Umlando kohwebo

Namuhla ibhizinisi ingenye imisebenzi enenzuzo kakhulu. Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kuwo wonke umuntu, kwaba yimpumelelo, kodwa, nokho, basinda nezikhathi ezinzima namanje sisekhona. Yayiyini izigaba main Ukuthuthuka kohwebo?

osomabhizinisi endulo

Lo msebenzi waqala ukuthuthukisa kanye nobudlelwane lezimpahla-imali. Futhi ezikhathini zasendulo Ephakathi igama elithi "kwezamabhizinisi" is more liphathelene ukuhweba. Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu ngiye ngazuza inkazimulo umthengisi lokuqala abaseFenike, kusekelwe ogwini lweMediterranean kukhona amakoloni eziningi. Ukuvela njengoba settlement ukuhweba, ikoloni ekugcineni baba uthi ezimele futhi alinqoba izindawo ezinkulu. Isibonelo esiyinhloko kungaba eCarthage, waba namandla enamandla iMedithera. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umlando kwezamabhizinisi eyayihambisana nezinye izibonelo ukuhweba asebenzayo. YamaGreki asendulo, owaba hhayi amatilosi ngaphansi abanamakhono kuka abaseFenike adayiswa ne emazweni ahlukahlukene eMpumalanga kanye amakoloni yayo ehlakazekile ngasogwini ngamazwe aseMedithera nase Black iziLwandle. Kusukela amakoloni prichernomorskih eGreece wathola wax, isikhumba, uju, ummbila, Imfuyo. Kusukela Afrika zalethwa lendlovu. Egypt enikeziwe elinemishwe, iCarthage enikeziwe amatshe. AmaGreki babengabahwebi idume newayini namafutha omnqumo.

Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi isakhiwo kwezomnotho impucuko yasendulo kungenziwa ngokuthi i-Capitalist. Phela, sekube yangasese impahla kanye lezimpahla-imali ubudlelwane kanye nokuthengiswa ukuze ukungeniswa. Kodwa nokudlanga ophoqelelwe, labour senceku kanye ne-capitalism ayilingani.

Ngu abathengisi nezingcweti zemisebenzi yezandla - osomabhizinisi

Umlando yebhizinisi ihlanganisa Ephakathi. Lapha, i-main Ngenxa ebhizinisi umsebenzi, nabo bebekhona imisebenzi kwezohwebo. abathengisi sidilizwa Russian ababeshumayela ukuhweba nge eByzantium, ukuphuma khezekheze iwayini ngesiGreki, okuyinto bathandile ukusebenzisa izikhulu Kievan. Futhi ihwebelana eMpumalanga amakoloni YesiGreki eCrimea. Ukuze osomabhizinisi e-Russia, njengoba e-United lasendulo, singasho sithi, kanye netingcweti temsebenti. Phela, nabo basuke, efana abathengisi abasebenze yena ukukhiqiza izimpahla, wenza ukumaketha kwabo, ukutshala izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemishini.

Ngo ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu, i-abahwebi nezazi zobungcweti siqale ukudala Izinyunyana zabo, ababebizwa ngokuthi ama-e-trade zezentengiselwano kanye izikebhe - izitolo. Ngaphandle kulezi zinhlangano, umlando kwezamabhizinisi ubuyoba ongaphelele. Izinyunyana, ezifana Hansa eJalimane ephakathi, ekugcineni baba yinhlangano enamandla, uhlobo isimo phakathi isimo. Isitolo, iqaphe izinga imikhiqizo kanye namanani, futhi kamuva waba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukuvela amabhizinisi lokuqala isicebi - izimboni, lapho amakhosi izolo baye babe amakhosi kanye journeymen - abasebenzela inkokhelo. Nokho, kwakungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi: inhlangano ngokuvamile inhlangano uyawuthiya ukuthuthukiswa kohwebo kuphela. Phela izitolo ayengenandaba iyiphi iyehla iyenyuka intengo yomkhiqizo, noma ukwethulwa ezintsha ukuthi ngcono ukukhiqiza.

ibhizinisi obusa

Ekugcineni, nangale ukuhweba ibhizinisi bafika ekupheleni Ephakathi. Eqinisweni, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqala umlando kwezamabhizinisi umuzwa wethu ezivamile. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIV kukhona manufactory lokuqala - ibhizinisi, lapho zonke izigaba ukukhiqizwa esetshenziswa inhlukano abasebenzi zabasebenzi. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu e ibhizinisi ngenkuthalo bazibandakanye izikhulu abahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni lezimpahla, zizalela imvu noma izitshalo ezikhulayo. XVI ekhulwini angabhekwa ukubukeka izinkampani lokuqala okuhlangene isitokwe, ezifana, isibonelo, njengoba inkampani eMoscow-based, elisungulwe eNgilandi ukuhweba neRussia. Ekupheleni XVII ekhulwini ngesisekelo okuhlangene isitokwe wadala amabhange kuqala.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII, isigaba esisha ekuthuthukiseni womsebenzi ebhizinisi. Kukhona ifektri lokuqala, lapho ukusetshenziswa imishini kwandisa umkhiqizo futhi kunciphise nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Ayenziwa futhi ifomu okuhlangene isitokwe yenhlangano amabhizinisi, okuyinto enomthelela ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amakhulu. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye, ubudlelwane kosozimali ekugcineni baba evelele ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe.

Umlando ibhizinisi is hhayi kuqeda. Lo msebenzi iyaqhubeka ikhula futhi manje. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuqhuba ibhizinisi yabo, ikakhulukazi esikhaleni post-Soviet, ezinzima, ibhizinisi azinakho angasathandwa yayo abantu abaningi.