukhethwa uhlelo, kanye ezihlukahlukene zayo abamelwe kuyinto ngempela ngaphandle kokubonisana nomkayo. Uma enwetshiwe inkinga isitatimende isetshenziswa ke yiluphi uhlelo uyogcina babe yingxenye uhlelo abakhulu, futhi zonke izinto zihlukaniswe izingxenye, yona, ibe izakhi zalo. Ngakho, esigabeni sika-imishini ehlukahlukene izinto ohlelweni kuncike ngqo ezingeni phezulu lapho imisebenzi isixazululekile.

GOST umqondo wesistimu elementi is kuhlangene zibe munye elithi - "into".

Kuyini lokhu?

Into okuthiwa umshini othile uhlelo, noma ezinye izakhi zawo, okuyinto samukelwa ukufunda ezinye izakhiwo ezithile kuba zonke izinhlobo ukuxhumana ngokubhanqwa kwezinye izingxenye.

Ngesikhathi kokuhlinzwa, njengoba uhlelo sisonke izakhi zayo ngazinye singenzeka Ezimweni ezinjalo lapho kukhona ukulahleka okuphelele noma okuyingxenye izakhiwo zabo zisebenza kahle. Ukuphelelwa uthando okunjalo esebenza ku-mbono yokuziphendukela ukuthembeka ngokuthi ukuphika, futhi ingenye imiqondo eyisisekelo.

Ukwenqaba kanye nezici zayo

Ukuphika noma yisiphi isehlakalo esibandakanya ukuhlukumeza noma ukumisa okuphelele ukusebenza into. Ngakho-ke sithi:

• okungazelelwe kancane kancane;
• engaphansi noma ezimele;
• esinqunyiwe noma lokugcina.

Uma zokuchithwa into ethile akubandakanyi zokuchithwa nezinye izingxenye, ibizwa ngokuthi ezimele, kuyilapho ukwehluleka zedivayisi ngenxa yokwehluleka nezinye izakhi libizwa nasekuthengeni.

ukuhluleka kungazelelwe, ngokusekelwe egameni, kukhona ngokuphelele kungalindelekile ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo ngokubukeka kwabo, kuyilapho kancane kancane ukunikeza bafake noma ukuguga indaba, ephuza kakhulu imithwalo ngokweqile, okuholela ekuncipheni kancane ukusebenza ngesikhathi ukulondolozwa ngokugcwele noma kancane ukusebenza kahle imishini esetshenziswa .

ukwehluleka Final noma ephelele - kuwuhlobo ukwehluleka imishini lapho uhlelo ulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo noma ongakhetha unqobe imikhawulo isikhathi ezifana imbangela yokwehluleka isilungisiwe. Kwengxenye phambili efanayo kuphela ukwenza kusebenze i-alamu, kanye nesidingo ukunciphisa nemingcele yokusebenza ezingeni elithile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyafaneleka yokuthi ukunakekela okukhethekile ikhokhelwa yokuhluleka noma inhlanganisela yabo, okuyinto banesibopho izinguquko isimo umkhawulo lapho ukusetshenziswa kwalo okwalandela inhloso yazo okungalungile noma engamukeleki.

Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi ukuthembeka imishini enqubeni ukukhiqizwa?

Ukuze akhulule enokwethenjelwa futhi ihlala isikhathi eside nokusebenza imikhiqizo ehlukene, udinga ukuhambisana kahle ukwakhiwa ukufakwa ubuchwepheshe yiluphi uhlelo. Ukuhlaziya idatha izibalo ebonisa ukuthi imbangela yokulimala ekwakhiweni olufanele zobuchwepheshe, ngakho abakhiqizi yesimanje ozama ukuyisebenzisa ezihlukahlukene nemicimbi ekhethekile ukuthi uvumele esigabeni ukwakhiwa kanye ukufakwa ukunciphisa izingozi izinkinga izinhlelo ezahlukene iningi labantu amacala esitobhini eziphuthumayo we imishini ephambili.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinkomba main ngokuthembeka uzama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi, umsebenzi wabo kumele kwenziwe ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• Ukwandisa degree of prefabrication ngokukhipha ukusebenza onokwethenjelwa imishini. Ngokwesibonelo, piping, izinjini ezisebenza boilers futhi asebenzise imishini ethize ngoba amanzi kungenziwa enikeziwe amamojuli preassembled, iningi labantu inhlangano-Welding budluliselwe kusuka original ukufakwa indawo kwisitezi kwemboni, njengoba ezimweni ezinjalo kulula kakhulu ukufeza izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi yesimanje ikhwalithi ubuchwepheshe for esigabeni ngasinye zokukhiqiza, ngaphansi kokulawulwa uvo ushintsho ehlukahlukene sokuqala izinto ukunikeza ukulawula izinqubo kokuqeda, ukuhlolwa yemvelo noma ebhentshini. Okusetshenziswayo control okokufaka iye ngokuphindaphindiwe kuqinisekiswa izibalo ukukhubazeka ukuthi zatholwa Yiqiniso control ezikhethekile imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.
• Ukusetshenziswa eziphambili ubuchwepheshe imishini sokukhiqiza ukuphathwa uhlelo ukukhulisa ngokuningiliziwe ukucubungula izakhi futhi akhiqize umkhiqizo ngokunemba esiphezulu.
• Nokukhanda ezishintshayo izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ethuthukile.

Prakthiza ngokuphindiwe sifakazelwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa imishini yesimanje enqubeni ukukhiqizwa, kanye nekuhambisana izindlela ezimisiwe msebenzi ungenziwa zinquma ukuthembeka umkhiqizo wokugcina. Kulokhu, udinga ukuqonda kahle timphawu ukukhiqizwa imishini ethile noma yimuphi umkhiqizo, kanye main engcupheni ukusebenzisa zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze kuqedwe noma ukunciphisa kubo. Nale ukulinganisa nokwethenjelwa indices uyohlale okusezingeni eliphezulu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi ikakhulukazi emkhakheni umsebenzi wenziwa.