Indlela sokushintsha iphasiwedi ku-Wi-Fi? Wazi kanjani iphasiwedi WiFi?

Ukufinyelela i-Inthanethi nge--Wi-Fi zisebenzisa Abasebenzisi abaningi kakhulu Russian. Faka ngokuxhuma kwi-Inthanethi, iphasiwedi, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokucabanga ngaso lapho evela khona. Ezimweni eziningi, inethiwekhi ekhaya ilungiselelwe, abasebenzisi uthemba Ochwepheshe ababemenywe nezikhungo zomsebenzi. Yiqiniso, iyisevisi ikhokhwe. Futhi kakhulu ngokuvamile opaque (kusukela luvo umsebenzisi neze uyaqonda izenzo olwenziwa master).

Nokho, abanikazi abaningi amanethiwekhi computer ekhaya ongathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana ezicashile Tuning hardware ne-software, ukuze ufunde indlela ukusebenza ne 'nensimbi' bebodwa, ngaphandle ukubandakanywa abasizi third-party.

lezi zinyathelo kulula ukuba kusebenze. Hhayi okungenani ngenxa ukuthi ukumisa inqubo engenantambo, njengoba umthetho, esengene emsebenzini imingcele embalwa kuphela ukhiye. Omunye wabo, eqinisweni, iphasiwedi.

Yiziphi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukhiye baqaphe ngenkathi kusethwa inethiwekhi ekhaya engenantambo? Kuyini ukubaluleka iphasiwedi ye-Wi-Fi? Iziphi izici izilungiselelo router yakho? Kanjani ukuze ushintshe iphasiwedi yakho ku-Wi-Fi ngendlela efanele?

Sizokwenza ngokuvumelana namazwi silula. It kuzokuvumela ukuba ukusetha noma ukuguqula iphasiwedi ye-WiFi-router, bese ufaka amanye, ukuthi kudingeka ukufaka amasethingi e-Inthanethi uxhumano kuzilungiselelo zakho router.

Kungani ngidinga iphasiwedi ye-Wi-Fi?

Uma inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ivikelwe nephasiwedi, bese-ke uzokwazi ukuxhuma ngokuphelele ubani umuntu nedivaysi isekela Wi-Fi amazinga. At onawo wakhe kuyoba khulula internet ukufinyelela, kanye engaba ukufinyelela amafayela kumadivayisi kunethiwekhi.

Uyini iphasiwedi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu?

ngokucacile Wireless liqukethe yokuthi ukuthembeka ukuvikelwa kwephasiwedi kusuka ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana.

Ubude nokuba yinkimbinkimbi

Eyokuqala - ubude nokuba yinkimbinkimbi iphasiwedi. Kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhethwa noma ukuqagela. Ngaphambi ukucabanga nendlela sokushintsha iphasiwedi ku-Wi-Fi, uthole izinhlamvu ewusizo Uhlelo generator okungahleliwe. Kuyi-Internet, lezi zixazululo ivezwa ngamanani amakhulu (kuhlanganise ngesimo on-line izikriphthi akudingeki ngisho ukulanda).

ukubethela

Isici sesibili - kuyisivikelo nephasiwedi kusukela ukuqaqwa. Iqiniso wukuthi inhlanganisela wezinhlamvu afakiwe ukusetshenziswa ukuze ungene kuhleloxhumano lilondolozwe idatha router hardware-based. Uma hacker bangagqashula kulo, bese ufunda nephasiwedi. Angenza leli esebenzisa ukuhlaziywa umsakazo okudala router.

ekusithekeni

Eyesithathu isici - nokwethenjelwa izindlela isitoreji iphasiwedi eyimfihlo. Lena isimo kubalulekile nokuvikeleka inethiwekhi. Hacker dream kuphela mayelana nendlela ukubona iphasiwedi yakho kwi-WiFi, zibekwe ngumnikazi router endaweni egqamile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iphasiwedi ingaxaka kakhulu, kuhle udinga ukukhumbula futhi ungalokothi ushise. Futhi hhayi ukutshela Yiqiniso, zonke ilandelana. Kukhona amacala lapho umhlaseli, kokunquma zendlela yokuthola iphasiwedi WiFi, ngazo zonke izindlela ukuyithola kusukela umnikazi indawo yesitoreji imfihlo ikhodi oyifunayo.

Ukuze uvimbele izenzo ezinjalo IT-onjiniyela baye basungula ezihlukahlukene ukubethela algorithm Wi-Fi uxhumano. Cabanga ezinguqulweni zabo eziyisisekelo.

WEP-ukubethela

Lokhu algorithm eyisisekelo kunazo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa, ethambile. Kodwa lapho kungekho ezinye izinketho - kuyodingeka ukuyisebenzisa. WEP-Ukuvikelwa ngeke sivumele umsebenzisi Wi-Fi kunethiwekhi ngaphandle kokufaka iphasiwedi elungile, kodwa elakhiwe njengengxenye traffic algorithm inethiwekhi ziqala kalula kakhulu elula izinhlelo nokugenca, okungase yingcweti yinoma yimuphi imfundamakhwela umsebenzisi.

Ngakho-ke, ukubala iphasiwedi ngaphakathi WEP-Ukuvikelwa silula. Ngakho, ngeke kube khona izinkinga nge indlela Ukushintsha iphasiwedi kwi-Wi-Fi ukuze ngisho umnikazi we-router ayikwazi ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi.

WPA-ukubethela

Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono izinga lokuziphatha engenantambo nokuvikeleka inethiwekhi IT-onjiniyela udale entsha olandelwayo ukubethela WiFi uxhumano - WPA. It is ukusebenza ubuchwepheshe eziningana ezahlukene zokunciphisa kokubala iphasiwedi ngokuhlaziya nomsakazo wodwa lo. Isici ukubethela ubuchwepheshe ngaphakathi WPA-protocol wukuthi idatha ku-Wi-Fi-inethiwekhi adluliswa njengengxenye inombolo enkulu amaphakethe nge okuqukethwe onhlobonhlobo.

Nakuba ngaleso WEP-yokuvikela idatha adluliswa emfudlaneni olulodwa. Uma umhlaseli engenela iphakethe ngekhodi ngokusebenzisa iphrothokholi WPA, iphasiwedi awukwazi ukubala uze qhathanisa idatha kanye nolwazi kwamakhulu noma ngisho nezinkulungwane zabanye. Waphendula kwakuzodingeka isikhathi esiningi. Futhi-ke, uma iphasiwedi liyinkimbinkimbi ngokwanele, amathuba ngokuhlaziya WPA-ukubethela kuyoba eliphansi kakhulu.

WPA2-ukubethela

Lesi sivumelwano zokuxhumana kuyinto esigabeni esilandelayo algorithm odlule ekuthuthukisweni engenantambo nokuvikeleka. It elungiselelwe ikakhulu ngokuya ngesivinini futhi ephumelelayo ngemfihlo idatha ye inani elikhulu kumadivayisi axhumene kunethiwekhi efanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo WPA2 algorithm it has ukuphepha namandla kunomFilisti WPA,-aspect iphasiwedi ukubala.

Sakha router

Ngaphambi ufake iphasiwedi kwi-router, kudingeka senze eziningi nezinye izilungiselelo. Into yokuqala udinga ukuxhuma kahle idivayisi kwikhompyutha yakho. Futhi kwimodi yezintambo.

Ukufundiswa onikelwa ngezansi, kufanelekile Yiqiniso, akubona bonke imizila. I-oda yezenzo yomsebenzisi sendlela ukusetha noma ukuguqula iphasiwedi ku TP-Link, WiFi-router kusukela ZyXel, imodemu, ukhululeka ngaphansi sha D-Link, kungehluka. Kodwa umehluko phakathi tindlelanchubo ukubeka onobuhle ezahlukene ngokuvamile omncane. Uma bayoba, ezimweni eziningi umsebenzisi ngeke akwazi ukujwayela le miyalelo ukuze sha oluthile router.

Ukulungiselelwa hardware we-router

imizila eminingi yenziwa izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko kwamachweba (sise emuva izindlu). Ezinye zazo (ngokuvamile eyodwa) ixhunywe kusiteshi zokuxhumana ku-inthanethi (DSL, i-Ethernet, «fibre" futhi t. D.), Futhi namanye amadivayisi eklanyelwe ukuxhuma i-PC kanye umthombo wamandla.

Imbobo ukuthi yakhelwe ukuxhuma idivayisi inethiwekhi emhlabeni wonke, njengoba umthetho, lisayindwe yibo bobabili «Inthanethi». Xhuma idivayisi yakho ku- PC Kwenziwa ezimweni eziningi ngokusebenzisa i-Ethernet-ikhebula ( "pair ezisontekile") noma i-USB ikhebula. Bobabili kulula sasivumela ukuba aqaphele ku isixhumi ukucushwa ethize, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngombala. I-Ethernet-ikhebula, ngokuvamile ophuzi, futhi-USB - blue.

Uma kungenzeka, kufanele ixhunywe "pair ezisontekile" (kuleli cala, thina akudingeki ukufaka abashayeli yedivayisi). Omunye ekupheleni ikhebula, okuyinto kungenzeka ophuzi, thina ukuxhuma kwi-router, kanye nezinye - ekhadini inethiwekhi sekhompyutha. A tip encane ngathi kuyoba yokuthi nezixhumi zikhona futhi kukhona nse, ngokungafani-USB uxhumano.

Xhuma kumzila wakho kuya PC ukwenza lapho kokubili devaysa de-nginomdlandla. Okokuqala vula router, sisuke siqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ukukhanya ngezihluthu iphaneli izibani. Khona - computer. Ngemva kulayishwa uhlelo lokusebenza ohlangothini kwesokudla iphaneli phansi (eduze iwashi nolimi layout) kufanele kubonakale LAN uxhumano inkomba.

Kulesi umsebenzi ezihlobene ngokusetha ihadiwe, kungaba kubhekwe ephelele. Dlulela esinyathelweni ukuxhumana ngedivayisi ezingeni isofthiwe.

ukumiswa Software we-router

Sidinga ukusebenzisa esibonakalayo router ukuphathwa. It kuzokuvumela ukuba siveze inombolo enkulu yezenzo. Ngalo, ungakwazi ukufaka, ushintsho noma ukuthola iphasiwedi WiFi kukhompyutha.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kubonwa sivula isiphi isiphequluli bese ufaka okulandelayo emgqeni phezulu IP-ikheli: 192.168.0.1. Ngo ewindini elivelayo, ufake igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi zikhala kanjalo: admin (kwezinye imizila lomsebenzisi enye - impande).

I interface yomsebenzisi azoshintsha ekhasini, okuzoba ongakhetha ukumisa router sika. Sinesithakazelo ithebhu, equkethe izwi-Wi-Fi. Ngokukhetha ke, sithola ikhasi lapho udinga ukufaka idatha elandelayo:

1. Igama inethiwekhi wireless (SSID).

Kungenzeka noma yikuphi (Latin). Kunconywa ukuba unamathele amazwi hlangothi futhi kulula ukukhumbula.

2. Ukukhethwa uhlobo ubuqiniso.

Ukukhumbula mini-inkulumo yethu mayelana indlela ukubethela. Ukukhetha uhlobo onokwethenjelwa kunayo yonke ubuqiniso, okungukuthi, lapho isihloko iqukethe izifinyezo WPA noma WPA2.

3. Empeleni iphasiwedi.

Ubude obuncane - ezingu-8. Yini iphasiwedi WiFi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu? Siye ngokwengxenye waphendula lo mbuzo belulekwa ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ugesi ukulandelana ongacabangi wezinhlamvu. Kodwa uma ukufinyelela software efana hhayi, ungenza inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu nezinombolo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngohlamvu olulodwa - incwadi, elinye - sibalo.

Phela imisebenzi ucindezela inkinobho "ukulondoloza izinguquko" (ngesiNgisi «londoloza izilungiselelo»), elinde kabusha kwe-router cishe umzuzu. Uqedile. Ungakwazi Ukunqamula ukuxhuma "pair basonta", xhuma kumzila wakho kuya PC. Manje izosebenza Wi-Fi uxhumano. Le seva kungaba kunoma iyiphi idivayisi esekela ukuxhumana okungenawaya.

Indlela sokushintsha iphasiwedi ku-Wi-Fi uma kudingeka? Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzomele uphinde uxhume ku-router nge ikhebula ukuze PC ungene esibonakalayo ukuphathwa. Khona-ke sikhetha izintandokazi manje ujwayelene Izilungiselelo ze-Wi-Fi bese ikhasi oyifunayo - umuntu lapho iphasiwedi kuzobonakala. Futhi lapho kungashintshwa kunoma iyiphi enye. Okusho ukuthi, lapho kuyoba nezinkinga nendlela ukuthola iphasiwedi WiFi.

Umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukumisa uxhumano Inthanethi

Kwezinye izimo of imisebenzi ngenhla azanele. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi simo ibonisa inqubo ukulungiswa Wi-Fi uxhumano ngephasiwedi ezimweni lapho uxhumano ongakhetha internet asethwe ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlelo, ngokuhambisana namazinga yamukelwa iningi abahlinzeki Russian.

Kungenzeka ukuthi oyedwa noma omunye ukufinyelela opharetha ku-inthanethi isebenza nezinye izilungiselelo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ukusetshenziswa ukufinyelela kumasevisi we-intanethi, elihunyushwe Belarusian ByFly umhlinzeki, kuzomele wenze uchungechunge yezenzo eyengeziwe nge-router. Kuyini lokhu?

Ngaphambi ukumisa inethiwekhi wireless futhi usethe iphasiwedi-Wi-Fi-imodemu, kufanele uqinisekise ngokunemba ongakhetha elawula uxhumano router kwi-Inthanethi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iya umphathi wedivaysi esibonakalayo usebenzisa 192.168.1.1 IP-ikheli., Udinga ukukhetha inketho uyakuthiwa «Isethaphu Inthanethi» noma ezinye ngendlela efanayo.

Ekhasini elilandelayo, khetha efanele uxhumano protocol router kwi-Inthanethi: Ezimweni eziningi kuba PPPoE / PPPoA.

Kuyadingeka ukusetha amagugu efanele VPI futhi VCI. Edolobheni Minsk, isibonelo, Uzodinga ukufaka amadijithi 0 no-33.

Umhlinzeki angase ahlele ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi by login kanye nephasiwedi, okuyinto babuye betfulelwe emasimini angomakhelwane. Ukuze amakhasimende ByFly lomsebenzisi ilingane nesibalo yesivumelwano. Misa iphasiwedi embhalweni yalesi sivumelwano.

Kuye ukucushwa kwe-imodemu kungase kudingeke ukhetha okufanele ezindaweni ezifana «Ibhuloho Interface», noma, isibonelo, «Dynamic Umzila».

Ngemva kuyinto ngokufaka yonke imingcele edingekayo kungenzeka, ekugcineni, ukusetha noma ukuguqula iphasiwedi Wi-Fi. ByFly - opharetha ngokuqinisekile yesimanje. Kodwa ezinye izinyathelo ukumisa modems ukusetshenziswa amasevisi yayo amaklayenti ukukhiqiza kumele ube ngumnikazi.

Ngisho noma kukhona isidingo sokusebenzisa izilungiselelo ngenhla noma ulungise nabo kukho kwesigaba, elihlobene ne ukuxhumana okungenawaya, noma yiziphi izinguquko ayadingeka. Isiteshi inthanethi ne-Wi-Fi-inethiwekhi kusukela iphuzu kwezobuchwepheshe umbono - module ezimbili ezahlukene router. Cabanga indlela Ukushintsha iphasiwedi kwi-Wi-Fi ku elungile izilungiselelo inthanethi, asikho isidingo. Idinga kuphela endaweni ecinene, uma umsebenzisi ngasizathu simbe yanquma ukushintsha ikhodi yakho ukuze ungene kuhleloxhumano.

Thina kuphela uqaphele ukuthi yesimanje abahlinzeka ngemisebenzi, njengoba umthetho, zama ukusebenza izilungiselelo we modems e umsebenzisi okuzenzakalelayo. Zonke imisebenzi ngenhla azidingeki ukukhiqiza bebonke, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kunesidingo esinjalo.

Kanjani ukuze ushintshe iphasiwedi yakho ku-WiFi, manje sesiyazi ukuthi. Siphindze safundza ezinye ubuqili elihlobene ne nokuvikeleka amanethiwekhi wireless kanye nedatha ukubethela ubuchwepheshe.