Chirkei HPP (Dagestan)

Ukuganukeja futhi ukuziqhenya Dagestan - Chirkey HPP - ubhekwa jewel in the iziteshi wendlale Hydropower phezu River Sulak. Akhiwe canyon esifanayo, idwala esekisini kanye nokujula of engesiyo eliphansi kuya edumile emhlabeni iGrand Canyon e-America, kulesi siteshi kuyinto ingqalasizinda amandla hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi into zezivakashi ngokuvakashela. Isigaba sokuqala kakhulu Sulak HPP of Dagestan, kulesi siteshi kuyinto into eyingqayizivele Symbiosis of ubunjiniyela womuntu kanye namathafa zemvelo amahle.

ubuchwepheshe kanye ubunjalo Union

Inwebisa ensungubezini ewumngcingo Sulak, nge ububanzi 30 amamitha ngaphezu komfula, Awe-Reining Chirkeyskaya lwaleli edamini HPP. Ubude esiteshini ayi-400 edamini ukuphakama - 232,5 amamitha. Dagestan nokuziqhenya Chirkey GES ithatha isikhundla 11 kule simo edamini 25 amahle kakhulu futhi eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ingcindezi edamini izakhiwo akhiwa kusuka samanzi mass ivolumu 3 cubic amakhilomitha kanye kwamanzi endaweni 42,5 amakhilomitha square. Ukwakheka elisezansi kwesigubhu enamathiselwe amanzi awo unimaginably amahle aluhlaza azure, ukushaya bonke izivakashi.

nokuziqhenya onjiniyela

ukuthuthukiswa Project futhi umthamo zocwaningo River Sulak kuyinto igatsha Glavgidrostroya eMoscow wase-USSR. Wabuye ngo-1933, uhlaka lokuqala loHlelo ukhonkolo lwaleli-amandla adonsela phansi edamini, kwahlongozwa. Nokho, kuphela ngo-1962, lapho bathatha kulesakhiwo "Lengidroproekt", unezela embhedeni eliyingqayizivele ngesikhathi tube okusalungiswa futhi indawo amayunithi izinqwaba ezimbili, iphrojekthi imzuzele ezingeni imodeli emisha. Kulokhu, idamu Umhubhe obuphelele singezelelwe pheze ngesiquntu futhi zaba 730 amamitha. Namuhla esiteshini, esemgwaqweni endaweni ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba engazinzile, ifakwe izinzwa yesimanje umsebenzi sokubhalisa singakapheli ungqimba lomhlaba. Futhi International Control Commission endaweni zokuhlola enuzi kanye izikhali amasu (endlunkulu e-Austria) ngo-2013 wanikela aphakeme isilinganiso esiteshini iphrojekthi njengendlela seysmologobezopasnomu.

I eziphakeme eRussia

Njengoba sekushiwo, idamu lwaleli HPP Chirkeyskaya phezulu 25 ukuma kakhulu endaweni nanye emhlabeni. Futhi kuba eziphakeme eRussia. Arched edamini esiteshini ifakwe ezine osabalalayo Axial amayunithi zenzelwe yokucindezela mass amanzi e 170 amamitha.

Inani namandla

Chirkey HPP, eyashayisa ubukhulu isithombe nobuhle, omunye iziteshi kwegatsha Dagestan JSC "RusHydro". Isiteshi iyona enamandla kunazo eNorth Caucasus, umthamo wayo efakwe 10,000 MW, futhi inkathi umsebenzi walo, it isungule angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-88 kWh kukagesi. Eyayibaluleke ku kubangela HPPs encane e Dagestan, it is a control umthwalo yonkana eningizimu kwamandla Russia igridi e esiteji ezimatasa. esiteshini Chirkey - uhlobo "usizo lokuqala" e ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye ukwehluleka okungenzeka ezishisayo izitshalo amandla. Kuyinto ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalolu ukulahlekelwa amandla yayo amandla lonke lelo zwe.

umthethonqubo amanzi umsebenzi

Esikhathini ezansi HPS Chirkei akunqunyelwe amanzi osenyameni izindlela. Ngokulungisa ukugeleza kwamanzi emfuleni Sulak, kuthinta ukusebenza iziteshi eziyisisekelo futhi wenza isici amanzi ezindaweni elikhulu edude esiteshini. Kwesigubhu ezakhiwe edamini, liwumthombo owusizo amanzi ahlanzekile ukuze izidingo zomphakathi, kanye nokuba angasetshenziswa ezimbonini. Ohlukile idamu hhayi kuphela waqaphela njengoba izwe amandla umkhakha, kodwa kwemvelo.

Sakha emhlabeni

Iminyaka 17 (1963-1980) ijubane elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, ngosizo bezikhali zokusebenza ukusuka kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union emzimbeni edamini Chirkeyskaya HPP sabekwa ezingaphezu kuka-1.5 million cubic metres ngokhonkolo. emfuleni eyeqayo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela ezintsha yokuqhuma eduze nentaba nge bushelelezi idwala chip. ukushaja kule ingqikithi 37 amathani alufakwa. Ukungazinzi Seismological nokuzamazama komhlaba ngo-1970, ngesikhathi kuqala ukwakhiwa wayeka isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi ilethe nobunzima. Kodwa ngo-1981, esiteshini enikeziwe ugesi lokuqala at zigcwele.

Gidrostroevskie lwamakhosi

Village satellite Oaks Station yadalwa 1960 abakhi kuzo zonke republic ezwe elaliyi-Soviet Union yakhelwe labantu abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-10. Agcinwayo ingqalasizinda yayo futhi namuhla - preschools ezintathu, esikoleni esisodwa, zokubukela amabhayisikobho ezimbili kanye Palace of Culture, isakhiwo esibhedlela futhi ichibi zasendlini. Lwathi luphela ukwakhiwa isebenza emifula athuma khona imboni legatsha ukwenziwa izinto zikagesi njengoba kwenza nengubo izimboni. Ngo esiteshini dolobhana abakhi bukhoma lwamakhosi - abazali eyakhelwe, izingane ukuqedela isakhiwo nabazukulu ukusebenza amandla kagesi. Leli dolobhana yesimanje oki - kuyinto iyunithi nezokuphatha Kazbek wesifunda. Ukuphatha kwesekela kutfutfuka kwekufundza imiphakathi kwamasiko multi-kazwelonke, emidlalweni kukhulisa futhi nokobana izindlela zikahulumeni wendawo. Isibonelo salokhu yokudoba yimpumelelo, zona ngokwazo osungugqamezweni kwendawo.

Trout, Sturgeon kanye nezinye izinhlobo izinhlanzi

Akukho ukuvakasha ku Chirkeyskaya HPP kuqedile ngaphandle Ukuvakashela epulazini trout, ihlelwe njengoba inkampani. solution innovative yahulumende wasekhaya inhlangano yepulazi trout enikeziwe hhayi kuphela imisebenzi izakhamuzi zendawo, kodwa futhi sihlinzeke izinhlelo semvelo. Herbivorous trout zamulivanie evimbela amanzi izindawo. Leli pulazi elingu-ukhiqiza fingerlings raisings echibini embula ezitsheni ezikhethekile. Industrial izinhlanzi ukulima kunzima futhi kuthatha isikhathi, kodwa kulokhu isibonelo ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo nokufanele netinsita letikhona. Golden trout - izinhlanzi ezingezwakali futhi namawashi ahlekisayo, okuyiwona zonke izimo zidalwe lapha. Futhi lokhu ngamanzi agobhozayo, izinga lokushisa elikhulu, futhi feed ekhethekile, okuyinto ukuthenga eMoscow uqobo. amadamu Five ipulazi ezifuywa futhi namanje nezinye izinhlobo izinhlanzi kwezohwebo esibalulekile (Sturgeon laseSiberia hybrids Bester rainbow trout). Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami kokuqala zezinhlanzi ukulima enyakatho Dagestan uye waphumelela njalo ethembisa. Ngokuqinisekile amacebo dubkintsev ukunwetshwa ukukhiqizwa futhi ukwandisa ukukhanga izivakashi esifundeni.

ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha

Njenganoma yimuphi luhlobo amandla Chirkey GES - into eyisibonelo ingozi lenyuka nokuvikelwa ukugqanyiswa. Ukuvakashela kungenzeka kuphela elihlelekile. Kodwa ngisho uma izivakashi on a "yizwe lezintaba" olulodwa, kumele uye esiteshini futhi ujabulele ubuhle idwala isekisi Sulak canyon futhi zicatshangwe thunzi entabeni oyinyoka. Lesi sakhiwo esihle kakhulu phakathi multi-ton rocks ngempela ushaye amandla ukucabanga futhi isenzo, futhi cabanga indima isintu ukuphila kule planethi kanye nomthelela imisebenzi yethu ingcebo yayo.