Okumangalisayo umusi ophephela

Ubani "inhliziyo", ophilisa kakhulu indoda-mshini i yangaphakathi omlilo engine (ICE). Nokho, kwakungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Kusukela esikhathini esidlule ukwethula

Ngaphambi kwenkathi we yangaphakathi omlilo engine isikhathi eside, iyisisekelo intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kwaba ophephela umusi. Lokhu kunjalo ezingavamile lapho lo mshini kutholakala ukuthi kwaphumelela kangangokuthi siqhubeke ingasetshenziswa namuhla siqala nge eziningana ngcono. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi umbhangqwana akumelanga siphanjaniswe nge umusi abaphehla ugesi kanye nezimoto zakudala (esitimela efanayo). Banezinhliziyo zokusebenza isimiso ezahlukene, kanye nekusebenta akanakuqhathaniswa.

Intuthu ophephela. okusungulile

Kukholakala ukuthi okokuqala a ophephela enjalo athuthukiswe futhi zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-Swede metal P. uLaval. Emuva ngo-1889 kwaba khona isidingo injini ephumelelayo for isihlukanisi ubisi, ikhono ukudala ijubane ukujikeleza linemibhikisho okungenani 100 ngomzuzwana. Umgomo we operation the samanzi esicacile: asemoyeni eqondiswa eksisi isilinda ka ikhaba ibekwe lapho washaya indiza esishisa bhé umusi kusukela ngaphambili ngaphandle kwe isibilisi. Amandla bezikhali umbhangqwana siguqulelwa energy kinetic, okubangela uMbhalo ukujikisa. ULaval kunqunywa empirically ukuthi imiphumela emihle etholakala uma ukugeleza umusi ngeke basinde ngokuwela umlomo wombhobho Isigaxa emise, kunokuba amashubhu ngqo.

Nokho, i-eyaziwa umusi ophephela eyiNgisi C. A. Parsons. Waba sekuyahwalala parallel uLaval, kodwa hhayi kuphela ngcono, kodwa futhi ukuyichaza exhunywe kwi-generator kagesi (sibonelo we uhlelo lesimanje GD).

Ngo-1894, uJehova edala umkhumbi, eliqhutshwa injini kusekelwe a ophephela umusi (ngesivinini esiphezulu we mayelana 60 km / h). Umqondo kwaphumelela kangangokuthi ngemva 1900 iningi yempi ayenendawo izinjini efanayo.

isikhathi sethu

Yiqiniso, njengoba lo mshini futhi owokuqala imodeli umusi ophephela ibuyekeziwe, kanye nomklamo nemiphumela ethile engathandeki kuyaqedwa. Classical umusi ophephela simiso sihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili: a stator fixed Imibhobho esemzimbeni futhi iyunithi ujikelezisa Rotor (isilinda) nge izindwani lungaphansi izindlu zalo. Kuye isiqondiso umusi ezinyakazayo ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili ukwakhiwa Rotor - osabalalayo futhi Axial. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka kukhona Echoes izixazululo yasekuqaleni: baba umbhangqwana esiphelweni Vector perpendicular eksisi isilinda, kanye vanes kukhona parallel ke. Ohlangothini Axial umbhangqwana kuvumelana eksisi, futhi ujikeleza elakhiwe ngenxa ukuma olukhethekile izindwani.

Ukusetshenziswa kahle energy may ambalwa ukuwapheka ngesitimu kunokuwabilisa abaphehla ugesi nge amasilinda eziningana (multihull). Nokho, ngenxa yesimo nzima nokuba yinkimbinkimbi design asetshenziswa izixazululo ezinjalo lapho ukusetshenziswa kwabo umnotho kuthethelelwe. Sikakhiye housings kungenzeka akhiwe on a-eksisi ezivamile futhi athutha ezimele. Uhlelo zamanzi kanye diaphragms lungasebenzi okungavamile ohlelweni lonke (yangaphandle air eyanele, ukuvuza umusi ngokudlula degrees nokunye.).

Ukuthuthukiswa umusi samanzi technology

Emazingeni eliphansi ingcindezi umusi namandla ongaphakeme ophephela classical insufficiently ngempumelelo. Bona kwathathelwa indawo umshini umusi isikulufa. Lesi senzakalo Russian kuyinto kwemvelo engokwemvelo imodeli sokuqala. Ngaphakathi izindlu ahlelwe rotors nge iyizingxenye Helical. Isitimu engenayo igcwalisa isikhala phakathi kwamazinyo aso; ngezikulufo esilandelayo, kukhona inzuzo kanye eminye okuphakelayo izitobhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye umgodi we umusi ekhiqizwa unwetshiwe futhi lisebenza ukusebenza ukujikeleza Rotor isikulufa. Lo mklamo evumela ukusetshenziswa kangcono egcinwe amandla umusi.