Existentialism - okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi zobuntu

Ifilosofi existentialism isibe omunye imisinga edume kunazo zonke, ukhombise impilo futhi enethonya besikhathi sethu. Kusekelwe antiscientism, okwenza kucace ukuthi ifilosofi okunengqondo akakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo eminingi, wamane safinyelela kwangqingetshe, ngakho sekuyisikhathi ukuhambisa umbono wakho indoda, izinkinga zakhe futhi ukuphila.

Lokhu kuthambekela awuqala 20s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili e-Germany. Ngokushesha ngemva umphakathi neMpi Yezwe ngase ngivuka ngamehlo amasha ngesikhathi khona yomuntu, izinkinga zakhe. Kunezindawo ezimbili: existentialism zenkolo futhi yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Le filosofi yaphikiswa eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma okunengqondo, lapho indaba nje kuphela othile ongumuntu kubhekwe. Existentialism kufanele umzabalazo ungubani.

mkhuba zefilosofi cishe kanyekanye eladabuka Germany, France, Russia, kuqinisekiswa ngemisebenzi yesayensi zefilosofi kulawo mazwe. Kodwa amaJalimane baba amaphayona, emibhalweni Heidegger futhi Jaspers athuthukile existentialism French. EJalimane, kwathiwa usuthathwe imithombo ngemibono ekuchazeni nencazelo. France yayimelelwe imisinga ezimbili nje: zenkolo futhi yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Eyokuqala Gabriel Marcel, kanti eyesibili - Camus futhi Sartre.

"Existentialism - a zobuntu" - isazi sefilosofi French owaziwa mqondo Sartre sika, okwenza uyazibuza ukuthi lokhu ngempela. Uma izishoshovu zenkolo wazama ukuthola belahlekelene Nkulunkulu, ukuba Abasunduzani le nezimfundiso ubudala ngo kohlaka entsha, abaphikiNkulunkulu ngokuyinhloko njengesenzo ubuntu ezizimele ngaphandle izakhiwo amasiko nezenhlalo. isiqondiso uNkulunkulu ukhona nokuthi uzama ukuphikisa ukuthambekela ebhubhisayo bokubanga sendoda engenabantu nobuntu.

Ngo-1946, ngokokuqala ngqa wanyathelisa incwadi ka "existentialism - a zobuntu" Sartre sika. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, kodwa singashi ngempela zibhaliwe izikhathi eziningana, ngoba ngendlela kufinyeleleke ubeka isisekelo njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi futhi umbono wombhali. Umqondo existentialism wukuthi indoda umuntu ufa enesizungu kakhulu, futhi ngesisekelo salokhu, ukuthuthukisa ezihlukahlukene ukwesaba, okuyinto okwamanje ivulekile. It kuvela ukuthi umuntu ekhona kuphela ukuba kuleli zwe.

Emsebenzini walo, Sartre wazama ukuphendula umbuzo, existentialism - kuyinto zobuntu noma enye into, bexoxa ukuxoxa nomunye, lezi imisinga ezimbili. abameleli Ezivelele zobuntu kubhekwe Petrarch, Dante, Boccaccio. Bathi ivela womuntu kwengqondo anthropocentrism, sicabangela njengoba ukubaluleka umuntu, futhi kuyinto zobuntu. Okuwukuphela ukuthi abangaphansi abantu amandla angaphezu kwawabantu kanye Kuhlukanisa kubo kusukela ngokwabo.

Existentialism - a eziqondene nezidingo zomuntu, kodwa ekhethekile. Lapha indima esemqoka udlalwa hhayi umuntu ngokwakhe, kodwa into transtsendentiruyuschee ngokwabo emhlabeni, ezama ukufeza imigomo ethile, nokuphakama, njalo iqhubekela phambili futhi ngifuna the best. Existentialism kusekelwe ezibambe efanayo eziqondene nezidingo zomuntu, kodwa kungcono ukuba eduze kokuba abantu. Into esemqoka lapha - ukufeza kungenzeka eliphakeme. Wonke umuntu unokuthile okuyigugu, umgomo oyinhloko lokusamele kwentiwe. Ngakho-ke, singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi existentialism namanje zobuntu.