High-speed izitimela. Ijubane ngesivinini isitimela

I ujantshi kade amakhulu eminyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi lapho isitimela sidlula indlela omkhulu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusukela izinqola zokudla omkhulu, kuyiswa ngesandla ukwelula up imishini superhighways abasebenza isimiso levitation kazibuthe. Namuhla sesitimela Express kukhona cishe kuwo wonke amazwe. Ake sibone, ukuthi yini isitimela esheshayo eRussia futhi emhlabeni wonke. Nansi isilinganiso eveza ongafinyelela ngesivinini amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-300 ngehora!

Belgium

Endaweni nanye - Belgian TGV uxhumano uchungechunge (zemininingwane e Grande Vitesse). Lezi izitimela ezakhiwa ekuqaleni kuka-1987 futhi kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe kusukela Amsterdam eParis, wedlula Cologne futhi Brussels. izitimela Express sezifakiwe ukusebenza ngo-1997.

Modern HSL 1 ugijima on line high-speed, okuyinto uxhuma inhloko-dolobha yeBelgium, ujantshi French. Indlela kusukela Paris Brussels (300 km) isitimela ugijima amaminithi 82 nje. Yakhe ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha eduze amakhilomitha ngehora 300. Phela, le ndlela akuyona zokuthutha ezishibhile. ithikithi isitimela sejubane elisheshayo kubiza 88 euro (izikhathi ezimbili ezishibhile air travel). Nokho, izenzo okhangayo Isaphulelo uhlelo.

Taiwan

Eziyishumi izitimela esheshayo zomhlaba kuvula Taiwan esitimela THSR 700T. Long, ashukumisayo futhi okukhethekile. 'Shinkansen' prototypes nezibonelo ukudala kwaba isitimela Japanese. Isivinini lokusebenza Taiwan Express angu-300 ukusuka ngehora. Nokho, ngo-2005, isifinyelele uphawu 315 amakhilomitha. Yikuphi avunyelwe THSR 700T ukungena phakathi kwabayishumi abaphasa ngamalengiso esheshayo.

Esitimela siphela usuke eNyakatho Melika uye eNingizimu Taipei, Kaohsiung. Nambili izimoto ukhululekile uhambo ngamunye angase eliya phezulu ukuze abagibeli 989. Isitimela abadumile hhayi kuphela ijubane layo kodwa ukuphepha kanye nokunemba.

Germany

indawo lesishiyagalolunye simo kuthiwa elalihlala German ngesivinini siqeqesha kwamadolobha Express (ICE). Ijubane onjalo ujantshi imodeli Strasbourg Paris ifinyelela amakhilomitha 320 ngehora. Namuhla ICE express - lawa main isitimela German amabanga amade. Futhi ukuza alandelayo -European Union, futhi Russia (isibonelo, ngesivinini ukuqeqesha eMoscow - Petersburg).

EJalimane, saqala ukuthuthukisa imodeli ngesivinini ngo-1985, lapho Izwe lahlukaniswa laba izingxenye ezimbili. Futhi phezu komzila isitimela sokuqala esasitholakala ngagoduka rose ngo-1991, ngemva kokuhlangana. Mbumbulu ICE-V ithuthukiswe imodi test, isivinini 407 amakhilomitha ngehora. Nokho, ukusebenza, wayengabhekiseli ikhishwe.

Ngo-1984 inkampani waqala ukuthuthukiswa test Transrapid ka kujantshi ophakathi imizi Laten futhi Derpy abasebenza isimiso "maglev isuka". Kuleli isitimela legatsha ziyoyizwa isivinini kuze kufinyelele 420 km. Kodwa ngenxa inhlekelele enzeke ku ezabulala abantu abangu-23 umugqa ngo-September 2006, kwethulwa "maglev" lihlehliselwe isikhathi esingaziwa. Namuhla, le ujantshi amakhanda hamba kuphela njengoba ukubona indawo izinkambo kanye ezikhangayo.

England

On endaweni yesishiyagalombili simo - UK ngesivinini izitimela. abameleli eziphezulu - saseBrithani Rail Class 373 kanye Eurostar. isivinini sabo zokhahlamba kusuka amakhilomitha angu-300 ukuze 335. Lezi uchungechunge kagesi TGV (imodeli French) bafakwa ukusebenza ngo-1994 futhi ugijime phakathi kwamazwe amathathu: UK, France and Belgium. Indlela yabo ngokusebenzisa odumile ujantshi emhubheni ongaphansi kwe-English Channel. Phela, lo mhubhe - yesibili ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Uma uya emuva izinga ke udinga ukusho mayelana irekhodi esabekwa Eurostar esitimela ngo-2003 - 334,7 amakhilomitha ngehora. Zonke indlela kusuka Paris London kule isitimela kuthatha imizuzu 136.

London ukuqeqesha capacious kakhulu emhlabeni. Abakwazi bakhuphukele abagibeli 900. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgibeli ngesivinini isitimela Eurostar kubhekwa omunye amakhanda omude kunayo yonke - isifinyelele 394 metres ubude futhi has izimoto 20 isitimela.

South Korea

indawo Seventh simo isitimela Korean KTX Sancheon. Isivinini salo - kusuka amakhilomitha 305 kuya 352. Lokomotiv waqala uhambo lwakhe lokuqala ngo-2009. Umthuthukisi - ezweni inkampani abadumile Hyundai Rotem, okuyinto isisekelo ukudalwa esitimela wathatha TGV ubuchwepheshe French.

Electric ungumnikazi ujantshi kazwelonke-South Korea. Futhi naphezu irekhodi isethwe ku 2004 (352 km / h), isivinini express cishe ayeqi uphawu 305 amakhilomitha. Konke lokhu kungenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, yebo. KTX Sancheon - capacious (abagibeli kuze kufinyelele 363), imodeli ukhululekile futhi yesimanje eyehlayo phezu Seoul - ePusan futhi Yongsan - Mokpo (e Kwangju).

Italy

Endaweni lesithupha - eshiwo ngokucacile Italian ETR-500. Igama lakhe eliphelele - Elettro Treno rapido 500. isitimela wadedelwa eRoma ngo-1993. Isilinganiso yokusebenza isivinini Express 300km / h. Kodwa umlando lakhe lesitimela 362 ikhilomitha ilethwa 2009, ngenkathi ushayela entunjeni exhumanisa Bologna ukuba Florence.

Ngesikhathi lapho ETR-500 Onqobayo umzila wakho (Bologna - Milano), kuyinto esingaphansi kwehora. Phela, kulonyaka kuhlelelwe ukukhululwa e-Italy isizukulwane esisha eziyisithupha nje izitimela ETR-100. Lezi imishini uzokwazi pick up ngesivinini phakathi 350 kuya kwangu-400 km / h.

Spain

Izikhundla eziyisihlanu kweziyi-esheshayo evulekile abaseSpain ngesivinini izitimela oluqanjwe inkampani ukuhweba Alta Velocidad Española, noma Ave esifushanisiwe. Lokhu isifinyezo akuyona ngephutha. Ngo-Spanish, "lo ave" kusho "inyoni." Imodeli edume kakhulu inkampani - kuyinto okunethezeka isitimela express Ave Talgo-350. It izimpukane ngempela like inyoni, ukufinyelela ijubane lamakhilomitha 330 km / h.

Ave Talgo-350 - isitimela ngesivinini futhi ukhululekile kubantu abangu-318. Ugijimela phakathi Madrid, Valladolid kanye Barcelona. Ngo-2004, ngesikhathi bebhekana novivinyo nezinhlupheko, esitimela bakwazi overclock kuze kube ngesivinini esiphezulu - 365 km / h. By the way, ubizwa ngokuthi "duck". Lokhu isitimela wethiwa ngenxa ubude bayo ngaphambi, sifana ngokusobala kakhulu umlomo wenyoni a wedada.

China

Futhi izindawo wesine, futhi eyesithathu zithathwa amaShayina ngesivinini abahamba izitimela zamalahle.

On the yesine - "okumsulwa Chinese CRH380A». ngumkhiqizi wayo - nenkampani enkulu kunazo kazwelonke ukwenziwa ujantshi izimoto - CSR Qingdao Sifang esitimela futhi Rolling Stock Inkampani. Esitimela isheshisa ukuba 380 amakhilomitha ngehora. Futhi isivivinyo Wamisa irekhodi lakhe - 486 amakhilomitha. CRH380A - ukhululekile futhi evulekile ngesivinini isitimela Beijing - Shanghai, Shanghai - Hangzhou futhi Guangzhou - Wuhan. izindiza zabo nsuku zonke, waqala ukwenza nge-September 2010.

indawo Okwesithathu - I-Chinese Shanghai maglev zemininingwane. It uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ijubane amakhilomitha ngehora 431 kuya 501. Isitimela usebenza isimiso kazibuthe ukumiswa "maglev isuka", elingazange wazimisela amaJalimane. Phela, Shanghai maglev athuthukile hhayi Chinese, kodwa amaJalimane efanayo. prototype Wayengowesizukulwane German esitimela SMT Transrapid. IsiShayina isitimela sejubane elisheshayo eyalwa ngo-2004 emzini Shanghai. I speed esiphezulu lapho iqalisa khona nsuku zonke kanye indlela yayo Shanghai - Isikhumulo sezindiza ingeqi 431 km / h. Nokho, it can nokuningi. Ngesikhathi uvivinyo esitimela batshalwa 501 amakhilomitha ngehora!

France

Eyesibili emhlabeni isivinini - iyona French TGV isitimela chungechunge. Ziya emizileni abavela eFrance eSwitzerland eJalimane. Isilinganiso isivinini onobuhle - km 320 / h. Irekhodi eyayibekwe ngo-2007 futhi zaba 574,8 km / h.

French ngesivinini uhlelo isitimela kanye zemininingwane Grande Vitesse - omunye edume kakhulu futhi esheshayo emhlabeni. Bona ngokuphindaphindiwe beat emhlabeni isivinini amarekhodi. Ukuthuthukiswa onobuhle ezifana siqale eFrance ngo-1960. Kwaba impendulo ukudalwa yakhe "Sinkansenov" isi-Japanese. Namuhla, France inama omkhulu ngesivinini imigqa (amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-1,700) kanye 4,000 amakhanda imikhiqizo yezolimo eyisikhombisa.

Land yelanga eliphumayo

Ngakho, sifika isitimela sezitimela ezinejubane kakhulu emhlabeni. Futhi kulolu chungechunge Japanese "Shinkansen» (Shinkansen). Ijubane ngesivinini izitimela - 581 km / h. Inqamuka onke amarekhodi jikelele kuze kube manje. Japan yaba izwe lokuqala ukuphuma uhlelo lwayo wesitimela ukwaba oseceleni emizileni ngesivinini. Ingxenye yokuqala yale Umshayeli ebaleka ngo-1964. Kwakuthinta yaqondaniswa ne-Olympic Games in Tokyo. Umzila: Tokyo - Osaka.

Esitimela lokuqala, 'Shinkansen' ayenziwe ngesimo amachashazi, kungakho igama elifanele. Ngisho nanamuhla, isitimela Japanese endleleni uyisidala ibizwa ngokuthi "amachashazi". Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho uphawu ephezulu ijubane sici yabo. Veza ngempela endiza ngesivinini inhlamvu. ijubane elijwayelekile "Shinkansen" - 443 km / h. Futhi irekhodi emhlabeni ngokuphelele, okuyinto Kumiswa 2003, kwafinyelelwa uphawu 581.

Modern 'Shinkansen' - ngokunethezeka ngesivinini isitimela express, eyabika esikhathini ngezithako zawo izimoto eyishumi nesithupha gokwentando. injini Japanese akuyona kuphela sezitimela ezinejubane kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa futhi ephephile. minyaka engamashumi amane nanhlanu okusebenzela isitimela yalesi brand zangakwazi ibe ingozi enkulu! Ayikho abalimala, akukho umonakalo - ukuphepha ephelele.

Phela, lo Tokyo wesitimela inethiwekhi olusebenza kakhulu emhlabeni. Engakabi yayo, 'Shinkansen' izitimela eyenziwa abantu abangaphezu kuka-ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha! Ayikho enye umugqa abakwazi ukuqhosha izibalo ezifana.

Indlela esheshayo, ephephile kakhulu, kodwa futhi inembe kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngakho, ibanga kusuka Osaka kuya eTokyo esitimela izimpukane imizuzu 145. Futhi ngo-2003, kokuqeda 160 yalezi izindiza, 'Shinkansen' aphambuka isheduli imizuzwana eziyisithupha kuphela ...

Russia

Izwe lethu Yebo, abakwazi ukuqhosha enjalo zibalo ezihlaba umxhwele, futhi 300 km / amakhanda h Russian kungukuthi ukuthola. Nokho, singakubonisa futhi ngiziqhayise imizila ngesivinini.

Ngaphambi 2009, emzileni eMoscow - Petersburg walandela ER200 isitimela. Isivinini salo njengoba isivele kungenzeka bonyana bazwisise ukusuka igama, 200 km / h. Futhi ngesikhathi sesivivinyo esitimela bakwazi overclock kuze kufinyelele 210 amakhilomitha. Ngo-2009, kuyisimangaliso ubuchwepheshe ukwesulwa, futhi salandelwa ngesivinini isitimela "Sapsan". Leli gama le esitimela yethiwa peregrine falcon, okuyinto kubhekwa inyoni sezitimela ezinejubane kakhulu emhlabeni. Isitimela yakhelwe futhi wabutha eJalimane. Isiqongo ke ingakha ijubane 300 km / h. Umenzi (Siemens) kusungulwa esiphezulu design ijubane 350 amakhilomitha ngehora. Lapho ebhekene novivinyo ugijima ujantshi yethu esitimela batshalwa 290 km / h. Izincwajana zemininingwane "Sapsan" ehamba phezu umzila Moscow - Petersburg. Le libanga wenabisela amahora phezu ezine, ngejubane isilinganiso kuyinto 166 km / h. Kwakhe ahlakaze ukuphepha. By endleleni, le express kusuka eMoscow kuya Nizhny Novgorod, ngokuvamile ehamba ngesivinini 160 amakhilomitha ngehora ...

ERussia, endaweni yesibili ngemva "peregrine Falcon" imele isitimela fast "Swallow". Futhi liye yinkampani German Siemens. Kwakuthinta ngokukhethekile ukuba kubizwe silibangise eRussia ekuqaleni Winter Olympic ngo Sochi. Siqukethe izimoto ezinhlanu kanye nobude kuze kufinyelele 130 amamitha. Lungase eqhutshwa imodi embaxambili (ne ukwengeza izimoto ezinhlanu). "Swallows" Izinga ingaphansi - kuze kufinyelele 160 km / h. It yenzelwe imizila nezasemalokishini ifakwe ezisekelweni okusezingeni eliphezulu. Namuhla, lezi izitimela balekela eMoscow, eSt Petersburg kanye Krasnodar. Kanye izitimela at Sochi Tuapse.

ERussia, ngokungafani namanye amazwe, ehlukile ozinikele ngesivinini imigqa ungapheli. Futhi ngesivinini isitimela "Ukugwinya", hhayi ngaphansi okusheshayo "Sapsan" ukuhamba kakade pre-existing siqala olwesimanje, izindlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwethula la baveze, kwadingeka asuse abanye umzila kancane. Lokhu, kuye kwabangela eziningi ukunganeliseki phakathi bendawo. Futhi izindleko amathikithi lezi izitimela impela high, ngisho ngezindinganiso eYurophu nase-Asia. Phakathi uhambo esitimela kusuka eMoscow kuya Petersburg uyokhokha kakhulu ngendlela bazonikezwa uma aphonswe khona ngendiza.