Ukuthembeka - iyona ... nokwethenjelwa lobuchwepheshe. ukuphepha isici

Umuntu namuhla akusho bacabanga ukuthi ukhona, ngaphandle izindlela ezehlukene zokwenza lokhu ukuthi lula ukuphila futhi kwenze kube kuphephe kakhulu. Noma yimuphi umshini esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko zenani ngokuthi baphephile. Lokhu izinga ngokuyinhloko ethathwe nezinye izakhiwo - nokwethenjelwa.

Futhi kuyini na? Njengoba kahle, igama elithi imele? Futhi lokho ukuthini ngempela? Ake ukubhekana!

definition

Ngakho, ukuthembeka - yikhono ukulondoloza into oyifunayo izakhiwo kanye nezici technical okwesikhathi esithile sesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sici ugcizelela ikhono asindise bonke izinga isethi phakathi zokuthutha kanye / noma, izimo ezinzima kakhulu.

Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuthembeka - ngumqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi ayikwazi kuchazwe kafushane. Ikakhulukazi, inqubo yencazelo ngenhla landiswa imiqondo eziningana ezihlobene eduze komunye nomunye. Ake sibheke ngamunye wabo.

On nokwethenjelwa lobuchwepheshe

Ngo ubuchwepheshe, ukuthembeka kungenziwa waqaphela kuphela into elanelisa izimfuneko ezine ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma kunalokho, inezici kumele zibangelwa izici yayo kanye nezimpahla. Ukwenza kube lula ukuqonda le ncazelo, sethula uhlu kubo:

• Njengoba sishilo, nokwethenjelwa - ikhono ukwenza phezu kwesikhathi esithile ikhipha esivela umsebenzi zedivayisi. Ngokwesibonelo, motor kagesi Kumelwe uzidle imali kahle ichazwe amandla futhi ahlinzeke ijubane isethi ngokushintshana. Uma siqhubeka le timu, ke ugesi uhlelo Kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukunikeza voltage lesifanele, ogama value kungaba kuphela buhluka imikhawulo kuvinjelwe kakhulu.
• Ekwenzeni imisebenzi umsebenzi kufanele kwenzeke kuphela imikhawulo yetheknoloji zabekwa etafuleni ngenjongo ngumkhiqizi kudivayisi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza injini iyadingeka ngaphansi kwezimo zendawo ukuthi musa iholele ekubhujisweni kwaso.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kudingeka operation esitebeleni ezimweni enothuli izakhiwo, lolu cingo kufanele ukuhlinzeka it in nje isikhawu ngangokunokwenzeka. Qaphela ukuthi lokhu futhi zonke izici ezingenhla nokwethenjelwa edingekayo ukuze uqalise.
• Into, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kudingeka ukuba bakwazi ukugcina konke izici zayo lobuchwepheshe, hhayi kuphela e-isikhundla zokusebenza, kodwa futhi uphumule. Ngakho, injini imoto kumele (kunemibandela ethile) ukuba balungele ukusebenzisa, ngisho noma imoto phambi kwalo wema isibhakela izinyanga eziningi noma ngisho iminyaka.

iziphetho zesikhashana

Ngakho, ukuthembeka - lena izinga kubaluleke kakhulu kwanoma iyiphi into. It akunakusetshenziswa ayikwazi ukuba ukuphikiswa noma ixutshwe nezinye imiqondo qualitative. Ngokwesibonelo, isitshalo ukuze kwelashwe kwekhabhoni zezimboni angase angabi muhle kakhulu intengo, yikhono layo isicupho particulates kusukela emoyeni kuze kufike komkhulu wabo kungenzeka ngobuningi. Yilokho nje akukho lwazi mayelana esingakanani izici idatha zingagcinwa, ukuthenga yayo kuyingozi kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile yalutho.

Kunalokho, e ezibekiweko idivayisi kungenzeka mass ulwazi mayelana nokwethenjelwa, kodwa hhayi igama elilodwa ngalokho ncamashi izici ke anazo. Ngakho, incazelo nokwethenjelwa kuzomele sifake kuzo zonke lezi zinto.

abanye-add-on

Kuye injongo nokwethenjelwa into - emagama lafanako nokwethenjelwa, maintainability, ihlala isikhathi eside. Kufanele kuqondwe ngokucacile ukuthi le mfanelo ibonwa ngokuthatha kuphela ku-akhawunti izimfanelo into uqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sithatha inzwa okungapholi e zezindlu esivaliwe, nokwethenjelwa yikhono ulondoloze impilo yabo elinikeziwe isikhawu sesikhathi ngokuhlola ke. Kalula nje, uma le divayisi izosebenza ngaphandle ukwehluleka ezingu-12 ngesikhathi isiqinisekiso yonyaka, kufanele siqaphele njengoba okunokwethenjelwa ngokwanele.

Nokho, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho ezithile imithetho enjalo esiqinile. Khumbula ukuthi thina Besakhuluma imoto ku ukongiwa? Kulokhu, nokwethenjelwa - hhayi bekhuluma izwi "ukuthembeka", okusho i sokuqala ngokushesha yenjini, futhi "nempilo ende" futhi "maintainability". Akekho sokuthi injini uzoqala ngokushesha, futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga azosebenza.

Esinokwethenjelwa amandla plant yibhange ukumelana isitoreji (nezimo ucishe efanelekayo) futhi ukwazi ukusebenza ngemva kwanoma iyiphi imisebenzi yesondlo. Ngakho, ukuqinisekisa nokwethenjelwa - uhlu izinyathelo ezidingekile, okuyinto yenzelwa okwandisa amathuba elingenazinkinga, ekusebenzeni imishini, izinhlelo kanye wonke izakhiwo zezimboni.

Ezimweni eziningi, kubaluleke kakhulu yikhono zedivayisi wasukuma ukuze umnqamulajuqu yayo wokusebenza ngaphandle ezibangela ukubhalelwa kuziphendulela ngefanelo ezinkulu kanye nokugcinwa kunesidingo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi osebenza nalezo zinto kumele eziqhutshwa ngayo ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.

Yini okufanele uholwe ekuhloleni ukuthembeka into?

Njengomthetho, abakhiqizi siholwa GOST 27.002-89 "Ukuthembeka ubuciko. Concepts. Izincazelo", kusukela lapho zihlobene cishe yonke imiqondo ngokuthembeka yokutholwa imikhakha yezobuchwepheshe nezezimboni kazwelonke. Nokho, lesi simiso ihlanganisa hhayi zonke imiqondo, kodwa ngoba ngezinye izikhathi senza incazelo.

Ngokushesha cabangela izinhlobo nokwethenjelwa. isayensi lwanamuhla lubonisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela:

• Nokuqina isici, into system.
• Ukuzinza eziyinkimbinkimbi iyonke.

Lezi imiqondo kungukuthi nje uxhumeke, kodwa kufanele flow ngokunengqondo komunye nomunye. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi sicabanga leli gama ngokuvamile, kube nekucondza ngalokufanako.

nemiqondo eyisisekelo nokwethenjelwa theory: into isici futhi uhlelo

Into uhlobo lomkhiqizo lobuchwepheshe okumele ukugadwa kusuka esigabeni design ekuthunyelweni kumthengi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphansi kwalesi definition kuhlanganisa izici hhayi kuphela umuntu, kodwa futhi izinhlelo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi: imishini, amabhilidi, izakhiwo kwezakhiwo kanye izinhlelo zezimboni.

Ngakho, uhlelo libhekisela iqoqo lezinto zixhunywe abanye umsebenzi ezivamile ukuthi kumele enze. elementi Kuyefana kungenziwa ukuyichaza, okuthiwa amancane, ingxenye ebalulekile into kokuba imisebenzi ethize. element ngayinye eceleni incike kahle futhi waba nokwethenjelwa lobuchwepheshe lonke uhlelo bebonke.

Zonke imiqondo lawa isihlobo ngempela, ngoba kungabonwa yiwo wodwa. Yingakho kwezinye into ucwaningo angabhekwa uhlelo (njengoba ngokwawo iqoqo izakhi), noma kungaba isici esihlukile uma kubhekwa ezinkulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi workstation akude.

Ngamafuphi nje, konke kuncike ngezinga liyadingeka kucatshangelwe ezifundweni. Yilokhu uthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela nokwethenjelwa, okuyinto manje eside kusukela kwavela njengenhlangano legatsha ezimele futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zesayensi.

Ubudlelwano phakathi komuntu umshini

Abantu abasebenzela opharetha kwemishini ukukhiqizwa izindawo nazo izakhi ahlukene amasistimu. Basuke exhunywe nomunye futhi nge izindlela. Systems basebenzisane ngesikhathi sangempela. Ibonisa ubuqotho babo nokufakazela nokwethenjelwa siwukuba nobuhlobo okucacile phakathi timphawu tesakhiwo kanye lezinto nomunye.

On the uthi kungenzeka bento

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi into ngayinye ngesikhathi esinikeziwe kungahle esimweni esithile. Kuyinto kusukela kule kuncike nemingcele ethile nokwethenjelwa. Ake zibhale:

• zisesimweni esihle. Kulokhu, into kuyavumelana ngokuphelele nalo lonke nemingcele zokulawula, okuhlanganiswayo kuwo ngumkhiqizi.
• Engesiyo kuyaqapheleka uma okungenani eyodwa yalezi nemingcele akusho ihlangabezana nemithetjhwana ezibekiweko kusengaphambili.
• Isimo impilo into ongenza yonke imisebenzi yawo esemqoka, futhi ukubaluleka izinkomba kusungulwa kuyoba ngaphakathi amazinga obuchwepheshe. Khumbula ukuthi idivayisi engaphelele iqalwe, kodwa akakwazi ngokuthi tekusebenta nokwethembeka amamethrikhi ngeke kancane kancane ukunqabela aze abe ilingane no-zero.
• Siphela kanjalo isikhathi sokuphumula - isimo lapho into singahlangabezani babeka phansi imithetho yakhe lobuchwepheshe, futhi ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo ngokupheleleko. Ukuthembeka kuleli cala, ingxoxo ingahambi nhlobo.

Umkhawulo isimo nokwethenjelwa

Lapho ekhuluma ukuthembeka izinhlelo lobuchwepheshe, ukubaluleka okukhulu umqondo isimo mkhawulo. Kafushane, isimo okuthiwa lapho ukusebenza obengeziwe umshini noma idivayisi iba esingavumelekile kanye / noma kungenzeki nhlobo. Isimo esifana kwenzeka ngenxa ukwehluleka noma okuvela iyiphi sina impahla ukukhubazeka ukungezwani. Ngakho, noma imuphi umzamo wokuthola msebenzi kungase kuphele ukuhluleka, njengoba idivayisi kungenzeka luntengantenge bese uyivala.

Izimpawu nokukhawulela isimo usungula umakhi, lapho ulwazi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi into e enamathiselwe ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe. Njalo ngonyaka kuba nokukhula okungu jikelele esingazethemba ngenxa izinqubo enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza, kodwa yonke idatha nomkhiqizi hlinzeka, eyicela umthengi.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile isimo nokukhawulela?

Njengoba sishilo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili lezinto:

• Restorable ngokuthi element kabani ukusebenza kungenziwa siphinde sisebenze ngokugcwele, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
• Ngakho, into-non-ukuyithola ukusebenza eyodwa okuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuvuselela. Kunoma yikuphi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

Ukuze isigaba ngasinye, kukhona ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile, okungase ngokuqiniseka ukuxilonga isimo nokukhawulela. Yiqiniso, ukuthembeka izinhlelo zamakhono Kulokhu beyoba ezahlukene: uma (ohlelweni) siqukethe into eyodwa, engesiyo amenable ukuba imisebenzi nokuvuselelwa, ukusebenza linokwethenjelwa kuyoba zero. Uma into singasetshenziswa kulungiswa (noma esikhundleni ngomunye ezingeke kwalungisa) izibalo ngempela ababuyisele evamile.

Kepha izinto ezingeke kwalungisa ke isimo umkhawulo ngabo eza nje lapho sikhathele siyingcuba sewaranti noma eminye imithombo, okuyinto yasungulwa ngumkhiqizi. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana nentuthuko we ovumelekile esiphezulu lapho ukusebenza eminye zedivayisi iba ngokungenangqondo yingozi. Kwezinye izimo, le ebalisisiwe ukuphepha isici. Formula ke ulula:

ki = li / lb

Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani okushiwo eziguquguqukayo:

• li - inani eliphelele izinga ukwehluleka;
• lb - ingxenye ukwehluleka.

Thina ukubala izinga ukwehluleka

Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa kwesibalo ezilandelayo:

l (i) = n (t) / (NT * Dut)

• l (t) - inani eliphelele bounces.
• NT - inombolo isilinganiso izakhi ohlelweni.
• n (t) - isibalo ukwehluleka phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.
• Dut - yokutholwa njengenhlangano Axiom ubude besikhathi lapho ziphathise lonke inani nezinkinga uhlelo.

Okubalulekile! Inkomba ye inani eliphelele ethathwa ukwehluleka ezikhethekile izincwadi. ke ihlukile kakhulu umkhakha ngamunye, ngakho ukuletha uhlu enkulu emakhasini le nto, asikwazi emzimbeni.

Kubalwa nokwethenjelwa isici, ungakwazi kalula ukuthola ulwazi mayelana yini okufanele uyilindele kulokho into. Bangamaphesenti engezansi, kunokwethenjelwa kufanele siqaphele idivaysi, imoto noma indlu.

Mayelana ukubuyisela izinto

Njengoba e isimo odlule, kuza umkhawulo kwenzeka ukuthi ukusebenza eminye iba akunakwenzeka noma lukhuni. Kulo mBhalo kufanele bacabangele nesigcino izici eziningana:

• Ukulondoloza into ngesikhathi esincane ephephile kanye / noma usebenza-level, kusuka kube nzima noma kubiza kakhulu.
• Ngenxa yalokho, ukugqoka idivayisi noma umshini ukuza simo ukuthi kuba lula futhi ukuthenga into efanayo.

Kwezinye izimo, umenzi ebheka khona ukuthi isimo nokukhawulela kwenzeka okwamanje lapho isiqalo nesigcino izinkinga zanqwabelana ezingelapheka kuphela ngokwenza ukulungiswa ezinkulu. Ngomqondo onabile, kuba impela ngendlela enengqondo, njengoba kuvimbela enkingeni eziningi ezinkulu. Ngakho, bekhuluma izwi "ukuthembeka" - ukuseviswa, maintainability.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi into operation angase abe nezinye izimo, okuyinto ngazo manje.

Ukuhambisa izinto ezifundeni ezehlukene ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwawo

• Umonakalo - umcimbi owakhiwa le ukwephula ukuseviswa bento ngenkathi sigcina ukusebenza yayo.
• Disclaimer - umcimbi ephula into kahle.
• Lokunquma ukwehluleka - bokuthi noma sesisonke bawo maqondana a okwatholakala yokwehluleka.
• Yokutakula - inqubo uzingela futhi ekuqedeni ukwehluleka (zokugwema ukuphuka) ukuze ubuyisele (okusebenzayo) yayo yokusebenza umthamo.

ukuhlaziywa Engokoqobo Yezindaba nokwethenjelwa

Lapho ochwepheshe ehilelekile ukuhlaziywa isihloko nokwethenjelwa, izimoto noma izakhiwo, ngabo kubaluleke kakhulu iyona Ukwamukelwa isinqumo esifanele mayelana ukuthi benzeni uma kwehluleka. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi into theory kubuyiselwa, kodwa ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile, ukulungisa kuzoba ayisizi futhi / noma kungenzeki nhlobo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhumusha bayifaka isigaba non-ukulungisa.

Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, isiphuphutheki sezulu. Phakathi ezweni design yakhe, ukwakha nokuhlola sihlobana izinto ukuyithola. Lapho eyiswa ku-orbit, ematfuba ukulungisa ivame ukuba zero, ngakhoke ukuthembeka impumelelo kuso sonke isimiso.

imiqondo Ukuthembeka angaphatheki

Ngasekuqaleni sabatshela ukuthi uhlola theory nokwethenjelwa, uma kuziwa izinto ezibonakalayo: izinto, amathuluzi, nemishini, imikhumbi, izindiza, njll Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okungenani ezinye imiqondo le asetshenziswa ukumelwa ezivamile xaxa? Kanjani, isibonelo, ukwazi ukuthembeka amabhange? Phela, nabo basuke ungenalo umakhi ukuthi ukuyithola eyolanda umnikelo wakho ngemva okuvela esilinganiselwe!?

Ngomqondo onabile, kukhona isixazululo, futhi kulokhu, nakuba isinqumo nokwethenjelwa yenziwa ngamanye izibonisi eziningana. Ake uhlu, yiziphi izici kufanele sinake wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke:

• Isakhiwo isikhungo sezezimali, sifinyeto abasunguli balo.
• Abasunguli we ikhomishini.
• Ukubuyekeza, kumpendulo yekhasimende, kanye kadokotela okungenani iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ukuze ulwazi yakamuva kakhulu kungcono hhayi ukuba banake nhlobo.
• Amaphesenti eyinhloko kokubili imali kanye loans.
• Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza iziqinisekiso ebhange.

Ngokuyinhloko, kufanele sinake indlela yokwakheka abasunguli. Amanye amagama ngokushesha uthi abantu onolwazi ukuthi ukuxhumana ebhange nje hhayi zinkulu. Zama ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola iqiniso: uma isayithi noma imibhalo abalekeleli olutholakalayo domain yomphakathi, ulwazi olufana ayitholakali, bheka uhlu lwezinhlangano ukuthi ngandlela-thile ezihlobene kulesi sikhungo. Uma kunjalo (ngisho esikhathini eside esidlule) kwenzakala ethintekayo amahlazo zezimali, kungcono ufune indawo ephephile imali yabo.

Yileyo indlela kunqunywa ukuthembeka amabhange. Uma okungenani intwana eyodwa ohlwini ethulwa ngenhla kubangela wariness yakho nokungaqiniseki, it is kakhulu belulekwa ukuba usebenzise amasevisi yalesi sikhungo wezimali.