element ngayinye uyakwazi ukwakha into elula ukuba esimweni khulula. Kuleli zinga, ukunyakaza kwama-atom ziyafana, zingabantu izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. Esikhathini izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi isimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kangakanani. Izibopho zamakhemikhali kuleli cala, quin, yezinhlayiya eziyinkimbinkimbi e compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi kwakhiwa izibopho covalent.
Asho namachibi
Kukhona compounds okuzofakwa kuyo electron kuthiwa Ukuboshelwa basakaza ngangokunokwenzeka, isb ngesikhathi kumiswa izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi electron Valence ukuhambisa kusuka athomu athomu. Kuyinto lokhu ukusatshalaliswa engalingani izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuthi namachibi noma namachibi. Kwamiswa ophethe i-athomu e-molecule ngokuthi degree of namachibi izici. Kuye uhlobo ukudluliswa electron kusukela athomu eyodwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi ngezinga negative noma positive. Kunoma yikuphi, isinqumo ukubuya isici athomu electron eziningana elakhiwe ngokulandelana emihle nemibi isimo namachibi chemical izakhi (E E + noma -). Ngokwesibonelo, omunye irekhodi K kusho athomu potassium uthumela omunye electron. Kunoma organic kwakwakhe emaphakathi hlala la ma-athomu carbon. I valency timphawu oluhambisana 4-m kunoma iyiphi kwakwakhe, kodwa ehlukene carbon compounds ngezinga namachibi kuzohluka, kuyoba ulingana -2, +2, ± 4. Lo muzwa esizalwa nawo ezahlukene Valence amagugu kanye nezinga namachibi is ebonwe cishe kunoma iyiphi ngokuhlanganyela.
Icacisa degree of namachibi
Ukuze sithole degree of namachibi, kubalulekile ukwazi postulates ayisisekelo. Izinsimbi abakwazi ngezinga elithile lokususa, kodwa zikhona ezehlukile ezingavamile lapho metal yakha kwakwakhe ne metal. Ngo inombolo yezikhathi iqembu uhlelo zama-athomu oluhambisana aphakeme isimo namachibi kungenzeka: carbon, i-oksijini, i-hydrogen, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye ilungu. athomu Electronegative nge ukufuduka ekusitaneni bodvwana electron athomu ithola ophethe -1, -2, njll electron ezimbili Lo mthetho awusebenzi ngoba la ma-athomu efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, zokuxhumana HH kuyoba ulingana 0. Ukuxhumana C-H = -1. I degree of namachibi we-carbon ku-C-D = + 2. Omunye futhi ukubaluleka efanayo insimbi kukhona amaqembu lokuqala nelesibili kohlelo gqwa fluoro (-1). Kulelizinga hydrogen cishe zonke compounds kuyinto ukubeka +1 ngaphandle hydrides lapho -1. Ukuze izakhi kokuba ngezinga non-njalo, kungenzeka ukubala, ngokwazi enkompolo ifomula. I oyisisekelo, othi isamba degrees kunoma iyiphi molecule 0.
Isibonelo kubalwa degree of namachibi
Cabangela izibalo degree of namachibi ukuba carbon e Isibonelo CH3CL kwakwakhe. Thatha imininingo eyotholakala: degree of hydrogen kuyinto +1, y chlorine -1. Ukuze kube lula, siyakuphila lokucabanga x kubalwa degree of namachibi carbon. Khona-ke, i-CH3CL kuzokwenzeka kwesibalo x + 3 * (+ 1) + (- 1) = 0. Buciko imisebenzi elula izibalo, ke kungaba azimisele ukuthi lokuphuma phambili okumisiwe namachibi carbon kuyoba +2. Le ndlela ungakwazi ukwenza ukubalisa kube for element ngayinye ku kwakwakhe eziyinkimbinkimbi.