Isimiso complementarity: okushiwo umqondo kanye nemithetho eyisisekelo zofuzo

Complementarity - lokhu impahla izakhiwo ezimbili zivumelana nomunye ngendlela ekhethekile.

complementarity isimiso uthola isicelo amazinga kahulumeni ahlukahlukene umsebenzi womuntu. Ngakho, ngokuyisisekelo complementarity enqubeni yokufunda izici esiqondile ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano abafundi nemibandela isihloko isikole isakhiwo. Emkhakheni lokusungula bomculo ihlobenenamanye izinkomba kanye kwamakhemikhali isimiso esebenzayo kuyinto ifaniswe izakhiwo kwezendawo molecule ezimbili ezihlukene, okungase kwenzeke phakathi kunenze nisondelane hydrogen kanye nokuxhumana aphakathi.

isimiso complementarity eziphilayo siphathelene kokuhambisana biopolymer molecule cezu zabo ezahlukene. Liqinisekisa kumiswa uxhumano ocacile phakathi kwabo (isib ekusebenzisaneni hydrophobic noma electrostatic ophakathi kwala maqembu obusebenzayo icala).

izingcezwana Ngakho aphelele kanye bophezela biopolymers hhayi covalent chemical yisibopho ukuxhumana lwezendawo ukuthi nomunye ukwakha izixhumanisi ababuthakathaka okuyinto ndawonye abe namandla okusezingeni eliphezulu, elibangela ekwakhekeni izakhiwo esitebeleni ngokwanele zishintshe. Kulokhu, umsebenzi okhanda amanye amathuba izinto luncike complementarity zabo Lesisemkhatsini ukusabela okhanda amanye amathuba.

Mangisho ukuthi kukhona inkolelo yokungafi ukuxhumana kwesakhiwo zezakhi ezimbili. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukuxhumana aphakathi kwamangqamuzana amaprotheni complementarity isimiso - kungenzeka ligand indlela nomunye kude eduze enikeza ukuthi kunokuhlobana okukhulu phakathi kwabo.

Umgomo we complementarity emkhakheni zofuzo ukukhathazeka ukufanisana (ukubuyelela kabili) ye-DNA. Ngamunye uchungechunge isakhiwo singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela isifanekiso ukuthi isetshenziswa synthesis imicu aphelele ukuthi esigabeni sokugcina ivumela ukuthola imifanekiso yaso yokuqala deoxyribonucleic acid. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi izisekelo nitrogen, lapho i-adenine sibopha ukuthi thymine, futhi i-guanine ne - ne-cytosine kuphela.

Oligo futhi polynucleotides elisekela nitrogen yakha okuhambisanayo pair izakhiwo - T-A (A-U e-RNA) noma i-D-C ukusabela ezimbili imicu of acid nucleic. Lomgomo ka complementarity kudlala indima enkulu ekuqinisekiseni inqubo eliyisisekelo wesitoreji nokudluliselwa kolwazi zofuzo. Ngakho, Ukubuyelela kabili ye-DNA phakathi cell division, i-DNA engaphakathi le RNA umbhalo inqubo okwenzeka lapho zamagama amaprotheni kanye nokulungiswa izinqubo (ukunciphisa) umonakalo DNA emva kokuba awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ukuhambisana nalesi simiso.

Lapho yimuphi ukushayisana ukuxhumana ngokuqinile predetermined phakathi izingxenye ezibalulekile zishintshe ezahlukene emzimbeni nokuba zokugula okuyinto emtholampilo wabonakaliswa nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo. Abakwazi zidlulele inzalo noma ukuthi awahambisani ukuphila.

- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuhlaziyweni ezibalulekile kusekelwe isimiso komplementaranosti PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Nge imitshina ngezakhi zofuzo ukubona DNA noma RNA kwamagciwane ahlukahlukene noma ezithathelwanayo izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane e indoda, esiza linqume ukwelashwa ngokuvumelana lesion omsakazo.