Zil-170: Ukucaciswa nezithombe

KamAZ amaloli kumelwe ukuba wabona konke. Futhi igama umshini, isithombe okuyinto abekwe ngezansi? Ejwayelekile KamAZ nomlomo cabover ukumisa, nezinhlelo ezintathu abantu cab ... futhi izinhlamvu "Zil" in the front end. Noma kunjalo, lena akuyona ingozi. Kubukeka sengathi imoto Zil-170 - uhlobo "Ubaba" izimoto ephuma esangweni e-(eziyinkimbinkimbi isitshalo ukwenziwa amaloli "Kamaz") Chelny isitshalo.

Iqiniso liwukuthi imodeli wokuqala kuya KAMAZ zamanje lwenzelwe kwelinye ibhizinisi, futhi ngalezo zinsuku, lapho lesi sitshalo "Kamaz" Wayengekho. Ngathola umyalo ukukhiqiza izitshalo. Likhachev ( "Zil"). Kwakuwusuku inkampani kuphela kabani ukukhiqizwa umthamo ngesikhathi angakwazi ukusisingatha. Imodeli waphumelela, futhi ngemva kokuqala zokukhiqiza e Chelny onjiniyela nganquma ukuthi akudingekile ukuba reinvent isondo okwesibili. Iloli sokuqala sibhidlika emgqeni Umhlangano waba izici kucishe Zil-170 ngemoto, isithombe ongawabona kule isibuyekezo.

umlando imodeli

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ngqo incazelo iloli, siphawula ukuthi imoto yokuqala KamAZ baphuma amasango ifektri ngo-1977. Okuwukuphela umehluko ukuthi kungabonakala imishini yanamuhla, steel izibani elingunxande, kuyilapho kungekho ngaphansi abadumile Zil-130 ukukhanyisa izakhi round.

Ngakho, kungani Kamaz lokuqala kwakukhona izincwadi? Umlando Zil-170 yaqala ngo-60s of leminyaka elidlule, lapho eMoscow Likhachev Plant wayala ukwakha entsha izimoto izimpahla ezisindayo. Ngakho Minavtoprom wagcizelela amaphuzu ezimbili: eyokuqala - iloli kufanele abe Western (cabover), kanti eyesibili - udinga ukusetha ukukhiqizwa endaweni entsha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sitshalo kwaba ekuthuthukisweni ngokugcwele jika of Zil-130, kanye nokuhlolwa ensimini 3169 amamodeli nje angase ukuhlangabezana zonke izidingo Ministry.

Imoto ibe obunamandla, wezimpahla hhayi kancane, kodwa kwaba iloli Soviet bonneted. Esikhathini chungechunge, akazange angene. Ukulandela imodeli zalesi sihlahla kumele abe Zil-170. indaba Car indalo iqala ngo-1968, lapho amasango simila eshiya lokuqala cabover ugandaganda (kamuva KamAZ-5410). Ngo-1969 wanyathelisa inguqulo yokuhlola amaloli futhi yokulahla amaloli (ngokulandelana, KamAZ 5320 futhi 5510). Ngawo lowo nyaka, ukwakhiwa zalesi sihlahla iqala, kamuva waya zonke ipumelelo Zil, ngaphansi kwegama KamAZ.

Leyo mikhumbi lokuqala inkampani entsha wayegqoka isibonakaliso phezu hood zalesi sihlahla. Likhachev. KamAZ izinhlamvu (logo ngesimo ihhashi egijima wazalwa kamuva kakhulu), ngokusho legend, uvele lapho Enea wabona ombukiso lokuqala iloli kulesi simila e Chelny. Umuntu osuka kusho uMnyango ukuthi umshini ekhiqizwa kwelinye ibhizinisi, akufanele azalele igama Zil. Ngenxa yalokho, isitshalo eMoscow ubuyela bonnet ongakhetha design, futhi Zil-170 ngaphansi kwegama KamAZ ekhiqizwa kuze kube yilolu suku.

Protopip

Ngemva kokuthola lo msebenzi, lesi sitshalo "Zil" uthenge ongakhetha eziningana entshonalanga futhi ekugcineni zijwayeza kwenye. Zaba International ukukhiqizwa American.

entsha imoto gumbi ukuze uthole unxande kancane kuka original, nge okuchachambile phambi fascia futhi ezimbili izibani isiyingi. Omunye umehluko kusukela American bekulokhu ukuvela amabhande esivikelo emotweni umshayeli nomgibeli oyedwa (indawo umgibeli wesibili wayesenze amaphutha uvele kwi Kamaz.) Kusukela prototype naye wathathwa amandla ayo kanye nomqondo multi-wesifunda ohlelweni ukubopha.

amandla kwesigaba

Ngo-1969, injini sitshalo Yaroslavl wathola enye i-oda - ukuthuthukisa bese ukukhulula izinjini for the imoto entsha. Nale injini entsha kumele ube namandla anele - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-200 amalitha. a., kusukela imoto ngeke Enkulukazi. Yaroslavl ethulwa inguqulo YaMZ-6E641, futhi onjiniyela baye basungula PPC YaMZ-E141. Kwakuwusuku inguqulo yokuqala injini phezu Zil-170. Injini kwadingeka ukuba aklame lesi isizukulwane sesibili ngo-1970, njengoba uhlelo kuthola inkinga engathí sina.

Entsha iloli imodeli injini ithole isifinyezo YaMZ-740. Njengomvini samuntu Kwaqale kwaba 8 cylinder udizili ephethe umthamo we 10 amalitha kanye ilungiselelo V- angamasongo amasilinda. umthamo kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe 210 amalitha. a. Uma sikhuluma ngemithetho 'Euro', kuba imithetho cishe ukuphendula, kodwa ngo-1970 kwaba ungumuntu omuhle kakhulu, futhi nguye owayeseqenjini amaloli Zil-170.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Abaklami eziye zakhishwa nokubhalwa ukuthi: kuqala, umshini kufanele kube ngokwanele enobunye, futhi okwesibili, kufanele zihlanganisa zonke (noma cishe yonke) ezintsha ngalezo zikhathi. Enye yalezi izinqumo kwaba ukudluliswa. Yaroslavl zilethwe ibhokisi yayo 5 ngesivinini. Abaklami belisebenzisa, kodwa wanezela ehlukanisayo, okuholela kwenani labafana isivinini esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10 I sibonelo, bese ekukhiqizweni got 10 amagiya phambili futhi 2 reverse.

ehlukanisayo wesifunda kwakuba kahle entsha kodwa silula - izinyathelo 2 kuphela. Isigaba sokuqala zazilisebenzisa ngqo - njengoba bafeza emihlanu phezulu, kanti eyesibili luyanda, ukuze kwakunokwenzeka ukuthi ufake 6th futhi okwalandela. Lokhu ehlukanisayo futhi wasebenza isiqondiso reverse, isivinini omunye - "kusukela ebhokisini", kanti eyesibili - ngokusiza ingxenye.

Axels

Futhi, omunye yale mibandela engenhla oda ukuba izinga 6x4 3 izimbazo, amasondo 6, ezimbili drive axis. ezintsha ziye zasetshenziswa lapha. I oluvala amasondo nesibongo kwadingeka drive yabo imiphini, kuyilapho isilinganiso kwaba ifakwe umehluko isikhungo.

petrol

Omunye izici ezintsha, okuyinto kwadlula njengefa kwamazibulo kwesitshalo esisha - okuyinto esiphansi petrol. Truck Zil-170 kuthatha ingqikithi 34 amalitha per km 100. Lezi zinkomba kube yilolu suku phakathi aphansi kuleli izimoto ezisindayo-duty ekilasini yayo.

ongakhetha yangaphandle

Ekhuluma idatha sangaphandle umshini, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele amaphuzu amaningana. Imoto wawuzoba esindayo-futhi ukhetho lokuqala ngesikhathi esisindo amathani 8 kungathatha amathani 6 wezimpahla. I sibonelo kwaba iloli flatbed nge ngoseyili, kodwa ngemva kokuba esengene namaloli, futhi alahle amaloli. Nokho eduze ekuthuthukiseni lezi ukulungiswa kwavela kakade ngesikhathi isitshalo Chelny. Ngakho-ke, ukuchaza futhi uthathe ugibelile version. Zonke kwemigomo Zil-170 ziboniswa isikimu ethulwa ngenhla.

Ubukhulu Main, okwakukhona kuwo wonke imishini efanayo, sibhala ngokwehlukile. Ubude obuphelele - 7435 mm, ibanga ukusuka bumper esondweni isikhungo sokuqala - 1275 mm phakathi eksisi lamasondo angemuva - 1320 mm, kusukela phambili kuya ezingemuva izikhungo - 3190 mm. ububanzi jikelele - 2500 mm, phakathi amathayi phezu oluvala amasondo efanayo - kancane kuka-2000 mm. Kulokhu umbhangqwana ezingemuva enama-asi kwagcizelela - 4 ku ngamunye wesondo.

Ungase futhi zihlanganisa isici kurediyetha Izinsimbi kudatha zangaphandle ilungelo engenhla front end, okuyinto ngofuzo KamAZ, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ukuthi ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko amazwe, njenge-lacing ezansi etendeni.

isiphetho

"Zil" Kwakuyimi ngedwa isitshalo kweSoviet Union, ogama ukuthuthukiswa, ukuthola ochungechungeni, baba njalo yimpumelelo njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, Zil-130. onobuhle Abaningi okwalandela babe namahlumela kuchungechunge main (131, 132, 133 540). Ngakho-ke waqala futhi Zil-170. Ukuze ukukhululwa balezi zinguqulo Sakhe lonke isitshalo. Izimoto zokuqala intuthuko entsha ibhizinisi iphindwa "Zil", kodwa kamuva yaba umshini ehluke ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, kokubili wathola isicelo yabo umkhakha yesimanje.