Izinguquko sikaPeter Omkhulu kanye nendima yabo ekuthuthukiseni isimo

Esikhathini elincane isikhathi uPetru wakwazi ukuletha isimo isiRashiya ababevela izithunzi - sibonga kwekuhlela kabusha kwakhe, Russia isibe omunye amandla ehola enkundleni zokuphila emhlabeni. Kwasekusithi emva kusungulwa izinguquko ezithinta cishe zonke ekuphileni amaqembu (ikakhulukazi abathintekayo izinguquko kwezomnotho sikaPeter Omkhulu).

Kuhlelwa kabusha uPetru ukuguqulwa akhathalela ngokuyinhloko ukulawula central. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Boyar Duma uyekwa futhi esikhundleni yihhovisi Umakhelwane sika, okuyinto saqanjwa Izikhonzi Consilium e 1708.

Iphuzu olandelayo kwaba ukwakha uhlu izinguquko iSigele (e 1711), elaba eziphakeme kakhulu kohulumeni ejensi. Yena uye wahlanganyela zomthetho, tekuphatsa kanye zokwahlulela izindaba.

Izinguquko sikaPeter-yalolucwaningo 1718-1720. iqedwe imithetho nzima kangaka futhi ongenakunyakaziswa, angena ekolishi - eyayiyikho khona 11: College of Foreign Affairs ophethe izindaba inqubomgomo angaphandle; Ibhodi lempi elawula wonke amabutho ezweni lonke; Admiralty IBhodi, ukulahla lasolwandle; Berg ibhodi wahlanganyela embonini yezimayini; Collegium Wezobulungiswa olawule enkantolo civil kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu, njll

Ingabe futhi olungasho okuthile Isinqumo ku primogeniture, esasayinwa ngo-1714, uPeter Omkhulu. Reform zazimi kanje: Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti izicukuthwane izigodi ayesengaphansi alinganayo izigodi boyar, kanye nokwethulwa esinqumweni wayalwa, lapho kubhujiswa imingcele phakathi elite yezizwana ahlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje akukho mehluko phakathi boyars nezwe zasebukhosini. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, ngo-1722, uPetru wambizela simo, okuyinto ekugcineni kusulwe imingcele ephakathi entsha kanye Izicukuthwane ubudala futhi equalized ngokugcwele kubo.

Ngo 1708, ukuqinisa apharathasi samandla ukwandisa ithonya lawo laqanjwa kabusha Regional: izwe sehlukaniswe ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalombili. isiphelo sako okunengqondo kwaba izinguquko ezisemadolobheni ukuphathwa: kukhona imizi kakhulu, futhi ngokufanelekile, inani labantu liye landa (ekupheleni wokubusa uPeter Omkhulu basemadolobheni amancane namakhulu wahlala abantu abayizinkulungwane 350 ngokwesilinganiso). Futhi indlela yokwakheka kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni kwaba eziyinkimbinkimbi: the main okuyingxenye babe ababazi elincane, abantu pasad, abahwebi kanye osomabhizinisi.

Lapho uPetru kuqala ngokugcwele ligcwaliswe inqubo ukuguqulwa yesonto - izinguquko sikaPeter Okokuqala yaba evelele embusweni isikhungo ilawulwe namagunya aphakeme samandla wokuziphilisa. Ngemva kokufa uMbhishobhi Omkhulu u-Adrian King wenqabile ukubamba ukhetho umbhishobhi omkhulu omusha, omema kungalindelekile uqale iMpi Northern. Headed patriarsheskogo sobukhosi waqokwa Stefan Yavorsky. Ngemva Elikhulu Northern neMpi, uPetru waqeda sabefundisi ngokuphelele. Ukulawula zonke ezindabeni zesonto futhi waphathiswa ibhodi ezingokomoya, emva kokuba uhulumeni uqambe kabusha isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto, okuyinto siguqulwe ngokuphelele isonto libe ukwesekwa enamandla absolutism Russian.

Kodwa ushintsho olukhulu guqula sikaPeter Omkhulu ayenokuhlangenwe eziningi izinkinga, main zazo kokuqina ka serfdom kanye nokuthuthukiswa ubushiqela.