Imivubukulo: indawo. Baphi kumbiwa e-Russia

Imivubukulo - uvula kumiswa umhlabathi ukuba uphinde uthele Ukutadisha izikhumbuzo ezindaweni zangaphambili zokuhlala. Ngeshwa, le nqubo kuholela ezicekeleké ungqimba kwamasiko inhlabathi. Ngokungafani ucwaningo laboratory, kabusha ukuqaliswa kwe-bemivubukulo yokwemba indawo akunakwenzeka. Ukuze wenze i kwesidumbu zomhlaba, ezifundeni eziningi kudinga imvume ekhethekile. ERussia (naphambi ukuthi RSFSR) "uhlu evulekile" - okubizwa ngokuthi isivumelwano bodokotela - ehlelekileko Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences. Ukufeza lo uhlobo lomsebenzi endaweni WaseRussia ngokungabi bikho idokhumenti Kuyicala zokuphatha.

Kumila for ukuvulwa phansi

ikhava Land enokuthambekela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukwandisa isisindo salo, okuholela kancane yokucasha zobuciko. Yileyo injongo Ukutholakala bafeza kwesidumbu zomhlaba kumiswa. inhlabathi Ukwandiswa kwezakhi singenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• ekuqongeleleni Yemvelo inhlabathi udaba eziphilayo, ezakhiwe, isibonelo, izinsalela okubangelwa ukuwohloka zezitshalo efile.
• Subsidence ngothuli cosmic emhlabathini.
• Ukubuthelela udoti kusuka izinto ezenziwa abantu.
• Eyalo umoya we izinhlayiya inhlabathi.

imisebenzi

Umgomo oyinhloko bezingelwa abacwaningi, enifeza abavubukuli, - cwaningo esikhumbuzo lasendulo kanye nokubuyiselwa ngencazelo yalo inqubo zomlando. Ukuze uthole, Ucwaningo olunzulu okudidiyelwe ungqimba kwamasiko, iningi okungcono, uma senziwa ukuvulwa okugcwele ukujula eligcwele. Ngo-akhawunti ngeke yamukelwe ngisho izithakazelo umvubukuli ethile. Nokho, njengoba umthetho, it wenziwa kuphela ukuvulwa olungaphelele lesikhumbuzo ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu zabasebenzi ukushuba inqubo. Ezinye zemivubukulo, kuye ngokuthi umklamo wawo, ingahlala iminyaka noma ngisho emashumini eminyaka. Imisebenzi kungaba kwenziwe hhayi kuphela ukufunda umlando izikhumbuzo. Ngaphezu abavubukuli, kunolunye uhlobo yokugujwa, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda zokuphepha ". Ngokuhambisana nomthetho eRussia kudingeka kwenziwe ngaphambi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kanjalo nezinhlaka ezahlukene. Ngoba kungenjalo, kungenzeka itholakale ku-esakhiweni izikhumbuzo izolahleka phakade.

Izifundo

Okokuqala, ukutadisha into zomlando iqala izindlela non-elimazayo efana izithombe, nesilinganiso kanye nencazelo. Uma kwenzeka kuphakama isidingo ukukala isiqondiso ukushuba we ungqimba kwamasiko ikhipha, ukumba imisele noma imigodi. Lezi amathuluzi futhi ukuba ufune into, indawo okuyinto owaziwa kuphela kusuka emithonjeni ebhaliwe. Nokho, ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinjalo iye isicelo kungagcini, ngoba ngokuyinhloko bonakalise ungqimba kwamasiko, futhi okuthakazelisayo ngokomlando.

umhlaba Engineering Reverse

Zonke izigaba zocwaningo futhi eqothula izinto zomlando ngempela ephelezelwa kokungathembeki lokushicilela. Imivubukulo ensimini ka WaseRussia ephelezelwa ngokugcinwa izidingo esiqinile. Sekuvunyelwe ngaphansi "Imithetho". Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we igxile isidingo sokunyathelisa ezinhle imidwebo izinga. Eminyakeni yamuva nje baye ngokuya ekhishwe elektroniki nokusetshenziswa entsha ubuchwepheshe computer.

Imivubukulo Russia

Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, abavubukuli Russian senziwa umphakathi uhlu yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngo-2010 I izenzakalo eziphawulekayo kakhulu kule nkathi kokutholakala ngcebo Torzhok, abavubukuli eJeriko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudala baqiniswa Yaroslavl. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa Institute of Archaeology RAS minyaka anezinto eziningi mikhankaso ucwaningo. Ukulitadisha kwabo ukunweba phezu insimu ka engxenyeni European yeRussia, ezindaweni ezithile endaweni Asian yezwe ngisho phesheya, isibonelo ezindaweni eziningi eMesophothamiya, e-Asia Ephakathi futhi Spitsbergen ziqhingi. Ngokusho Institute Umqondisi UNikolai Makarov esithangamini sabezindaba, phakathi kuka-2010 i-Institute of Archaeology RAS kuphela eyenziwa mikhankaso 36. Futhi kuphela ingxenye yazo eyenziwa ensimini ka-Russia, kanti bonke abanye - phesheya. Kwaziwa ukuthi cishe u-50% okuxhaswa ngezimali ekhiqizwa kusukela isabelomali isimo, imali ye RAS nezikhungo yesayensi ezifana "Russian Basic Research Fund" futhi "Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation." Ngenkathi lonke izinsiza senzelwe ngokuziphatha umsebenzi ezihlobene kulondolozwe izikhumbuzo ifa abavubukuli, ame-abakhi zimali.

ucwaningo Phanagoria

Ngokusho Makarov, ngo-2010 futhi shift abalulekile ekuhloleni ezikhumbuzo endala. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi Phanagoria - kwekulu omuzi wasendulo yayitholakala ezindaweni yeRussia, nelesibili enhlokodolobha ilandelana Bosporus umbuso sika. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izibalo isayensi abangu wafunda izakhiwo ye-Acropolis engasenyakatho, futhi bathola isakhiwo esikhulu, obuhlehlela emuva kweminyaka engu-BC IV leminyaka. e. Zonke abavubukuli kwa Phanagoria olwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa Doctor of zomlando Sciences uVladimir Kuznetsov. Nguye atholakala isakhiwo iyibhulogi esakhiweni sahulumende, okuyinto esetshenziswa ukuba ngaphambi emihlanganweni uhulumeni yayiqhutshelwa khona. Isici esiphawulekayo lokhu ukwakhiwa - isikhungo, okuyinto esetshenziswa nsuku zonke ukugcina umlilo uvutha. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uma nje ukukhanya amalangabi alo, isimo lasendulo ukuphila edolobheni ngeke iphele.

Ucwaningo e-Sochi

Esinye isenzakalo esiphawulekayo esithi 2010 waqala imivubukulo enhlokodolobha yase-Olympics 2014. UDkt iqembu lososayensi, eholwa art umlando - umcwaningi ehola Institute of Archaeology Vladimirom Sedovym, olwenziwa ucwaningo ngaleso indawo ukugcina Railways ukwakhiwa e n kumnandi .. Lapha-ke, futhi izinsalela isonto WaseByzantium atholakele IX-XI eminyaka.

Imivubukulo e n. Krutik

Lomsebenti wawufaka futhi wezandla edolobhaneni kwekhulu leshumi, elise ehlathini Belozor Vologda esifundeni. Imivubukulo endaweni iphethwe wabaholi wesayensi zomlando Sergey Zakharov. Ngo-2010, lapho 44 zemali kubalwa etholakale Central Asia, emazweni sompristi naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Abahwebi yasetshenziswa ukukhokhela uboya, ikakhulukazi tsenivshihsya ku Arab East.

Imivubukulo. eCrimea

kwesihenqo zomlando liphuma kule nsimu sibonga kakhulu ukuthi kwenzekani lapha kaningi ucwaningo. Ezinye bomkhankaso kakade oye waqhubeka iminyaka eminingi. Phakathi kwabo: "Kulchuk," "We-seagull," "Belyaus", "Kalos Limen", "Cembalo" kanye nabanye abaningi. Uma kukhona isifiso ukuya yemivubukulo, ungajoyina iqembu lamavolontiya. Nokho, njengoba umthetho, ukuhlala kwabo ezweni amavolontiya kufanele ukhokhe ngokwakho. Ngo eCrimea, aphethwe lenqwaba ohambweni, kodwa iningi lawo eyesikhashana. Kulokhu, inani amaqembu amancane. Izifundo yenziwa izisebenzi ezinolwazi abavubukuli okhokhelwayo.