Emisebeni Alpha

Olunye uhlobo emisebeni yenuzi, okubhekisele utholakala cishe kuwo wonke aziwa ngayo ngaleso sikhathi ukuba zinhlobo isayensi kanye nezinhlobo amagagasi, izinhlayiya, i-alpha emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni. Umthombo zalesi simo uba (eyenga) i-radioactivity zemvelo noma eyayenziwe wadala. Uhlobo radioactivity ukuthi ukuqaliswa wabe angesabi ngokuthi radioactivity yemvelo futhi "amalungu" alo - nucleus ye-engazinzile zokuxhumana zangaphakathi phakathi izinhlayiya zokucathula nucleus. Ngokwesibonelo, nuclei izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi enemisebe ezifana uranium noma Radium-235 kungaba angesabi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana-alpha, beta-gamma izinhlayiya. Ngakho, kukhona kanye nezinhlobo emisebeni yenuzi:-alpha-radiation, beta ngemisebe-gamma-emisebeni.

Nokho, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-alpha izinhlayiya okulula ingozi zomzimba womuntu ngoba kokuba isivinini sezingeni eliphezulu, kufanele iphansana angena ikhono. Lokhu akukwazi kushiwo okufanayo ngezinye izinhlobo izinhlayiya - positrons, ama-electron, izinhlayiya beta, okuyinto abe okukhulu amandla ezingaba, ngakho-ke, angena kakhudlwana. Njengoba ephezulu imvamisa imisebe, gamma izinhlayiya, abe eliphezulu kakhulu Ukungena ikhono futhi ezisongela ukuphila.

Kafushane, emisebeni-alpha - uhlobo emisebeni ionizing, okuyinto ukusakaza nokuguqulwa noma iqondiswe izinhlayiya kahle icala kokuba Isivinini esiphakeme futhi eningi amandla ezingaba khona.

Ngokusekelwe ezitholakalayo okwamanje usuku ulwazi emkhakheni zenuzi amandla, i-main imithombo-alpha emisebeni ye kukhona isotopes enemisebe izidakamizwa babe Ngokuwa impahla ngenxa yobuthakathaka izibopho atomic ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana-alpha izinhlayiya enqubeni lokhu kwamazinyo.

Njengoba sekushiwo, isici esiyinhloko-alpha emisebeni ye, okuyinto uwahlukanise kwezinye izinhlobo emisebeni yenuzi, ngamandla azo iphansana eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini. Lo mphumela alichaza yokuthi izinhlayiya abe ngesivinini, ngakhoke ionization indlela abafuna ukunqoba ngokushesha okukhulu. Endleleni, "elandelayo" izinhlayiya-alpha bayakwazi ukudala nabaningi ion akha yena, a eliphezulu ionization kwabantu.

Ukuba khona nje ionization ukuminyana esikhulu inquma ukusebenza yemvelo-alpha-radiation, okuyinto cishe ngokuphindwe kashumi obukhulu kunobukaJohane yabonakala ka -X-ray ngemisebe. Lezo ku umzimba womuntu kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi ngenxa ngesivinini endleleni ku ubuso bayo kungenzeka ukusha. Uma-alpha-izinhlayiya uthole ngaphakathi emzimbeni, isib, ngomlomo noma evulekile izilonda, base zasakazekela umzimba womuntu ngosizo ukugeleza kwegazi. Kulokhu kukhona ngemisebe yangaphakathi.

Lo mphumela ivumela sebenzisa i-alpha emisebeni ye ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene izinqubo okuthiwa yokwelapha-alpha.

engokoqobo futhi amakhemikhali lomkhuba-alpha emisebeni wukuthi athomu ezivezwa ukudlula-alpha izinhlayiya ngokushesha okukhulu usebenzisa amandla ayo engaba, ngemva kwalokho la ma-athomu siguqulelwa abavamile kakhulu helium ama-athomu. Ngakho, singase sikwazi ukukhuluma mayelana nenqubekela ezicutshini begazi umzimba womuntu ukusabela radiochemical. Lezi ukusabela avumele ukusetshenziswa kwe-alpha emisebeni ye ngezinhloso zokwelapha, ngoba kwakheka ngokuhamba isotopes - Radon, thoron, unesikhathi esifushane zokuphila kwakhe futhi awukwazi kubangele umonakalo omningi emzimbeni kuhambisana esungulwe esilinganisweni esiphephile nezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha.

Izinqubo main ngesikhathi yokwelapha-alpha zihlanganisa isabelo Radon okugeza, ukusebenza enemisebe-alpha-licindezele ezindaweni ezithintekile komzimba, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi Radon, ephefumula umoya Radon-ocebile.

Lezi zinqubo nethonya elihle ku-izinhlelo sezinzwa futhi senhliziyo, babe analgesic nomphumela eqeda ukuvuvukala.

Njengoba baziwa izikhungo lapho wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo yokwelapha-alpha ngezinjongo zokwelapha yilezi zokungcebeleka of Pyatigorsk, Tskhaltubo, Brambach nakwezinye izindawo lapho kukhona imithombo yemvelo Radon.