Uyini isitimela sezitimela ezinejubane kakhulu emhlabeni? isivinini sifinyelele ubuchwepheshe kusuka 500 km / h

Izikhangibavakashi ngesitimela cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokusungulwa esitimela kwaba yindlela esheshayo unqobe amabanga lesi simo eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XX, luye lwaba era we ngemoto zezindiza, lokhu bokuphakama inselele. Kodwa ababeqondisa umqondo akemi namanje, futhi ngokushesha esisha, lapho abaningi design Aerospace ukuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa namuhla kungase ncintisana lobubhalo kahle naletinye tinhlobo tetitfutsi.

Race ezitimeleni

mncintiswano Technical phakathi kwamazwe obonakaliswe ngezindlela ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuze adale isitimela sezitimela ezinejubane kakhulu emhlabeni. Ubuholi lo mncintiswano namashumi okugcina eminyaka uhlukanise Japan, France, Germany, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha base zezimboni nesayensi emazweni Asian enikeza isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi China neNingizimu Korea maduze inselelo abakhiqizi bendabuko. Ngaphezu abheke ukuthi kungenzeka kwezomnotho, impendulo yombuzo anjani isitimela iyona esheshayo, inquma ukuhweba ngisho isithunzi zezombusazwe umbuso, njengoba nje phakathi kwekhulu XX, abaholi bezwe bakhathazeka igunya isikhala. Ukufana luphakanyiswa ukugcwaliswa zobuchwepheshe entsha wesitimela amaphrojekthi.

izinkinga Technical nezisombululo zabo

Noma yimuphi isivinini phansi imoto kukhawulwe ngamazinga aphezulu friction, windage nokuphepha izici. Womathathu le mibandela ikhona umsindo ngokuyisisekelo zingenakunqobeka, kodwa akusho ukuthi umthelela wabo zingancishiswa cha. abakhiqizi Aircraft yazuza okuhlangenwe nakho ekudaleni amafomu sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza, ujantshi omncane futhi ISITIMELA AMANDLA KAZIBUTHE ubuchwepheshe - lawa izindlela main lapho Abadali kuhambile nojantshi yesimanje. izitimela ngesivinini ukuhlinzekela ukusebenza yabo amathrekhi ujantshi evamile noma ezinye overpasses wabeka ngokukhethekile. intuthuko kwezesayensi emkhakheni yemvelo ka uzibuthe wadala izimo isicelo ubuchwepheshe bamuva ukuba ngokoqobo fly phezu komzila.

ithrekhi okusha Japanese

isitimela esheshayo ukuletha izivakashi izindawo ezemidlalo emhlabeni sidalwe ngaphambi Olympics Tokyo ngo-1964. Igama layo "Shinkansen" lihunyushwa lisuselwa Japanese ngokuthi "ithrekhi entsha", inani okuyinto kwenziwa eduze standard ezwekazini. Ijubane kusishiya sibambe ongezansi, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba kumnandi. Kwezinye izindawo isitimela athuthukile 270 km / h, ukuvumela ukuba uthole Osaka e amahora amathathu. Le phrojekthi kwenzakala ngempela eqolo, kodwa kwaba nomvuzo eminyakeni emithathu. Inselelo enkulu kwaba ukudala ephezulu ukucacisa wesitimela, kodwa kube nezinye izinkinga lobuchwepheshe, okuyinto wathola isinqumo sokuqala.

mncintiswano Japanese futhi French

irekhodi nesivinini ngeminyaka yoma ekuseni, phehla French. TGV isitimela sihamba ngesivinini phezu 330 km / h, okwamanje kubhekwe sivamile lolu hlobo ezokuthutha. Kodwa kwathi ukuthi Japanese project «Shinkansen» ine izici ezibaluleke kakhulu lobuchwepheshe engasekelwe ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe, okungukuthi, ukuthi kukhona okungalunga ukuguqulwa. The kungenzeka ngcono kungenzeka ukugcina ubuqhawe. Irekhodi ngokuphelele emhlabeni 581 km / h, lokhu Inkomba inquma nezinye, igama angakahleleki Shinkansen "ichashazi". Kuze kube manje, cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka ngemva kokuba luqalile ukunyakaza emgqeni Osaka-Tokyo, isitimela sezitimela ezinejubane kakhulu emhlabeni.

Yini-French baye baphumelela?

Naphezu engu eside (ayethunywe ngo-1971), amaFulentshi "Grand Vitesse» TGV ngokuqinile ophethe indawo yesibili. Kodwa, njenganoma yiliphi abasubathi, izitimela avele izigaba ezahlukene. Ngo-2007, it kuyisimangaliso ubuchwepheshe ukuhlakaza nesivinini irekhodi cishe 575 km / h. Lokhu value zingaphansi ekuzuzweni kwemiPhumela uzakwabo Japanese, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi magnetic ukumiswa design imodeli TGV POS alisetshenziswa. Ngakho, French express isitimela - isitimela esisheshayo zonke emhlabeni, siqhubekele komzila ezivamile. Kukhona esinye isici kule imoto eyingqayizivele: ubude bayo - cishe 400 metres. Lona isitimela enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngo tonnage phakathi isivinini.

Chinese "German"

Abagibeli izindiza bezofika Shanghai Airport ongafinyelela edolobheni kumaminithi. "Maglev" ngqo ukuphela esitobhini lokugcina isitimela. Ukuthola off "bunching" bese kulandela isakhiwo omkhulu ukugcina Ukufika ukuza emotweni, elingaphakathi yayo akahlukile kusukela iqhumisa onqamula trapa-: kwakubusa efanayo izindiza, ngisho stewardesses kuhle. Ibanga esiteshini kuyibanga elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angu-30, imigoqo le isitimela ngemizuzu engaba ngu eziyisikhombisa. IBhodi efakwe ngaphezu komnyango emnyango, kungenzeka ukugcina umkhondo isivinini ngemva lidlula ukusheshisa 500 km / h ngesikhathi sasemini. Ebusuku isitimela express ihamba kancane ngaphezulu (430 km / h), lokhu kungenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, ukungqubuzana amandla abaklami ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba levitation kazibuthe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, naphezu Chinese «yokuhlala» yayo, Shanghai maglev zemininingwane elisuka German. It yadalwa eJalimane, ochwepheshe inkampani Transrapid sika athuthukile kanye nezinye izitimela ngesivinini emhlabeni. SMT imodeli, elaba isisekelo se-Shanghai "maglev", eziqediwe ngokuhambisana izifiso ikhasimende. Yokugibela kuleli isimangaliso ubuchwepheshe ngempela yeningi - 40 yuan, okuyinto mayelana amahlanu aseMelika.

Kodwa kuthiwani ngathi?

kwentuthuko Russian in high-ngesivinini wesitimela kuze kuhluke nesizotha. 250 km / h, okuyinto Kutfutfukisa "Sapsan", sisanda kwakubonakala yi kumnandi, kodwa isizinda ipumelelo abakhiqizi eziholela akusiyo umxhwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba igama Russian, kuba abadabuka kwamanye amazwe, wenza eJalimane, inkampani edumile emhlabeni wonke Siemens. Phakathi kwabayishumi abaphasa ngamalengiso kulesi Express ezazihamba phakathi Petersburg naseMoscow, akuzange kufakwe. Akwaziwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze abaklami Russian uzama ukudala isitimela sezitimela ezinejubane kakhulu emhlabeni. izindleko Kutfutfukiswa kaloliwe balungile, kodwa ingqalasizinda ahlobene izobiza okuningi. Nokho, elaseRussia uhlala omkhulu amandla wesitimela, futhi ubude wemizila ebekwe, futhi umthamo zithutha izimpahla futhi umgibeli traffic. Ngakho esikhathini esizayo ukuthi i.