Isitshalo "Hammer Sickle." Isitshalo "Hammer Sickle", eMoscow

Metallurgy cishe bekulokhu umgogodla ezweni lethu, ekuletheni eyayidingeka kakhulu impahla eluhlaza for the ukukhiqizwa imishini kazwelonke umnotho, isayensi lezempi. Yiqiniso, ukukhula kwawo Useke wadlula ezigabeni eziningi ezinzima, konke kwaqala ngendlela izikhathi kunalokho amnyama ...

Omunye abameleli ovelele umkhakha steel isitshalo "Hammer Sickle."

Indlela Bonke baqala

Ngo-1883, i-usomabhizinisi engumthengisi Goujon eyakhelwe inkampani encane, anikezelwe eMoscow steelmaking. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa esiba ukusebenza ngowokuqala esithandweni evulekile-eziko, uphethiloli ngoba ngaleso sikhathi wakhonza njengephayona uwoyela nophethiloli. Ngo-1913, kwathiwa elicibilikile amathani ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 90 steel, esesikhundleni amaziko eziyisikhombisa babesebenza ngaleso sikhathi. Imboni ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela ukukhululwa akuyona kakhulu eliphezulu steel, izipikili, ngezikulufo kanye wire.

emva Revolution

Ngo-1918 inkampani zadliwa uhulumeni. Lesi sitshalo, okuyinto cishe balahlekelwa yikho konke kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, ithole ifa elisindayo kakhulu. Kuqhathaniswa 1913, okukhipha wawa ngokushesha ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-50. Ngo-1921, okuthunyelwe ka umqondisi wenkampani waqokwa IR Burdachev, ngubani zokugcina wasebenza njengoba ngensimbi yena. Ikakhulu sibonga kuye, ukukhiqizwa lakhiwa kabusha futhi olwesimanje.

Ngawo lowo nyaka kwaba khona lesi sitshalo "Hammer Sickle." Ngo-1925, waba umqondisi P. F. Stepanov owathiwa 1928 kwaba namanje bakwazi ukuletha inani steel ekhiqizwa ezingeni ka-1913. Ngo-1931, le mboni isibe omunye amabhizinisi eziholayo Association "lezinsimbi", esinikela lizwe nge eliphezulu izinto zokusetshenziswa for zokukhiqiza.

umthetho karate

Kusukela ngo-1938, ukukhiqizwa babenezinkinga ngu G. M. ilin. Kungenxa igama onekhono kungenxa waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi inani steel kukhiqizwa. Kakade 1939 waklonyeliswa Order of Lenin, umholi ukuthi imiklomelo imali eningi kanye nokuqashelwa phakathi naleyo minyaka.

Phakathi nempi, ukukhiqizwa abayekanga ngeminithi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abasebenzi inkampani kwakungafanele kuncike banxuse phambi, ifektri namanje kwesokunxele ukulwa abahlaseli amakhulu steelmakers abanamakhono futhi metallurgists. Yonke umthwalo umsebenzi yawela emahlombe abasebenzi nezintombi. Njengoba singabona kusukela imibiko leyo minyaka, lesi sitshalo "Hammer Sickle" ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile e anqobe izitha.

kwathiwa Kodwa eyanikezwa abasebenzi bayo kanzima: endaweni yokugcina ka leyo minyaka ulwazi oluningi mayelana nendlela steelmakers umane yehlelwa swoon elambile emhlabeni amaziko. Omunye kungaba kuphela ziyamangala lapho isibindi sawo: ezinjalo umsebenzi onzima kuyinto uyakhathaza, amadoda ngisho emzimbeni, ukusho lutho intsha isigamu-babulawa!

ngemva kwempi

Naphezu ukubhujiswa esindayo kwempi, ngemva kwempi, inkampani ukwandisa ngokushesha izinga lokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku sokuncibilikisa insimbi engagqwali. Ngakho, ngo-1949 lesi sitshalo waklonyeliswa iqembu ethola umklomelo wabahamba State ubuchwepheshe ukusetshenziswa mpilo uma metal sokuncibilikisa kuvulekile-kwemizi amaziko. Maduzane, le nqubo iye kabanzi hhayi kuphela izimboni zasekhaya, kodwa futhi ezimbonini zaphesheya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva konyaka umklomelo efanayo wanikwa steelmakers, abakwazile kakhulu ukunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa phezu yokuncibilikisa insimbi. A ukwanda okukhulu ukukhiqiza nekhwalithi isiko yathinteka cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba esithandweni kudluliswa kusuka amafutha igesi. Kusukela ngo-1945 kuya 1971 isibalo ekhiqizwa iphuma kabili.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha yokuncibilikisa

Kusukela ngo-1963, lolu hlelo translation eqala ukukhiqiza ingqikithi ugesi. Ngakho, kuba electroslag ukuncibilika ubuchwepheshe (ESHL) sidalwe phelelisa kuleyo minyaka. Kakade ngo-1978 amakhompyutha yasekhaya kwangena ukukhiqizwa.

Njengoba sinazo zonke lezi imisebenzi, ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu kuphela ukukhiqiza eliphezulu insimbi engagqwali singezelelwe ngokushesha nge-21%. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngo-1973 eyenziwa kabusha okukhulu zalesi sihlahla, ukukhiqizwa steel abayekanga ngosuku olulodwa. Kuphela wokugcina e-Europe, esithandweni evulekile-Iziko samiswa ngo-1976: eminye yokuncibilikisa insimbi kwaqhubeka ngesikhathi ubuchwepheshe kakhulu okuthuthukile.

Zonke ngesikhathi esizayo, kuze kokuwa kweSoviet Union, inani izinto zokusetshenziswa ekhiqizwa njalo kwandisa. UGrew izidingo zomkhakha wezolimo kanye impi, omningi metal oludingekayo ukuze ukugcwala okusheshayo amandla asolwandle ezweni lonke ezakhiwa Hydro kanye namandla enuzi, futhi ukuze kwakhiwe isizinda edingekayo inqwaba.

Iningi nezidingo ingxenye European yezwe enikeziwe igama isitshalo eMoscow "Hammer Sickle."

kweminyaka engu-90

Njengezinye izinkampani eziningi kuleli zwe, ke kwaphawulwa izinguquko ezinkulu ekuphileni wezwe. Inombolo oda isimo lehla zero, isimo okubuhlungu eyayizoba inkinga. Ngo-1990, ukukhiqizwa wacishe wayeka ngokuphelele.

Kuze kube kowezi-2000, lesi sitshalo "Hammer Sickle" eyingoduso e ukukhululwa gqwa komkhiqizo, okuvame babengenalo wafanisa iphrofayili eyinhloko ibhizinisi.

isikhathi esisha

Lapho ekuqaleni kwawo-kowezi-2000 ngokusebenzisa ifektri cishe ishiywe waqala ukudonsa Okwesithathu Ring Road, kwakukhona inqwaba iziphakamiso phezu amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa ethembisayo. Njengenjwayelo, eziningi zezinkonzo phakathi babebhekwa, kodwa ke behluleka ukuvumelana ngoba.

Ngu-2007, kwathiwa nokho labetibambile ukuthi omkhulu ensimini washiya "Hammer Sickle" ifektri izosetshenziswa ukwakha kwesinye isikhungo ibhizinisi.

Ngawo-December amapulani zishintshile kancane: kwakuhlelwe ukuhola ukwakhiwa izitolo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi zamabhizinisi kanye ingcebo. Akwaziwa ukuthi kungani, kodwa sasingawohloki eyakhelwe 2012 no isisekelo. imithombo Independent zisikisela ukuthi udaba 52% esigxotsheni ezikulesi simila, ephethwe nguHulumende esifundeni, futhi ngoba imvume yokwakha ukuba athole Kwatholakala hhayi ukuze kube lula.

amathemba ukuthuthukiswa

Ngayiphi iyoba insimu yalapho manje simi simila "Hammer Sickle"? Moscow ukholelwa ukuthi kuleli qophelo izifunda entsha ibhizinisi kumele kwenzeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukwakhiwa lokuzijabulisa izikhungo, amanzi ipaki kanye nezinye izikhungo zomphakathi.

Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje akukho ukusikisela ukuthi "Hammer Sickle" Metallurgical Plant, esinikela esikhathini esidlule yamuva, izidingo umbuso steel ephezulu grade, kungenziwa kabusha. Nokho, izazi zezombangazwe namaqembu amaningi kwemvelo zithi ulungisiswa ngokuphelele: the omningi enobungozi kwekhabhoni emkhathini, ngisho maphakathi idolobha elinabantu abaningi, izakhamuzi impilo enhle is ngokucacile ayengeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nokufaneleka nokuthuma steel isitshalo enkulu, okuyinto into ebaluleke amasu, budebuduze imingcele esentshonalanga, futhi ungaqiniseki. ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi kungaba ngcono ukuba ngiyibeke phezu indawo yeSiberia.

Ezinye izinkampani

Kukuphi lapho has "Hammer Sickle" mboni? Saratov inegama elifanayo njengoba inkampani, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi wahlanganyela kule sokuncibilikisa steel. Ngokungafani eMoscow "nozakwethu" lakhe inkampani Njengamanje sizibandakanye iphrofayela yomsebenzi wabo. Ikhishwa umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo zayo global kanye sesimanje.

Lesi sitshalo inegama elifanayo njengoba e Kazan. It is waziphatha ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ngemboni ubunjiniyela nokwenza yomculo.