Dewar igabha kusukela ngekhulu XIX esikhathini samanje

Dzheyms Dyuar (1842-1923) kwaba se-physics Scottish wemithi owayehlala eLondon. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, wayesephelelwe imiklomelo eminingi futhi izindondo ukwenza Kusaphazwa okutholakele, eziningi zazo eziye wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni sciences ngqo. Phakathi izimpumelelo zakhe kwi-physics kubhekwa umnikelo esiphawulekayo ekutadisheni izinga lokushisa ukulondolozwa nedivaysi edala, okuthiwa "Dewar". Le yunithi yakhelwe ukugcina izinto ezahlukene at okushisa ephakeme noma encishisiwe.

Umlando sokudalwa

Lo mkhumbi Dewar kuyinto inguqulo ethuthukisiwe idivayisi, olwasungulwa usosayensi German Veynholdom. Kulokhu, it has umehluko omkhulu. Veynholda okusungulile ine uhlobo ibhokisi ingilazi enezindonga double kanye Dewar isakhiwo kakhulu ukushintshwa. Ngu Isifaniso nge gumbi, kwaba futhi kudivayisi double-ngodonga, a cleaner sidalwe phakathi kwezindonga zedivayisi, ayengamakhulu esiliva-kuhlinzwa, futhi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka ketshezi, idivayisi yayizovela emphinjeni.

isicelo

Kuze kube yimanje, ukukhiqizwa Dewars safinyelela ngezinga ezimbonini, ngoba isetshenziswa kabanzi hhayi kuphela kulezo zimboni, kodwa futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi thermos futhi Dewar. Ngokuphathelene umkhakha, kukhona wayevame ukusebenzisa igama elithi izitsha Dewar for liquid nitrogen nezinye kriozhidkostey. Futhi, le divayisi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa wezilwane kanye womuntu yokugcina izinto ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo.

Ngenxa izinhlobo ezahlukene isitsha unemigomo ezahlukene, bese bewasebenzisa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa kuzo zonke izimo ngaphambi kokufaka okuqukethwe esitsheni, kufanele awulethe lokushisa elifanele, isb. E. Heat noma cool. Amazinga into elisezweni kudivayisi inakekelwa izici ngenxa amabili: zihlale zifudumele futhi okwenzeka ngayo icubungula.

thermos

Ifomu edume kakhulu futhi ezidumile Dewar kuyinto thermos. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-XX leminyaka, Reinhold Burger ingasebenza modified idivayisi ukwenza kube efanelekayo ukuze isetshenziswe ekhaya. I ebhodleleni wafakwa bezinhlamvu metal, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo walenza ephephile futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside, futhi ipulaki, okuyinto efakwe Dewar igabha ngesivalo salandelwa futhi ikhava.

Ekuqaleni, umsunguli babenethemba lokuthi leli thuluzi iyindawo esetshenziselwa ukugcina ukudla, kodwa ngenxa a thermos usuthandwa ngokunembile ngenxa kulokho ayengakwenza isikhathi eside ukugcina lokushisa yalesi siphuzo. Ntambama thermos lokuzalwa angabhekwa 30 Septhemba 1903, ngoba ngalolo suku Burger wathola igunya lokwenza wakhe wokusungula futhi yaqala ukunyathelisa.

Nakuba indaba akugcini lapho. Dewar, owaye- wayefunde ukuthi inguqulo ethuthukisiwe idivayisi yayo wathola impumelelo commercial futhi wasiza uthole Burger ehloniphekile, bafaka icala. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi idivayisi yakhe ayizange enelungelo lobunikazi, inkantolo akazange ukwanelisa izidingo zalo.

Dewar isitsha yasungulwa ososayensi Scottish bathole bebaningi cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe, nokuba singalahlekelwa sikuthole kuze kube namuhla. It is kabanzi kokubili umkhakha futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, okwenza kube omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu ezisunguliwe kwekhulu XIX.