Amandla igesi abaphehla ugesi. Cycle igesi eziphehla ugesi

Negesi ophephela isitshalo (GTP) umthetho owodwa, uma kuqhathaniswa compact amandla eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho abhanqiwe umsebenzi amandla ophephela futhi generator. Uhlelo kabanzi lisetshenziswe okuthiwa ephansi-amandla. Omkhulu ukuze zithole amandla futhi ukushisa supply amabhizinisi ezinkulu, ezindaweni ezikude nezinye abathengi. Ngokuvamile, igesi ophephela abasebenza fuel liquid noma igesi.

Cutting-Edge

Likhono amandla ugcogce umthamo ehola indima uya nesitshalo igesi ophephela futhi ukuziphendukela kwaso okwalandela - kuhlangene umjikelezo igesi samanzi (CCGT). Ngakho, US izitshalo amandla kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, abangaphezu kuka-60% input bese yesimanje izindawo kakade gesi abaphehla ugesi kanye CCGT, futhi kwamanye amazwe isabelo sabo safinyelela 90% eminyakeni ethile.

Inani elikhulu futhi wakha igesi ophephela elula. Negesi ophephela isitshalo - mobile, ukonga ukusebenza futhi kulula ukulungisa - kwaba isixazululo esingcono kakhulu ukumboza isiqongo imithwalo. Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka (1999-2000) amandla ingqikithi igesi abaphehla ugesi ifinyelele 120,000 MW. Ukuze uqhathanise, eminyakeni engu-80 amandla ingqikithi lolu hlobo sesistimu 8000-10 000 MW. Ingxenye enkulu the samanzi igesi (60%) okuhloswe ukuthi asebenze kanambambili izitshalo ezinkulu elihlangene-umjikelezo nge umthamo isilinganiso mayelana 350 MW.

Imininingwane zomlando

Ngesisekelo ezicatshangelwayo zezinkolelo-ukusetshenziswa kuhlangene-umjikelezo ngobuchwepheshe kwakhishwa wafunda imininingwane ezweni lakithi ekuqaleni '60s. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi kwacaca ukuthi inkambo jikelele ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla uhlelo ehlangene kuhlangene umjikelezo ubuchwepheshe. Nokho, ukuqaliswa zabo eziphumelelayo zokuqhuba ibhizinisi zazidingeka okunokwethenjelwa futhi ukusebenza okuphezulu igesi abaphehla ugesi.

Lokho intuthuko eningi ezikhonjwe yesimanje amandla igesi ophephela uhlelo eqa qualitative. Kunamaphuzu amaningana izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ngempumelelo axazulula inkinga yokudala kahle umile igesi abaphehla ugesi ngesikhathi lapho izinhlungu zekhanda zasekhaya ehola yezinhlangano e izimo womnotho umyalo bekwi-ukukhuthazwa wabancane eziphambili umusi samanzi technology (PTU).

Uma 60s nekusebenta izitshalo igesi ophephela wema ngasemnyango 24-32%, ngasekupheleni kwawo-80 best amandla igesi umile abaphehla ugesi wayevele kahle (ukusetshenziswa ewodwa) 36-37%. Lokhu kwavumela ukuba adale ngesisekelo PGU kabani kahle kwaba 50%. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu entsha, babengamaphesenti angu-40%, kanye ngokuhlanganyela umjikelezo elihlangene - futhi 60%.

Ukuqhathanisa umusi-ophephela futhi kuhlanganiswe-umjikelezo izitshalo

Sebebonke umjikelezo izitshalo esekelwe igesi abaphehla ugesi, futhi eseduze ithemba wangempela ukuthola 65% kahle noma ngaphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo i-amayunithi umusi samanzi (athuthukiswe USSR), kuphela endabeni ka-isixazululo ngempumelelo eziningi izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zesayensi ezihlobene isizukulwane kanye nokusetshenziswa supercritical umusi imingcele, ungathembela nekusebenta bengekho ngaphezu kwama-46-49%. Ngakho, nekusebenta umusi ophephela kuhlanganiswe uhlelo umjikelezo ngendlela engenathemba ulahlekelwe.

Kuyaphawuleka kunabayeni esitimu ophephela amandla plant njengoba izindleko kanye nesikhathi ukwakhiwa. Ngo-2005, amandla ezimakethe zomhlaba, intengo 1 kW 200 MW CCGT nangaphezulu kwaba $ 500-600 / kW. Ukuze PSU ezincane umthamo ukubaluleka kwaba ku ezahlukene 600-900 $ / kW. Inamandla igesi abaphehla ugesi zivumelana $ 200-250 / kW. Nge ukwehla umthamo iyunithi intengo ukwanda, kodwa akavamile idlule $ 500 / kW. Lezi zinqubo a ingxenyana ethile yezindleko ye kilowatt amandla umusi ophephela izinhlelo. Ngokwesibonelo, intengo ngayinye kilowatt ukufakwa ushintsha uba yileli umusi ophephela izitshalo amandla zokhahlamba kusuka $ 2000-3000 / kW.

Isikimu igesi ophephela isitshalo

Lesi sitshalo yakhiwa amayunithi ezintathu eziyisisekelo: i-gas ophephela combustor kanye compressor emoyeni. Futhi wonke amayunithi ezibekwe prefabricated iphakethe elilodwa. I rotors we compressor kanye ophephela axhunyiwe nomunye isandla, beseyama amabombo.

Ahlelwe emhlabeni egumbini amandla omlilo of the compressor (isib 14 nama-PC.), Ngamunye kwezezindlu ayo ahlukene. Ukuze yokwemukela itheku compressor emoyeni kusukela igesi ophephela emoyeni basinda ngokusebenzisa ipayipi qeda. Ngokusekelwe enamandla igesi ophephela bezinhlamvu izisekelo, ibekwe afanako luhlaka olulodwa.

Umgomo we operation

Ngo kakhulu ukufaka igesi ophephela usebenzisa okuqhubekayo omlilo isimiso noma umjikelezo ovulekile:

• Ekuqaleni, uketshezi zokusebenza (emoyeni) akhishwa ngaphansi umfutho womoya compressor abafanele.
• Ngokulandelayo, emoyeni onomfutho a ingcindezi ephakeme futhi wathumela egumbini amandla omlilo.
• It is ihlinzekwa ngophethiloli okuyinto uyaphakama a ingcindezi njalo, ukuqinisekisa supply njalo ukushisa. Ngenxa omlilo of kukaphethiloli kwandisa izinga lokushisa komzimba ukusebenza.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, uketshezi ukusebenza (manje kuba igesi okuyinto inhlanganisela emoyeni futhi amandla omlilo imikhiqizo) ageleza eya samanzi igesi lapho inwebeka umfutho womoya, wenza umsebenzi ewusizo (uphendulela ophephela, edonsa amandla kagesi).
• Ngemva ophephela igesi kukhishelwa emkhathini lapho umjikelezo Kumsebenzi Kuvalwa.
• Umehluko phakathi ophephela kanye compressor bubonakala ne-generator kagesi wahlela umgodi esifana ngakho ophephela kanye compressor.

Onengqondo omlilo ngakanye

Ngokungafani isikimu odlule ezakhayo, ama-valve amabili asetshenziswa izitshalo amandla omlilo discontinuous esikhundleni esisodwa.

• I compressor iphampa emoyeni ekamelweni omlilo nge umphini wokuqala lapho valve yesibili ivaliwe.
• Lapho ukucindezela labashone egumbini amandla omlilo, umphini wokuqala ivaliwe. Umthamo egumbini ivaliwe.
• Lapho ivaliwe ngokwemvelo valve ashise fuel egumbini, amandla omlilo yayo senzeka ngevolumu njalo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-ukusebenza ingcindezi woketshezi okwengeziwe anda.
• Ngokulandelayo, valve yesibili ivulekile futhi uketshezi ukusebenza is yanikezwa ophephela igesi. Ingcindezi umfula we ophephela uzobe kancane kancane. Uma useduze umfutho womoya, valve yesibili kufanele ivalwe, futhi owokuqala ukuvula bese uphinda izinyathelo.

Cycle igesi eziphehla ugesi

Ukuphendukela ukugcwaliseka okungokoqobo kwezimiso umjikelezo thermodynamic, nabaqambi okwadingeka abhekane nabo eziningi zingenakunqobeka izithiyo lwezobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo ejwayelekile kakhulu: umusi nomswakama ezingaphezu kuka 8-12% ukulahlekelwa esigabeni ukugeleza we umusi ophephela inyuka ngokucijile, okwandisa imithwalo ashukumisayo, ukuguguleka komhlabathi kwenzeka. Lokhu ekugcineni kuholela ekubhujisweni ukugeleza ingxenye ophephela.

Ngenxa yalokho lezi ukulinganiselwa emandleni (umsebenzi) kabanzi ngakho kude ezimbili kuphela eziyisisekelo thermodynamic umjikelezo: umjikelezo Rankine futhi Brayton umjikelezo. Iningi izitshalo amandla esekelwe inhlanganisela yezinto lezi imijikelezo.

umjikelezo Rankine isetshenziselwa uketshezi ukusebenza, okuyinto ngesikhathi ukugcwaliseka umjikelezo bophezela isigaba inguqulelo ngaphansi ezifana umjikelezo ukusebenza ngamandla umusi isitshalo. Ngokuba izidumbu ukusebenza, okuyinto ayikwazi wafingqa emhlabeni wangempela, futhi esikubiza ushayele amagesi esetshenziswa Brayton umjikelezo. Ngokusho lokhu umjikelezo ukusebenza igesi abaphehla ugesi kanye yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini izinjini.

I-fuel esetshenziswa

Iningi igesi abaphehla ugesi zenzelwe ukuba uthonye igesi yemvelo. Ngezikhathi ezithile uphethiloli ketshezi isetshenziswa ephansi amandla izinhlelo (okungenani - ngokwesilinganiso, kakhulu akuvamile - obunamandla). A mkhuba omusha inguquko eba igesi compact ophephela izinhlelo zisebenzisa zokubasa okuqinile (amalahle, izingodo kanye Peat ngaphansi). Le mikhuba abahlangene yokuthi inqubo igesi sisetshenziselwa izinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa for zamakhemikhali umkhakha, ukusetshenziswa kwalo kaningi ingaphezu engabizi kuka-eneji. Ukukhiqizwa igesi abaphehla ugesi ezingaba isebenze kahle uphethiloli okuqinile, buthola umfutho.

DIC ngokungafani kuya GTU

Umehluko oyinhloko ka yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini negesi ophephela izinhlelo kanje. I yangaphakathi omlilo injini inqubo kokucindezelwa umoya, amandla omlilo futhi ukunwetshwa imikhiqizo amandla omlilo, kwenzeka kuzona ngokwazo isici esisodwa kwesakhiwo, ukubizwa ngokuthi injini isilinda. I GTU lezi izinqubo yenziwa ahlukene ISIZINDA kwesakhiwo:

• kokucindezelwa wenziwa ku compressor;
• amandla omlilo, ngokulandelana, e indawana ekhethekile;
• ekwandiseni imikhiqizo amandla omlilo wenziwa a ophephela igesi.

Ngenxa ezakhayo igesi abaphehla ugesi kanye amandla omlilo yangaphakathi injini kancane efanayo, nakuba umsebenzi imijikelezo efanayo thermodynamic.

isiphetho

With ukuthuthukiswa ongaphakeme-amandla, ukwandisa nekghono yayo igesi abaphehla ugesi kanye izinhlelo ezi ukumboza ingxenye lwanda jikelele uhlelo lukagesi emhlabeni. Ngakho, funa ezingasho umsebenzi othembisayo ngemishini igesi abaphehla ugesi. Ukulandela abalingani Western eziningana abakhiqizi Russian kahle ukukhiqizwa engabizi ophephela ukufaka uhlobo. Eyokuqala elihlangene ucime plant isizukulwane esisha ku Russian Federation isibe North-West Isikhungo esibhekele ukushisa nokufudumala Plant Petersburg.