Injani yengeniso kazwelonke?

Ukuze sithole nokusimama kwezomnotho we Uhulumeni waleli usebenzisa umqondo ezahlukene. Bonke ukusiza ukunquma izinguquko kanye nokukhula komnotho, kanye ukuphakamisa ongakhetha saleso senzakalo esizayo. Kuba uhlobo isici yezwe enkundleni ngamazwe, basiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano namanye amazwe.

Ngakho, yini ehilelekile 'ingeniso kazwelonke ezinkulu "? Lona lutho ngaphezu isamba iholo Imininingwane okuyinto wathola izakhamuzi ezweni elithile isikhathi esithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu ukubala sisebenza kokubili izakhamizi ngaphakathi ezweni kanye labo phesheya, kodwa isakhamuzi. Kulo mBhalo ke akubhekwa kuphela ingxenye imali aya kwamanye amazwe.

Kungani isidingo izibalo ezifana?

izimali isimo ungaxhomeki kuphela ngevolumu ukukhiqizwa kuleli zwe, kusukela imikhiqizo kanye namasevisi ahlinzekwa, njll Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele isamba izimali ezitholwe izakhamizi yezwe. Futhi kulesi simo kubalulekile acabangele inani imali abayithole ngokuthengisa phesheya, kanye kuleyo ngxenye izimali, nakho wayiswa nezinye izifundazwe.

Gross ingeniso kazwelonke incike GDP (umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene). Kodwa kunomehluko phakathi kwazo. Basuke uzwakalise ikakhulukazi yokuthi umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene (GDP) Ukucabanga ngokuyinhloko kuphela umthamo zokukhiqiza, ukukhula kwawo, futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene amasevisi ezikhiqizwayo noma eyenziwe izakhamizi (abahlali) yezwe.

Ngenkathi okwedlulele ingeniso kazwelonke ukucacisa ingqikithi abantu imali kuleli zwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, yonke isimo sisonke. Lena jikelele cash flow, okuyizinto izakhamizi yezwe. Gross ingeniso kazwelonke (GNI) ibalwa kanje: kuya umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene (GDP) sengezwe umehluko phakathi engenile abavela kwamanye amazwe kanye esakhokhwa kwamanye amazwe.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-GDP futhi GNI?

  Lesi simo akuvami kucaca ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi le miqondo emibili, futhi okubaluleke abaqondi ukuthi kungani kwahlukaniswa, ngoba zifana kakhulu nomunye.

Nokho, lo mehluko, kweSamba soMkhiqizo - yilokho ichaza yezimpahla nezinkonzo ngaphakathi ezweni, okungukuthi, lubonakaliswa inani zonke lezi izimpahla namasevisi. Nakuba yengeniso ikhombisa Inani lemali eziye wathola izakhamuzi zaleli zwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bangasebenza hhayi kuphela ezweni lakubo. Ngakho, imali wamazwe kuhlanganisa imali zabantu ukuba iqhaza GDP kwamanye amazwe.

Ngo umkhuba lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkampani eziningi anganikeza amasevisi abo phesheya. Kukhona futhi ezinye ukukhiqizwa babengase isungulwe. Inzuzo lizokwabiwa phakathi kwamazwe, kodwa ezinye ingxenye uzoya ezweni, elingelakwaJuda inkampani, njll

By the way, ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi GNI lengenako okwedlulele umkhiqizo kazwelonke (GNP). Yinto efanayo, kuze 1993 ngokuthi umkhiqizo GNI futhi ibalwa ngendlela efanayo. Izinguquko eziye zenziwa ekuhlelweni maqondana yokuthi omkhiqizo ibonisa kuphela ukusebenza ukukhiqizwa, kuyilapho yengeniso kazwelonke ibonisa engenayo Imininingwane kazwelonke wabo bonke imikhakha yezomnotho.

Mayelana emazweni ahlukahlukene GNI emhlabeni futhi GDP kungenziwa ezihlobene ngezindlela ezahlukene. Njengomthetho, emazweni athuthukile ingeniso kazwelonke mkhulu okwedlulele umkhiqizo wezwe, ngoba kungenzeka ukunikeza izimali emazweni asathuthuka, bese uthola isithakazelo ngoba ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza futhi ayingxenye ukukhiqizwa.

ERussia, GDP kusese ngaphasi kwamaphesende IRR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma wena khipha kusuka GNI ukusetshenziswa bofeleba netinhlavu ukwehla izindleko bengathola net ingeniso kazwelonke (NNI), okuyinto lisetshenziswa nasekuthandeni izinto incazelo umnotho.